Difference between revisions of "Achlys"

de Candolle

Syst. Nat. 2: 35. 1821.

Etymology: Greek Achlus, a god of night
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3.
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--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="herb duration;herb duration;herb some measurement;herb pubescence"><b>Herbs,</b> perennial, deciduous, 2.5-5 dm, glabrous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="rhizome size;rhizome architecture;foliage leaf quantity;shoot life cycle"><b>Rhizomes </b>extensive, branching, producing 1-few foliage leaves or flowering shoots per year.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="stem location;stem presence"><b>Aerial </b>stems absent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="leaf position;leaf arrangement;leaf architecture"><b>Leaves </b>basal, alternate, 3-foliolate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="petiole length or size;petiole size">petiole long, slender.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="blade-leaf shape;blade-leaf distance"><b>Leaf-</b>blade orbiculate in gross outline, 20-40 cm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="leaflet blade shape;leaflet blade shape;leaflet blade shape;leaflet blade architecture or shape">leaflet blades fan-shaped, entire or lobed, lateral leaflet blades strongly asymmetric, margins entire to coarsely sinuate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="margin shape;margin shape;margin shape;margin architecture">venation palmate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="inflorescence position or structure subtype;spike density;spike architecture;flower prominence"><b>Inflorescences </b>terminal, dense scapose-pedunculate spikes of inconspicuous flowers.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="flower architecture;flower coloration;flower coloration;flower coloration;flower some measurement;flower some measurement"><b>Flowers </b>3-merous, white to cream, 6 mm or less;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="bracteole presence">bracteoles absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="sepal presence">sepals absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="petal presence">petals absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="stamen atypical quantity;stamen quantity">stamens 8-10 (-13);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="anther dehiscence;flap quantity">anthers dehiscing by 2 apically hinged flaps;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="pollen exine coloration or pubescence or relief">pollen exine striate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="">ovaries asymmetrically ellipsoid;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="ovary shape;ovary placentation;placenta development">placentation marginal, placenta developed only near base of ovary.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="fruits follicle coloration;fruits follicle coloration;fruits follicle course;fruits follicle architecture"><b>Fruits </b>follicles with transverse dehiscence, purplish red or brown, curved, furrowed.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="seed quantity;seed coloration"><b>Seeds </b>1, brown;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s20" data-properties="">aril absent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s21" data-properties="aril presence;x chromosome quantity">x = 6.</span><!--
+
--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Herbs,</b> perennial, deciduous, 2.5-5 dm, glabrous. <b>Rhizomes</b> extensive, branching, producing 1-few foliage leaves or flowering shoots per year. <b>Aerial</b> stems absent. <b>Leaves</b> basal, alternate, 3-foliolate; petiole long, slender. <b>Leaf</b> blade orbiculate in gross outline, 20-40 cm; leaflet blades fan-shaped, entire or lobed, lateral leaflet blades strongly asymmetric, margins entire to coarsely sinuate; venation palmate. <b>Inflorescences</b> terminal, dense scapose-pedunculate spikes of inconspicuous flowers. <b>Flowers</b> 3-merous, white to cream, 6 mm or less; bracteoles absent; sepals absent; petals absent; stamens 8-10(-13); anthers dehiscing by 2 apically hinged flaps; pollen exine striate; ovaries asymmetrically ellipsoid; placentation marginal, placenta developed only near base of ovary. <b>Fruits</b> follicles with transverse dehiscence, purplish red or brown, curved, furrowed. <b>Seeds</b> 1, brown; aril absent. <b>x</b> = 6.</span><!--
  
 
-->{{Treatment/Body
 
-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=North America;Asia (Japan)
+
|distribution=North America;Asia (Japan).
 
|discussion=<p>Species 3 (2 in the flora).</p><!--
 
|discussion=<p>Species 3 (2 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Achlys is of particular interest because of its amphi-Pacific disjunction. Despite the 8000 km or more disjunction, the taxa are remarkably similar in morphology, ecology, and karyology. Japanese populations are diploid; American populations are diploid and tetraploid.</p><!--
+
--><p><i>Achlys</i> is of particular interest because of its amphi-Pacific disjunction. Despite the 8000 km or more disjunction, the taxa are remarkably similar in morphology, ecology, and karyology. Japanese populations are diploid; American populations are diploid and tetraploid.</p><!--
 
--><p>Two species are recognized in this treatment; some researchers prefer to treat them as varieties. In the Californian portion of the range, some field botanists believe the two taxa are sufficiently morphologically distinct to be called species; farther north these differences are reportedly less apparent.</p>
 
