Difference between revisions of "Anulocaulis"

Standley

Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 12: 374. 1909.

Common names: Ringstem
Etymology: Latin anulus, ring, and caule, stem, in reference to the sticky internodal rings
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 4. Treatment on page 28. Mentioned on page 14, 17, 2.
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--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="herb height or length or size;herb duration;herb duration;herb duration;herb fragility or size;herb pubescence;herb pubescence;herb pubescence;slender and or taproot texture;slender and or taproot size;slender and or taproot texture"><b>Herbs,</b> usually short to long-lived perennial, occasionally annual, stout, pubescent to glabrate, from slender and spongy or massive and woody taproots.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="stem orientation;stem orientation;stem orientation;stem architecture;band coating"><b>Stems </b>erect to ascending, unarmed, with glutinous bands on internodes.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="leaf size;leaf length or size;leaf architecture;leaf width;leaf texture;base architecture or shape"><b>Leaves </b>in pairs, ± equal in size in each pair, long petiolate, thick and fleshy, base ± symmetric.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="inflorescence position or structure subtype;inflorescence architecture;inflorescence arrangement;flower arrangement"><b>Inflorescences </b>terminal, pedunculate, widely paniculate, flowers ultimately borne singly, in subumbellate clusters, or in glomerules;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="bract duration;bract size;bract count;bract fusion;bract size;bract shape;bract coloration;bract coloration">bracts persistent, not accrescent, 1–2 at base of pedicel, distinct, minute, lanceolate, dark, opaque.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="flower reproduction;flower reproduction"><b>Flowers </b>bisexual, chasmogamous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="perianth architecture or shape;perianth architecture or shape;perianth shape;perianth size;tube shape;tube shape;tube shape">perianth radially symmetric or slightly bilaterally symmetric, tubular-funnelform, constricted beyond ovary, tube abruptly flared to 5-lobed limb;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="stamen count;stamen count;stamen position">stamens 3 or 5, exserted;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="">styles exserted beyond stamens;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="stigma architecture">stigmas peltate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="fruit shape;fruit shape;fruit size;apex shape;apex texture;apex relief;apex relief;apex pubescence;apex shape;apex shape;apex architecture or pubescence or relief;apex architecture or pubescence or relief;rib count;rib size or width;between angles and flange rib position;between angles and flange rib count;low count;rib arrangement or course or shape;equatorial low architecture;ridge arrangement or course or shape;ridge architecture;ridge pubescence"><b>Fruits </b>biturbinate or fusiform, constricted beyond base, apex umbonate, stiffly coriaceous, smooth or irregularly wrinkled, glabrous, with 10 narrow ribs and an equatorial flange or wing, or 5-angulate with a low rib between angles and no equatorial flange, or fusiform and smooth or with 10 low, linear ribs and sometimes with incomplete equatorial low, linear ridge, eglandular or glandular-puberulent.</span><!--
+
--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Herbs,</b> usually short- to long-lived perennial, occasionally annual, stout, pubescent to glabrate, from slender and spongy or massive and woody taproots. <b>Stems</b> erect to ascending, unarmed, with glutinous bands on internodes. <b>Leaves</b> in pairs, ± equal in size in each pair, long petiolate, thick and fleshy, base ± symmetric. <b>Inflorescences</b> terminal, pedunculate, widely paniculate, flowers ultimately borne singly, in subumbellate clusters, or in glomerules; bracts persistent, not accrescent, 1–2 at base of pedicel, distinct, minute, lanceolate, dark, opaque. <b>Flowers</b> bisexual, chasmogamous; perianth radially symmetric or slightly bilaterally symmetric, tubular-funnelform, constricted beyond ovary, tube abruptly flared to 5-lobed limb; stamens 3 or 5, exserted; styles exserted beyond stamens; stigmas peltate. <b>Fruits</b> biturbinate or fusiform, constricted beyond base, apex umbonate, stiffly coriaceous, smooth or irregularly wrinkled, glabrous, with 10 narrow ribs and an equatorial flange or wing, or 5-angulate with a low rib between angles and no equatorial flange, or fusiform and smooth or with 10 low, linear ribs and sometimes with incomplete equatorial low, linear ridge, eglandular or glandular-puberulent.</span><!--
  
 
-->{{Treatment/Body
 
-->{{Treatment/Body
 
|distribution=sw United States;n Mexico.
 
|distribution=sw United States;n Mexico.
 
|discussion=<p>Species 5 (4 in the flora).</p><!--
 
|discussion=<p>Species 5 (4 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Species of Anulocaulis have been considered to belong in a broadly circumscribed Boerhavia, the western A. annulatus most recently so in regional treatments. F. R. Fosberg (1978) argued for an inclusive Boerhavia, and suggested that workers emphasizing differences might wish to recognize segregate genera, as is done in this work.</p><!--
+
--><p>Species of <i>Anulocaulis</i> have been considered to belong in a broadly circumscribed <i>Boerhavia</i>, the western <i>A. annulatus</i> most recently so in regional treatments. F. R. Fosberg (1978) argued for an inclusive <i>Boerhavia</i>, and suggested that workers emphasizing differences might wish to recognize segregate genera, as is done in this work.</p><!--
--><p>Flowers of Anulocaulis, particularly in those species with large ones, are slightly bilaterally symmetric because of curvature of the tube, variation in the amount of curvature of the limb, and the downward sweep of the stamens and the style.</p>
+
--><p>Flowers of <i>Anulocaulis</i>, particularly in those species with large ones, are slightly bilaterally symmetric because of curvature of the tube, variation in the amount of curvature of the limb, and the downward sweep of the stamens and the style.</p>
 
