mostly cauline; often proximally opposite, distally alternate; petiolate or sessile; blades usually 3-lobed, ultimate margins entire, toothed, or lobed. Heads
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dense and imbricate, with or without basal and/or mucilage canals. Strobili sessile or stalked, upright, nodding, or pendent. Sporangia solitary, adaxial near
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called spikes, with 3 spikelets at each node, central spikelets usually sessile, sometimes pedicellate, pedicels to 2 mm, lateral spikelets usually pedicellate
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margins; disarticulation in the rames, beneath the sessile spikelets. Spikelets dorsally compressed; sessile spikelets with 2 florets; lower glumes rounded
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alternate, sessile; blade ovate to linear, small, entire. Staminate flowers in axillary glomerules. Fruiting bracteoles monomorphic, sessile or subsessile
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(except sometimes in T. ovatum). Flower pedicellate except subsessile or sessile in T. pusillum var. virginianum. Petals wide-spreading, white, reddish purple
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alternate or nearly opposite, submersed or both submersed and floating, sessile or petiolate; sheath not persisting longer than blade, not leaving circular
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rosettes, usually withering by flowering); proximal opposite, most alternate; sessile; blades oblanceolate to linear or lance-linear, usually pinnatifid or toothed
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infrequently abruptly reduced and pinnalike; pinnae entire to deeply pinnatifid, sessile or short-stalked; costae grooved adaxially; buds absent or uncommonly present
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(indehiscent, nutlike capsule in C. heterandra), 4 or 8-grooved or smooth; sessile or subsessile to long-pedicellate. California, nw Mexico. Species 15 (15
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Hemiscola and Tarenaya); glabrous or glandular-pubescent, hairs stalked or sessile (producing glucosinolates). Stems usually erect, sometimes spreading or
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spikes, or panicles, or flowers solitary or in pairs, flowers pedicellate or sessile. Flowers bisexual, inconspicuous or showy, radially symmetric; stipitate
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or sessile; basal (often withered by flowering), rosulate, petiolate, blade (1–3-pinnate), margins entire or toothed; cauline petiolate or sessile, blade
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usually alternate [opposite]; usually petiolate (rarely peltate), sometimes sessile; margins entire or dentate to pinnatifid (leaves sometimes becoming spines
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(sometimes inflated). Leaves basal and cauline; petiolate, subsessile, or sessile; basal rosulate or not, petiolate, blade margins entire, dentate, sinuate
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Mentioned on page 226, 235, 242. Plants not scapose; pubescent, trichomes sessile, medifixed, appressed, 2-rayed (malpighiaceous) or 3–5(–8)-rayed (stellate)
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sometimes naked below; rames with numerous sessile-pedicellate spikelet pairs and a terminal triad of 1 sessile and 2 pedicellate spikelets, internodes slender
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mostly opposite (distal sometimes alternate), rarely whorled; petiolate or sessile; blades (often pinnately or palmately lobed, sometimes compound), or lobes
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denticulate, ciliolate, or crenulate. Inflorescences terminal, scapose or sessile umbels or solitary flowers; bracts usually present. Flowers bisexual, homostylous
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medifixed). Leaves basal or basal and cauline; alternate; petiolate or sessile; blades filiform, linear, lanceolate, ovate, elliptic, oblong, oblanceolate
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