Solidago canadensis

Linnaeus

Sp. Pl. 2: 878. 1753.

Common names: Canada goldenrod verge d’or du Canada
IllustratedEndemic
Synonyms: Aster canadensis (Linnaeus) Kuntze
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 20. Treatment on page 151. Mentioned on page 146, 150, 153, 156, 157.

Plants 30–150(–200) cm; rhizomes short to long creeping. Stems 1–20+, erect, glabrate proximally or sparsely strigoso-villous, becoming more densely so distal to mid stem. Leaves: basal 0; proximal to mid cauline usually withering by flowering, tapering to sessile bases, blades narrowly ovate-lanceolate, 50–190 × 5–30 mm, margins sharply serrate, 3-nerved, apices acuminate, abaxial faces glabrous or more commonly hairy along main nerves, adaxial glabrous or slightly scabrous; mid to distal similar, 30–50(–120) × 8–12 mm, largest near mid stem, reduced distally, margins usually serrate or serrulate (teeth 3–8), sometimes entire proximal to arrays. Heads (70–)150–1300+, secund, in secund pyramidal-paniculiform arrays (obscurely so and club-shaped thyrsiform in small plants or shoots with small arrays), branches divergent and recurved, branches and peduncles hairy. Peduncles 3–3.4 mm, bracteoles 0–3, linear-triangular. Involucres narrowly campanulate, 1.7–2.5(–3) mm. Phyllaries in 3–4 series, strongly unequal, acute to obtuse; outer lanceolate, inner linear-lanceolate. Ray florets (5–)8–14(–18); laminae 0.5–1.5 × 0.15–0.3(–0.5) mm. Disc florets (2–)3–6(–8); corollas 2.2–2.8(–3) mm, lobes 0.4–0.8(–1) mm. Cypselae (narrowly obconic) 1–1.5 mm (ribbed), sparsely strigose; pappi 1.8–2.2 mm.

Distribution

V20-325-distribution-map.gif

Introduced; Man., N.S., Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.), Ont., P.E.I., Que., Conn., Del., Ill., Ind., Iowa, Ky., Maine, Mass., Md., Mich., Minn., N.Dak., N.H., N.J., N.Y., Nebr., Ohio, Pa., R.I., S.Dak., Va., Vt., W.Va., Wis., Europe.

Discussion

Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).

Solidago canadensis is cultivated and introduced in more western states and in Europe. Very narrow limits for the species are followed here. Alternatively, the species has been defined broadly to include most other species of the subsection (e.g., A. Cronquist 1994).

Solidago ×bartramiana Fernald [S. canadensis var. bartramiana (Fernald) Beaudry] is considered to be a hybrid between S. canadensis and S. uliginosa. Its growth form and array are more like those of the latter.

Two sometimes difficult-to-distinguish varieties with greatly overlapping ranges are recognized.

Selected References

None.

Key

1 Mid to proximal stems glabrous or sparsely hairy Solidago canadensis var. canadensis
1 Mid to proximal stems moderately hairy Solidago canadensis var. hargeri
... more about "Solidago canadensis"
John C. Semple +  and Rachel E. Cook +
Linnaeus +
Triplinerviae +
Canada goldenrod +  and verge d’or du Canada +
Man. +, N.S. +, Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.) +, Ont. +, P.E.I. +, Que. +, Conn. +, Del. +, Ill. +, Ind. +, Iowa +, Ky. +, Maine +, Mass. +, Md. +, Mich. +, Minn. +, N.Dak. +, N.H. +, N.J. +, N.Y. +, Nebr. +, Ohio +, Pa. +, R.I. +, S.Dak. +, Va. +, Vt. +, W.Va. +, Wis. +  and Europe. +
Illustrated +  and Endemic +
Aster canadensis +
Solidago canadensis +
Solidago subsect. Triplinerviae +
species +