|tables=
 
|tables=
 
|references={{Treatment/Reference
 
|references={{Treatment/Reference
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|publication year=1909
 
|publication year=1909
 
|special status=
 
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/287ef3db526bd807d435a3c7423ef2df1e951227/V4/V4_44.xml
+
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/bb6b7e3a7de7d3b7888a1ad48c7fd8f5c722d8d6/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V4/V4_44.xml
 
|genus=Anulocaulis
 
|genus=Anulocaulis
|apex architecture or pubescence or relief=with 10 low;smooth
 
|apex pubescence=glabrous
 
|apex relief=wrinkled;smooth
 
|apex shape=fusiform;5-angulate;umbonate
 
|apex texture=coriaceous
 
|band coating=glutinous
 
|base architecture or shape=symmetric
 
|between angles and flange rib count=no
 
|between angles and flange rib position=low
 
|bract coloration=opaque;dark
 
|bract count=1;2
 
|bract duration=persistent
 
|bract fusion=distinct
 
|bract shape=lanceolate
 
|bract size=minute;not accrescent
 
|equatorial low architecture=incomplete
 
|flower arrangement=singly
 
|flower reproduction=chasmogamous;bisexual
 
|fruit shape=fusiform;biturbinate
 
|fruit size=constricted
 
|herb duration=annual;perennial;long-lived
 
|herb fragility or size=stout
 
|herb height or length or size=short
 
|herb pubescence=pubescent;glabrate
 
|inflorescence architecture=pedunculate
 
|inflorescence arrangement=paniculate
 
|inflorescence position or structure subtype=terminal
 
|leaf architecture=petiolate
 
|leaf length or size=long
 
|leaf size=equal
 
|leaf texture=fleshy
 
|leaf width=thick
 
|low count=10
 
|perianth architecture or shape=symmetric;symmetric
 
|perianth shape=tubular-funnelform
 
|perianth size=constricted
 
|rib arrangement or course or shape=linear
 
|rib count=10
 
|rib size or width=narrow
 
|ridge architecture=eglandular
 
|ridge arrangement or course or shape=linear
 
|ridge pubescence=glandular-puberulent
 
|slender and or taproot size=massive
 
|slender and or taproot texture=woody;spongy
 
|stamen count=5;3
 
|stamen position=exserted
 
|stem architecture=unarmed
 
|stem orientation=erect;ascending
 
|stigma architecture=peltate
 
|tube shape=abruptly flared;5-lobed
 
 
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-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Nyctaginaceae]]
 
-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Nyctaginaceae]]

Revision as of 23:15, 27 May 2020

Herbs, usually short- to long-lived perennial, occasionally annual, stout, pubescent to glabrate, from slender and spongy or massive and woody taproots. Stems erect to ascending, unarmed, with glutinous bands on internodes. Leaves in pairs, ± equal in size in each pair, long petiolate, thick and fleshy, base ± symmetric. Inflorescences terminal, pedunculate, widely paniculate, flowers ultimately borne singly, in subumbellate clusters, or in glomerules; bracts persistent, not accrescent, 1–2 at base of pedicel, distinct, minute, lanceolate, dark, opaque. Flowers bisexual, chasmogamous; perianth radially symmetric or slightly bilaterally symmetric, tubular-funnelform, constricted beyond ovary, tube abruptly flared to 5-lobed limb; stamens 3 or 5, exserted; styles exserted beyond stamens; stigmas peltate. Fruits biturbinate or fusiform, constricted beyond base, apex umbonate, stiffly coriaceous, smooth or irregularly wrinkled, glabrous, with 10 narrow ribs and an equatorial flange or wing, or 5-angulate with a low rib between angles and no equatorial flange, or fusiform and smooth or with 10 low, linear ribs and sometimes with incomplete equatorial low, linear ridge, eglandular or glandular-puberulent.

Distribution

sw United States, n Mexico.

Discussion

Species 5 (4 in the flora).

Species of Anulocaulis have been considered to belong in a broadly circumscribed Boerhavia, the western A. annulatus most recently so in regional treatments. F. R. Fosberg (1978) argued for an inclusive Boerhavia, and suggested that workers emphasizing differences might wish to recognize segregate genera, as is done in this work.

Flowers of Anulocaulis, particularly in those species with large ones, are slightly bilaterally symmetric because of curvature of the tube, variation in the amount of curvature of the limb, and the downward sweep of the stamens and the style.

Key

1 Perianth 8-10 mm, tube externally villous; fruits without prominent equatorial ridges (sometimes faint in Anulocaulis annulatus) > 2
1 Perianth 9-35 mm, tube glabrous or minutely pubescent at edge; fruits with prominent equatorial flange > 3
2 Flowers 5-15 in umbel-like clusters; fruits broadly fusiform, with 10 narrow, well- defined linear ribs Anulocaulis annulatus
2 Flowers usually borne singly; fruits turbinate, bluntly 5-angled, ribs indefinite Anulocaulis eriosolenus
3 Perianth lobes flared but not reflexed; perianth 25-35 mm Anulocaulis leiosolenus
3 Perianth lobes sharply reflexed; perianth 9-10 mm Anulocaulis reflexus