--><p>Two species are recognized in this treatment; some researchers prefer to treat them as varieties. In the Californian portion of the range, some field botanists believe the two taxa are sufficiently morphologically distinct to be called species; farther north these differences are reportedly less apparent.</p>
 
|tables=
 
|tables=
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|basionyms=
 
|basionyms=
 
|family=Berberidaceae
 
|family=Berberidaceae
|distribution=North America;Asia (Japan)
+
|distribution=North America;Asia (Japan).
 
|reference=fukuda1967a;fukuda1970a
 
|reference=fukuda1967a;fukuda1970a
 
|publication title=Syst. Nat.
 
|publication title=Syst. Nat.
 
|publication year=1821
 
|publication year=1821
 
|special status=
 
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/287ef3db526bd807d435a3c7423ef2df1e951227/V3/V3_251.xml
+
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f6b125a955440c0872999024f038d74684f65921/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V3/V3_251.xml
 
|genus=Achlys
 
|genus=Achlys
|anther dehiscence=dehiscing
 
|aril presence=absent
 
|blade-leaf distance=20cm;40cm
 
|blade-leaf shape=orbiculate
 
|bracteole presence=absent
 
|flap quantity=2
 
|flower architecture=3-merous
 
|flower coloration=white;cream
 
|flower prominence=inconspicuous
 
|flower some measurement=less;6
 
|foliage leaf quantity=1;few
 
|fruits follicle architecture=furrowed
 
|fruits follicle coloration=brown;purplish red
 
|fruits follicle course=curved
 
|herb duration=deciduous;perennial
 
|herb pubescence=glabrous
 
|herb some measurement=2.5dm;5dm
 
|inflorescence position or structure subtype=terminal
 
|leaf architecture=3-foliolate
 
|leaf arrangement=alternate
 
|leaf position=basal
 
|leaflet blade architecture or shape=asymmetric
 
|leaflet blade shape=lobed;entire;fan--shaped
 
|margin architecture=palmate
 
|margin shape=entire;coarsely sinuate
 
|ovary placentation=marginal
 
|ovary shape=ellipsoid
 
|petal presence=absent
 
|petiole length or size=long
 
|petiole size=slender
 
|placenta development=developed
 
|pollen exine coloration or pubescence or relief=striate
 
|rhizome architecture=branching
 
|rhizome size=extensive
 
|seed coloration=brown
 
|seed quantity=1
 
|sepal presence=absent
 
|shoot life cycle=flowering
 
|spike architecture=scapose-pedunculate
 
|spike density=dense
 
|stamen atypical quantity=10;13
 
|stamen quantity=8;10
 
|stem location=aerial
 
|stem presence=absent
 
|x chromosome quantity=6
 
 
}}<!--
 
}}<!--
  
 
-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Berberidaceae]]
 
-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Berberidaceae]]

Revision as of 19:53, 24 September 2019

Herbs, perennial, deciduous, 2.5-5 dm, glabrous. Rhizomes extensive, branching, producing 1-few foliage leaves or flowering shoots per year. Aerial stems absent. Leaves basal, alternate, 3-foliolate; petiole long, slender. Leaf blade orbiculate in gross outline, 20-40 cm; leaflet blades fan-shaped, entire or lobed, lateral leaflet blades strongly asymmetric, margins entire to coarsely sinuate; venation palmate. Inflorescences terminal, dense scapose-pedunculate spikes of inconspicuous flowers. Flowers 3-merous, white to cream, 6 mm or less; bracteoles absent; sepals absent; petals absent; stamens 8-10(-13); anthers dehiscing by 2 apically hinged flaps; pollen exine striate; ovaries asymmetrically ellipsoid; placentation marginal, placenta developed only near base of ovary. Fruits follicles with transverse dehiscence, purplish red or brown, curved, furrowed. Seeds 1, brown; aril absent. x = 6.

Distribution

North America, Asia (Japan).

Discussion

Species 3 (2 in the flora).

Achlys is of particular interest because of its amphi-Pacific disjunction. Despite the 8000 km or more disjunction, the taxa are remarkably similar in morphology, ecology, and karyology. Japanese populations are diploid; American populations are diploid and tetraploid.

Two species are recognized in this treatment; some researchers prefer to treat them as varieties. In the Californian portion of the range, some field botanists believe the two taxa are sufficiently morphologically distinct to be called species; farther north these differences are reportedly less apparent.

Key

1 Central leaflet blade 4–11 cm, distal margins (1–)3–4(–8)-lobed; stamens 3–4 mm; follicles red-purple. Achlys triphylla
1 Central leaflet blade ca. 7–16 cm, distal margins (3–)6–9(–12)-lobed; stamens 3.8–6 mm; follicles brown. Achlys californica