Viola canadensis var. canadensis

[E]
Endemic
Synonyms: Viola canadensis var. pubens Farwell V. canadensis var. rydbergii (Greene) House V. canadensis var. scariosa Porter V. geminiflora Greene V. muriculata V. neomexicana V. rydbergii
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 6. Treatment on page 126.

Plants solitary, 11–46 cm. Rhizomes not branched. Stems 1–2(–4). Leaves: basal: petiole 1.2–20 cm; blade ovate to ovate-reniform, 1.4–8 × 2.4–9.2 cm, base cordate, margins crenate; cauline: stipules oblong, ovate, or lanceolate, margins usually entire, apex acute, long-acuminate to cuspidate, or ± truncate; petiole 0.1–6.1(–15.2) cm; blade ovate to deltate, 2–7.1 × 0.9–6.2 cm, base cordate or truncate, margins crenate to crenulate, ciliate or eciliate. Peduncles 1–2.6(–6.1) cm, sometimes glabrous below bracteoles. Flowers: lowest petal 8–15 mm. Capsules 4–8.5 mm, sometimes minutely muricate. 2n = 24.


Phenology: Flowering Apr–Oct.
Habitat: Riparian, coniferous or aspen forests, deciduous and mixed forests, cove hardwoods, northern hardwood forests, moist, shaded slopes, sandy, rich, or rocky soil, talus slopes, road cuts
Elevation: 50–3600 m

Distribution

V6 207-distribution-map.jpg

N.B., N.W.T., N.S., Ont., Que., Ala., Ariz., Ark., Colo., Conn., Ga., Idaho, Ill., Ind., Ky., Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., N.H., N.J., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Pa., R.I., S.C., Tenn., Utah, Vt., Va., W.Va., Wis., Wyo.

Discussion

H. J. Scoggan (1978–1979) stated that reports of var. canadensis from Newfoundland require confirmation.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.
R. John Little +  and Landon E. McKinney† +
N.B. +, N.W.T. +, N.S. +, Ont. +, Que. +, Ala. +, Ariz. +, Ark. +, Colo. +, Conn. +, Ga. +, Idaho +, Ill. +, Ind. +, Ky. +, Maine +, Md. +, Mass. +, Mich. +, N.H. +, N.J. +, N.Y. +, N.C. +, Ohio +, Pa. +, R.I. +, S.C. +, Tenn. +, Utah +, Vt. +, Va. +, W.Va. +, Wis. +  and Wyo. +
50–3600 m +
Riparian, coniferous or aspen forests, deciduous and mixed forests, cove hardwoods, northern hardwood forests, moist, shaded slopes, sandy, rich, or rocky soil, talus slopes, road cuts +
Flowering Apr–Oct. +
Viola canadensis var. pubens +, V. canadensis var. rydbergii +, V. canadensis var. scariosa +, V. geminiflora +, V. muriculata +, V. neomexicana +  and V. rydbergii +
Viola canadensis var. canadensis +
Viola canadensis +
variety +