FNA>Volume Importer |
FNA>Volume Importer |
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| | {{Treatment/ID | | {{Treatment/ID |
| − | |accepted_name=Balsamorhiza | + | |accepted_name=Allium falcifolium |
| − | |accepted_authority=Hooker ex Nuttall | + | |accepted_authority=Hooker & Arnott |
| | |publications={{Treatment/Publication | | |publications={{Treatment/Publication |
| − | |title=Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n. s. | + | |title=Bot. Beechey Voy., |
| − | |place=7: 349. 1840 | + | |place=400. 1841 |
| − | |year=1840 | + | |year=1841 |
| | }} | | }} |
| − | |common_names=Balsamroot
| |
| | |basionyms= | | |basionyms= |
| − | |synonyms= | + | |synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym |
| − | |hierarchy=Asteraceae;Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae;Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Ecliptinae;Balsamorhiza | + | |name=Allium breweri |
| − | |hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[ Asteraceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small> tribe</small>[[Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subtribe</small>[[ Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Ecliptinae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small> genus</small>[[ Balsamorhiza]]</div></div> | + | |authority=S. Watson |
| − | |etymology=Greek balsamon, a fragrant gum, and rhiza, root; alluding to resiniferous rootstocks
| + | }} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym |
| − | |volume=Volume 21 | + | |name=Allium falcifolium var. breweri |
| − | |mention_page=page 65, 95, 100 | + | |authority=(S. Watson) M. E. Jones |
| − | |treatment_page=page 93 | + | }} |
| | + | |hierarchy=Liliaceae;Allium;Allium falcifolium |
| | + | |hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[ Liliaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small> genus</small>[[ Allium]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small> species</small>[[ Allium falcifolium]]</div></div> |
| | + | |volume=Volume 26 |
| | + | |mention_page=page 233, 274 |
| | + | |treatment_page=page 275 |
| | }}<!-- | | }}<!-- |
| | | | |
| − | --><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Perennials,</b> 10–45(–100) cm (taproots slender or massive, thick- or thin-barked; caudices unbranched or multibranched). <b>Stems</b> erect, branched mostly from bases. <b>Leaves</b> mostly basal; opposite or alternate; petiolate (bases persisting as fibrils); blades (mostly pinnately nerved, sometimes 3- or 5-nerved) either rounded-deltate to triangular-deltate with bases sagittate or cordate to truncate and margins entire or crenate (<i>B. </i>subg.<i> Artorhiza</i>), or blades mostly elliptic, ovate, or lanceolate to lance-ovate or oblong and often 1–2-pinnatifid or -pinnately lobed with bases mostly truncate to cuneate and (if not lobed) margins usually crenate, dentate, or serrate, seldom entire (<i>B. </i>subg.<i> Balsamorhiza</i>), faces usually hirsute, hispid, pilose, puberulent, scabrous, sericeous, strigose, tomentose, or velutinous and gland-dotted or stipitate-glandular, seldom glabrous. <b>Heads</b> radiate, usually borne singly, rarely (2–3+) in ± corymbiform to racemiform arrays (peduncles ± scapiform, usually bearing 2+ leaves or bracts proximally or at mid length). <b>Involucres</b> mostly campanulate or turbinate to hemispheric, 11–30+ mm diam. <b>Phyllaries</b> persistent, 8–20+ in 2–3+ series (subequal to unequal, outer equaling or surpassing inner). <b>Receptacles</b> flat to convex, paleate (paleae persistent, conduplicate, at least at bases, chartaceous). <b>Ray</b> florets 5–21+, pistillate, fertile; corollas usually yellow to orange, rarely becoming brick red (<i>B. rosea</i>). <b>Disc</b> florets (15–)50–150+, bisexual, fertile; corollas yellow to orange, tubes much shorter than cylindric throats, lobes 5, ± deltate (style branches stigmatic in 2 barely distinct lines, appendages filiform). <b>Cypselae</b> obscurely prismatic, weakly 3–4-angled (faces usually glabrous, strigose in some <i>B. careyana</i> and in <i>B. rosea</i>); pappi 0. <b>x</b> = 19.</span><!-- | + | --><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Bulbs </b>1–5+, not clustered on stout primary rhizomes, rhizomes absent, increase bulbs absent or ± equaling parent bulbs, never appearing as basal cluster, ovoid, 1.5–2.5 × 1–1.8 cm; outer coats enclosing renewal and increase bulbs, brown to reddish brown, membranous, lacking cellular reticulation or cells arranged in only 2–3 rows distal to roots, ± quadrate, without fibers; inner coats white or pink, cells obscure, ± quadrate. <b>Leaves</b> usually deciduous with scape, withering from tip at anthesis, 2, basally sheathing, sheaths not extending much above soil surface; blade solid, flat, falcate, 8–21 cm × 2–8 mm, margins entire. <b>Scape</b> usually forming abcission layer and deciduous with