numbers of genera and species in the southern hemisphere. Genera ca. 187, species ca. 1240 (19 genera, 111 species in the flora). Traditionally, taxa included
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Lopezieae, and Onagreae. The Epilobieae and Onagreae are diverse; together they constitute fully two-thirds of the species in the family and include 15
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from near the base to near the apices, straight or bent, sometimes delicate and indistinct from the callus hairs, sometimes exserted beyond the lemma margins;
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Asia Species 7 (7 in the flora). Section Myrtillus is restricted to the Northern Hemisphere and has its greatest diversity along the Pacific Rim from Japan
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significant role in the taxonomy and evolution of the genus. J. C. Semple and R. A. Brammall (1982), G. L. Nesom (1994c, 1997) and J. Labrecque and L. Brouillet
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F. V. Coville and N. L. Britton (1908) provided the most comprehensive treatment of the group for North America and recognized Ribes and Grossularia at
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areas of the western and eastern hemispheres, and in Hawaii, where P. karwinskianus Koehne is invasive. Hu S. Y. (1954–1956) relied on vestiture of the leaves
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trees and shrubs of northern temperate and boreal zones of the Northern Hemisphere. Like Alnus, the group is highly diversified, especially in the Old World
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Wyethia. Weber, W. A. 1946. A taxonomic and cytological study of the genus Wyethia, family Compositae, with notes on the related genus Balsamorhiza. Amer. Midl
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long as the diameter of the distal gland, long-stipitate-glandular to hairs with stalks clearly visible, 1–3-times longer than the diameter of the distal
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mountains in eastern and western North America, and also in outlying, scattered, mesic, interglacial refugia, occasionally at low elevations. The genus Aconitum
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concerning the second haplome. Wang and Jensen (1994) argued that there are two different haplomes present, the origin of the second one being unknown and designated
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Russia). Species 29 (26 in the flora). Arnica is circumboreal, predominantly montane, and exhibits maximum species diversity in western North America. It includes
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fimbriatum). x = 8. Northern Hemisphere. Species 25–30 (5 in the flora). The number of Veratrum species depends on the taxonomic treatment of four wide-ranging
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three of the species are known only from Mexico (D. C. D. De Jong 1965; J. Rzedowski 1983). Vegetatively and florally, Astranthium is similar to the monotypic
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(15 in the flora). The convergence of morphologic (J. Soják 1985[1989]) and molecular (T. Eriksson et al. 1998; M. Lundberg et al. 2009; C. Dobeš and J. Paule
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In the basic arrangement the septum is straight and the seeds in each locule are arranged obliquely to the septum and subopposite to seeds in the adjacent
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3 (3 in the flora). Spiraea douglasii has been popular in the garden trade and was used to develop a number of hybrids. In North America, the hybrid most
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directly onto the bases of the phyllaries, and the phyllaries and ray cypselae tend to fall together when the heads shatter at maturity. The numbers of phyllaries
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lineages: the Leontipes group, mostly restricted to western North America, and the Catipes group, occurring throughout the Northern Hemisphere and South America
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