View source for Arachis ← Arachis You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reason: The action you have requested is limited to users in the group: Users. You can view and copy the source of this page. {{Treatment/ID |accepted_name=Arachis |accepted_authority=Linnaeus |publications={{Treatment/Publication |title=Sp. Pl. |place=2: 741. 1753 |year=1753 }} |common_names=Peanut |special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status |code=I |label=Introduced }} |basionyms= |synonyms= |hierarchy=Fabaceae;Fabaceae subfam. Faboideae;Arachis |hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Fabaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Fabaceae subfam. Faboideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Arachis]]</div></div> |etymology=Latin arachis, contraction of Arachidna; aracus, wild chickling, and hudnon, tuber, alluding to similarity between underground fruit of arachis and aerial fruit of aracus |volume=Volume 11 |mention_page= |treatment_page= }}<!-- --><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Herbs,</b> annual or perennial, sometimes woody basally, unarmed. <b>Stems</b> spreading, erect, prostrate, or creeping, sometimes subterranean, glabrous or pubescent. <b>Leaves</b> alternate, usually even-pinnate; stipules present, adnate to petiole base; petiolate; leaflets usually 4, rarely 3, stipels absent, blade margins entire, surfaces glabrous or pubescent. <b>Inflorescences</b> 1–7-flowered, axillary, spikes, sometimes subpaniculate; bracts present, similar to stipules; bracteoles paired at base of elongated hypanthium. <b>Flowers</b> papilionaceous; calyx, corolla, and stamens borne at summit of an elongated, tubular hypanthium, calyx lobes 5, bilabiate, linear, 4 adaxial lobes connate to form broad lip, sometimes 2 adaxialmost lobes fused to summit and adaxial lip appearing 3-toothed; corolla yellow to orange [brick-red or white]; stamens 10, monadelphous, with 8 functional anthers and 2 sterile filaments [9 or 10 functional and 0 or 1 sterile]; anthers alternately dorsifixed, oblong, and basifixed, globose, sometimes 1 or 2 stamens reduced to sterile filaments or absent; ovary sessile at anthesis, base later greatly elongated on peg; style filiform; stigma terminal. <b>Fruits</b> geocarpic, loments, sessile, torulose, not articulate, oblong or ovoid, ± indehiscent, glabrous. <b>Seeds</b> 1–6, ovoid or oblong; hilum subapical. <b>x</b> = 10.</span><!-- -->{{Treatment/Body |distribution=South America (Argentina;Brazil;Paraguay;Uruguay);introduced also in Mexico;West Indies;Central America;Asia;Africa;Australia. |introduced=true |discussion=<p>Species ca. 70 (2 in the flora).</p><!-- --><p>Arachis is most closely related to Chapmannia and Stylosanthes, based on morphological (V. E. Rudd 1981) and molecular evidence (M. Lavin et al. 2001, 2001b). It has been divided into nine sections, with many species displaying extensive morphological variation (A. Krapovickas and W. C. Gregory 2007). Two species are cultivated in the flora area for use as food or forage. Additional species are grown in tropical climates; they may be introduced into southern Florida in the future. Some cultivated strains are difficult to identify to species and are identified only to section.</p><!-- --><p>Geocarpic fruits are common to all species of Arachis. The flowers are chasmogamous and aerial, with a meristem at the base of the sessile ovary. After fertilization, the meristem elongates greatly to form a post-floral axis or the so-called peg that grows gravitropically until the developing fruit is below ground level (B. W. Smith 1950; A. Krapovickas and W. C. Gregory 2007).</p> |tables= |references= }}<!-- --><div class="treatment-key"> ==Key== <div class="treatment-key-group"> {| class="wikitable fna-keytable" |-id=key-0-1 |1 |Herbs annual; calyces 10–12 mm; corollas 10–20 mm; hypanthia elongated to (1–)2–4 cm; loments 20–60 × 10–20 mm. |[[Arachis hypogaea|Arachis hypogaea]] |-id=key-0-1 |1 |Herbs perennial; calyces 6–10 mm; corollas 15–24 mm; hypanthia elongated to 2.5–10 cm; loments 10 × 5–6 mm. |[[Arachis glabrata|Arachis glabrata]] |} </div></div><!-- -->{{#Taxon: name=Arachis |author=Velva E. Rudd†;Jay A. Raveill |authority=Linnaeus |rank=genus |parent rank=subfamily |synonyms= |basionyms= |family=Fabaceae |distribution=South America (Argentina;Brazil;Paraguay;Uruguay);introduced also in Mexico;West Indies;Central America;Asia;Africa;Australia. |introduced=true |reference=None |publication title=Sp. Pl. |publication year=1753 |special status=Introduced |source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/master/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V11/V11_711.xml |subfamily=Fabaceae subfam. Faboideae |genus=Arachis }}<!-- -->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Fabaceae subfam. Faboideae]] Templates used on this page: Template:Fabaceae (view source) Template:Treatment/AuthorLink (view source) Template:Treatment/Body (view source) Template:Treatment/Body/Maps (view source) Template:Treatment/ID (view source) Template:Treatment/ID/Special status (view source) Template:Treatment/Publication (view source) Return to Arachis.