wide, gradually involute, apically trigonous, subulate. Inflorescences: spikelet clusters 1–4, dense to open, mostly irregularly turbinate; peduncles ascending
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branches. Spikelets pedicellate or sessile, lateral spikelets with shorter pedicels than the central spikelet or sessile; lateral spikelets with 2 florets
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capitate or 1 spikelet; proximal bract erect, very rarely divergent, on longer culms of plants 5–150 mm and 1/5–2/3 culm length. Spikelets 1–15, 5–12 ×
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blades usually flat. Inflorescences dense, spikelike panicles, more than 1 spikelet associated with each node; branches often shorter than 2 mm, always shorter
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1-3 mm; disarticulation in the rachises, at the nodes beneath each spikelet. Spikelets 25-75 mm including the awns, 7-22 mm excluding the awns, more than
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(2)3-4 spikelets, the distal spikelet sterile; rudimentary spikelets 1(2); disarticulation at the base of the spikes, above the rudimentary spikelets. Fertile
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Volume 24. Treatment on page 199. Plants annual, biennial, or perennial. Spikelets elliptic to lanceolate, strongly laterally compressed, with 3-12 florets
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panicles, racemes, or a solitary spikelet, to 12 cm; rachises, branches, and pedicels scabrous or hirsute. Spikelets terete or laterally compressed, with
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usually tipped with a staminate spikelet. Staminate spikelets 2.5-3.5 mm, on 4-11 mm pedicels, subtending the pistillate spikelets, purple; lower glumes 1-2
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many branches (all branches in depauperate specimens) with a single spikelet. Spikelets with 2-7 florets; rachillas glabrous on the side adjacent to the paleas
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excluding the awns, erect, with 1 spikelet per node; internodes 9-27 mm long, 1-1.3 mm wide, glabrous, smooth. Spikelets 13-29 mm long, from shorter than
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exceeding the leaves, solitary spikelike racemes (a single spikelet in Z. minima), spikelets solitary, shortly pedicellate, laterally appressed to the rachises;
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maturity; lowermost branches stiff to flexuous, reflexed to erect at maturity. Spikelets 3.6-6.9 mm, with 2-8 florets. Lower glumes 0.7-2.1 mm; upper glumes 0.9-2
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pedicellate spikelets; disarticulation at the base of the sessile spikelets, sometimes also at the base of the pedicellate spikelets. Sessile spikelets laterally
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with 1 spikelet at all or most nodes, occasionally 2 at some nodes, very rarely 3 or 4 spikelets per node, lower spikelets sessile, upper spikelets pedicillate;
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branches 1 or 2 per node, ascending or appressed, terminating in a spikelet. Spikelets cylindrical when young, laterally compressed at maturity, with (2)3-5(7)
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branches (1.5)2-7(7.5) cm, scabrous, usually spikelet-bearing on the distal 1/2 - 2/3, sometimes to the base. Spikelets 4-5(6) mm; rachilla prolongations 0.5-1
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ovate, 3–3.5 × 1.5 mm, apex entire, acute, often carinate in distal part of spikelet. Flowers: perianth bristles 6, stramineous, stout, nearly equal, mostly
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usually with 1 spikelet per node, sometimes with 2 at a few nodes; internodes 3.5-15 mm long, 0.1-0.8 mm wide, glabrous or hairy. Spikelets 8-31 mm, 1.5-3
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lanceolate, 2–3 × 1.5 mm, apex entire, acute, often carinate in distal part of spikelet. Flowers: perianth bristles 3–6, whitish to stramineous, stout to slender
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