Lower Taxa Rhamnus alaternus, Rhamnus alnifolia, Rhamnus arguta, Rhamnus cathartica, Rhamnus crocea, Rhamnus davurica, Rhamnus ilicifolia, Rhamnus japonica
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genusJatropha Show Lower Taxa Jatropha canescens, Jatropha cardiophylla, Jatropha cathartica, Jatropha cuneata, Jatropha curcas, Jatropha dioica, Jatropha gossypiifolia
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Canada. The orange-colored wood of R. cathartica is sometimes used by woodcarvers. Kurylo, J. S. 2007. Rhamnus cathartica: Native and naturalized distribution
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LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyEuphorbiaceae genusJatropha speciesJatropha cathartica Terán & Berlandier in J. L. Berlandier, Mem. Comis. Limites, 9. 1832.
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thickets, meadows, degraded woods, woods edges, commonly with Rhamnus cathartica and R. davurica. Elevation: 200–300 m. Generated Map Legacy Map Introduced; Conn
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bark, leaves, and fruits of Frangula alnus, F. purshiana, and Rhamnus cathartica have been used as laxatives. Old World species of Rhamnus provide yellow
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competitors such as Lonicera japonica Thunberg in the southeast and Rhamnus cathartica Linnaeus in the northeast (P. M. Catling and G. Mitrow 2012b). Hawthorns
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Rhamnus Rhamnus alaternus Rhamnus alnifolia Rhamnus arguta R cont. Rhamnus cathartica Rhamnus crocea Rhamnus davurica Rhamnus davurica subsp. davurica Rhamnus
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Florida J Jatropha Jatropha canescens Jatropha cardiophylla Jatropha cathartica Jatropha cuneata J cont. Jatropha curcas Jatropha dioica Jatropha dioica
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Verbatim text: Kurylo, J. S. 2007. Rhamnus cathartica: Native and naturalized distribution and habitat preferences. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 134: 420–430. Author:
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