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Habitat: Acidic soils in low, swampy woodlands along streams, red maple (Acer rubrum) swamps, very wet in spring, plants often grouped on hummocks, possibly

ponderosa changes from var. scopulorum in the north to var. arizonica in the south. In Arizona and New Mexico, Picea engelmanii and Abies bifolia "var. arizonica"

The cooccurrence in swamps of black ash (Fraxinus nigra), red maple (Acer rubrum), and yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis), as well as arbor vitae (Thuja