Xanthorhiza simplicissima

Marshall

Arbust. Amer., 167. 1785.

Common names: Yellowroot shrub yellowroot brook-feather
IllustratedEndemic
Synonyms: Xanthorhiza apiifolia L'Héritier
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3.

Stems 20-70 cm, 3-6mm diam.; bark smooth, ringed with leaf scars, inner bark yellow. Leaves clustered near stem apex, to 18cm; leaflets 3-5, 2.5-10 × 2-8 cm, sessile to short-petiolulate. Inflorescences broad-paniculate, arising from cluster of leaves, 6-21 cm, short-pilose; pedicel 2-5 mm. Flowers: sepals spreading, acuminate; petals with nectary transversely oblong, 2-lobed. Follicles yellowish brown, glossy, somewhat inflated, 3-4 mm, distally ciliate. 2n=36.


Phenology: Flowering spring–summer (Apr–May).
Habitat: Shaded stream banks, moist woods, thickets, and rocky ledges
Elevation: 0-1200 m

Distribution

V3 636-distribution-map.gif

Ala., Fla., Ga., Ky., La., Maine, Md., Mass., Miss., N.H., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, S.C., Tenn., Tex., Vt., Va., W.Va.

Discussion

Xanthorhiza simplicissima is cultivated as an effective ground cover in moist soils. In the northeastern and midwestern United States it occasionally escapes from cultivation, and either persists or becomes established. In southeastern Texas and western Louisiana the species is apparently native, though infrequent. The leaves bear a striking resemblance to those of celery, hence apiifolia, the epithet in synonymy.

The yellow inner bark and roots contain a bitter principle; the roots have been used medicinally and in making yellow dye. Bundles of yellowroot are widely sold in Alabama and Georgia for treatment of gastrointestinal disorders and fever blisters (R. D. Whetstone, pers. comm.).

Native Americans used Xanthorhiza simplicissima medicinally to treat ulcerated stomachs, colds, jaundice, piles, sore mouth, sore throat, cancer, and cramps, and as a blood tonic (D. E. Moerman 1986).

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.
... more about "Xanthorhiza simplicissima"
Bruce D. Parfitt +
Marshall +
Yellowroot +, shrub yellowroot +  and brook-feather +
Ala. +, Fla. +, Ga. +, Ky. +, La. +, Maine +, Md. +, Mass. +, Miss. +, N.H. +, N.Y. +, N.C. +, Ohio +, S.C. +, Tenn. +, Tex. +, Vt. +, Va. +  and W.Va. +
0-1200 m +
Shaded stream banks, moist woods, thickets, and rocky ledges +
Flowering spring–summer (Apr–May). +
Arbust. Amer., +
Illustrated +  and Endemic +
Xanthorhiza apiifolia +
Xanthorhiza simplicissima +
Xanthorhiza +
species +