Solidago gigantea

Aiton

Hort. Kew. 3: 211. 1789.

Common names: Tall or giant or smooth goldenrod verge d’or géante
Endemic
Basionym: Solidago serotina 1789
Synonyms: Aster latissimifolius var. serotinus Kuntze Doria dumetorum (Lunell) Lunell Doria pitcheri (Nuttall) Lunell Solidago cleliae de Candolle Solidago dumetorum Lunell Solidago gigantea var. leiophylla Fernald Solidago gigantea var. pitcheri (Nuttall) Shinners Solidago gigantea subsp. serotina (Kuntze) McNeill Solidago gigantea var. serotina (Kuntze) Cronquist Solidago gigantea var. shinnersii Beaudry Solidago pitcheri Solidago serotina var. gigantea (Aiton) A. Gray Solidago serotina var. minor Hooker Solidago serotinoides Solidago shinnersii Solidago somesii
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 20. Treatment on page 156. Mentioned on page 150, 157, 158, 166.

Plants 50–200 cm (solitary or clustered); rhizomes short- to long-creeping. Stems 1–20+ or clustered, erect, glabrous or sparsely strigose in arrays, sometimes glaucous. Leaves: basal 0; proximal cauline usually withering by flowering time, sessile, lanceolate, 91–97 × 10–14 mm, margins sharply serrate, 3-nerved, apices acuminate, abaxial faces pilose on nerves or glabrous; mid to distal cauline similar, 57–76 × 0.7–1.2 cm, largest toward mid stem, decreasing distally. Heads 40–600, secund, in broadly secund, pyramidal paniculiform arrays, rarely rhombic or club-shaped, proximal branches divergent, recurved, glabrous-glabrate or strigose, sometimes glaucous. Peduncles 1.5–3 mm, sparsely to densely strigillose; bracteoles 0–2, linear-lanceolate. Involucres campanulate, (2–)2.5–4(–5) mm. Phyllaries in 3–4 series, unequal, acute; outer lanceolate, inner linear-lanceolate (hexaploids from far west can have minute stipitate glands, especially near base of outer phyllaries and peduncle bracts). Ray florets (7–)9–15(–24) (conspicuous); laminae 1–3 × (0.1–)0.2–0.4 mm. Disc florets (4–)7–12(–17); corollas (2.5–)3–3.5(–4.5) mm, lobes 0.6–1(–1.4) mm. Cypselae 1.3–1.5 mm, sparsely strigose; pappi 2–2.5 mm. 2n =18, 36, 54.


Phenology: Flowering Aug–Sep(–Oct).
Habitat: Usually at least seasonally moister soils, flood plains, ditches, depressions, open woods, and thickets, moist depressions in grasslands and parklands on Great Plains
Elevation: 0–1500+ m

Distribution

V20-339-distribution-map.gif

Alta., Man., N.B., N.S., Ont., P.E.I., Que., Sask., Ala., Ark., Colo., Conn., Del., Fla., Ga., Ill., Ind., Iowa, Kans., Ky., La., Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., Miss., Mo., Mont., Nebr., N.H., N.J., N.Y., N.C., N.Dak., Ohio, Okla., Pa., R.I., S.C., S.Dak., Tenn., Tex., Vt., Va., W.Va., Wis., Wyo., introduced in Mexico.

Discussion

Solidago gigantea is usually the least hairy species of the S. canadensis complex. The stems may be somewhat glaucous and the array is usually somewhat more open than in S. canadensis and S. altissima, and less leafy than S. lepida. Its blooming season begins and ends earlier than S. altissima in eastern North America. The species is diploid, mostly east of the Appalachian Mountains, tetraploid throughout the eastern forest area, and hexaploid on the prairies. The broader-leaved hexaploids on the prairies have been treated as S. shinnersii; G. H. Morton (1984) indicated that the differences are not diagnostic. Reports of hexaploids in the mountains from Alberta, Idaho, Oregon, Washington, and northwestern Wyoming all have minute stipitate glands on the phyllaries, peduncle bracts, and sometimes the distalmost leaves; such plants belong in S. lepida, as do plants from British Columbia. Stems sometimes have 1–2 elongate insect galls near the base (S. Heard, pers. comm.). Although reported from much of Florida, specimens were seen only from Liberty County; all other collections are S. leavenworthii.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.
... more about "Solidago gigantea"
John C. Semple +  and Rachel E. Cook +
Solidago serotina +
Tall or giant or smooth goldenrod +  and verge d’or géante +
Alta. +, Man. +, N.B. +, N.S. +, Ont. +, P.E.I. +, Que. +, Sask. +, Ala. +, Ark. +, Colo. +, Conn. +, Del. +, Fla. +, Ga. +, Ill. +, Ind. +, Iowa +, Kans. +, Ky. +, La. +, Maine +, Md. +, Mass. +, Mich. +, Minn. +, Miss. +, Mo. +, Mont. +, Nebr. +, N.H. +, N.J. +, N.Y. +, N.C. +, N.Dak. +, Ohio +, Okla. +, Pa. +, R.I. +, S.C. +, S.Dak. +, Tenn. +, Tex. +, Vt. +, Va. +, W.Va. +, Wis. +, Wyo. +  and introduced in Mexico. +
0–1500+ m +
Usually at least seasonally moister soils, flood plains, ditches, depressions, open woods, and thickets, moist depressions in grasslands and parklands on Great Plains +
Flowering Aug–Sep(–Oct). +
Aster latissimifolius var. serotinus +, Doria dumetorum +, Doria pitcheri +, Solidago cleliae +, Solidago dumetorum +, Solidago gigantea var. leiophylla +, Solidago gigantea var. pitcheri +, Solidago gigantea subsp. serotina +, Solidago gigantea var. serotina +, Solidago gigantea var. shinnersii +, Solidago pitcheri +, Solidago serotina var. gigantea +, Solidago serotina var. minor +, Solidago serotinoides +, Solidago shinnersii +  and Solidago somesii +
Solidago gigantea +
Solidago subsect. Triplinerviae +
species +