leaves after seeds mature, frequently breaking at this level after pressing, solitary, erect, solid, strongly flattened, winged distally, 5–25 cm × 1–4 mm. <b>Umbel</b> persistent, erect, compact to ± loose, 10–30-flowered, hemispheric, bulbils unknown; spathe bracts persistent, 2, 6–9-veined, lanceolate, ± equal, apex acuminate. <b>Flowers</b> conic to campanulate, 9–15 mm; tepals erect, reddish purple or dingy white, lanceolate, ± equal, rigid and membranous in fruit, at least inner margins denticulate with minute glands, apex long-acuminate; stamens included; anthers purple or yellow; pollen yellow or white; ovary crested; processes 3, central, low, rounded, broad, margins entire; style linear, equaling stamens; stigma capitate, unlobed; pedicel 8–15 mm. <b>Seed</b> coat dull; cells ± smooth. <b>2n</b> = 14.</span><!-- |
| | | | |
| | -->{{Treatment/Body | | -->{{Treatment/Body |
| − | |distribution=w North America. | + | |phenology=Flowering Apr–Jun. |
| − | |discussion=<p>Species 12 (12 in the flora).</p><!-- | + | |habitat=Heavy, rocky, clay soils, including serpentine |
| − | --><p><i>Balsamorhiza</i> ×bonseri H. St. John refers to a hybrid derivative involving <i>B. sagittata</i> and <i>B. rosea</i>. The plants have the habit of <i>B. sagittata</i> and the reddish ray corollas of <i>B. rosea</i>. The cypselae are hairy.</p><!--
| + | |elevation=100–2100 m |
| − | --><p><i>Balsamorhiza</i> ×terebinthacea (Hooker) Nuttall and <i>B. macrophylla</i> var. terebinthacea (Hooker) A. Nelson refer to hybrids derived from <i>B. hookeri</i> × <i>B. deltoidea</i>.</p><!--
| + | |distribution=Calif.;Oreg. |
| − | --><p>In the key and descriptions here, “leaves” refers to basal leaves and “leaf blades” refers to blades of basal leaves, unless otherwise indicated.</p>
| |
| | |tables= | | |tables= |
| − | |references={{Treatment/Reference | + | |references= |
| − | |id=moore2003a
| |
| − | |text=Moore, A. J. and L. Bohs. 2003. An ITS phylogeny of Balsamorhiza and Wyethia (Asteraceae: Heliantheae). Amer. J. Bot. 90: 1653–1660.
| |
| − | }}{{Treatment/Reference
| |
| − | |id=ownbey1943a
| |
| − | |text=Ownbey, M. and W. A. Weber. 1943. Natural hybridization in the genus Balsamorhiza. Amer. J. Bot. 30: 179–187.
| |
| − | }}{{Treatment/Reference
| |
| − | |id=weber1953a
| |
| − | |text=Weber, W. A. 1953. Balsamorhiza terebinthacea and other hybrid balsam-roots. Madroño 12: 47–49.
| |
| − | }}
| |
| | }}<!-- | | }}<!-- |
| | | | |
| − | --><div class="treatment-key"> | + | --><!-- |
| − | ==Key==
| |
| − | <div class="treatment-key-group">
| |
| − |
| |
| − | {| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
| |
| − | |-id=key-0-1
| |
| − | |1
| |
| − | |Leaves (petioles mostly longer than blades): blades rounded-deltate or deltate to triangular-deltate, bases sagittate or cordate to truncate, margins usually entire, sometimes crenate to dentate (subg. Artorhiza)
| |
| − | |[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
| |
| − | |-id=key-0-1
| |
| − | |1
| |
| − | |Leaves (petioles mostly shorter than blades): blades mostly lanceolate, lance-elliptic, lance-ovate, linear-oblong, oblong, or ovate, often 1–2-pinnatifid or -pinnately lobed, bases usually truncate to cuneate, sometimes cordate, ultimate margins usually crenate, dentate, or serrate, seldom entire (subg. Balsamorhiza)
| |
| − | |[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
| |
| − | |-id=key-0-2
| |
| − | |2
| |
| − | |Heads usually borne singly, sometimes 2–3+; leaves ± silvery to white, faces (at least the abaxial) sericeous, tomentose, tomentulose, or velutinous
| |
| − | |[[Balsamorhiza sagittata|Balsamorhiza sagittata]]
| |
| − | |-id=key-0-2
| |
| − | |2
| |
| − | |Heads 2–3+ or borne singly; leaves green, faces glabrous or finely hispidulous to hirtellous
| |
| − | |[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
| |
| − | |-id=key-0-3
| |
| − | |3
| |
| − | |Heads usually (2–)3+, sometimes borne singly; leaf margins usually entire, sometimes crenate (to dentate near bases), faces usually finely hispidulous to hirtellous (cypselae strigose or glabrous)
| |
| − | |[[Balsamorhiza careyana|Balsamorhiza careyana]]
| |
| − | |-id=key-0-3
| |
| − | |3
| |
| − | |Heads usually borne singly, sometimes 2+; leaf margins usually crenate to dentate (at least near bases), sometimes entire, faces usually sparsely hirtellous to hispidulous, sometimes glabrous (usually gland-dotted, sometimes vernicose; cypselae glabrous)
| |
| − | |[[Balsamorhiza deltoidea|Balsamorhiza deltoidea]]
| |
| − | |-id=key-0-4
| |
| − | |4
| |
| − | |Leaf blades sometimes pinnately lobed (ultimate margins usually crenate-serrate, dentate, or serrate)
| |
| − | |[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
| |
| − | |-id=key-0-4
| |
| − | |4
| |
| − | |Leaf blades usually 1–2-pinnatifid
| |
| − | |[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
| |
| − | |-id=key-0-5
| |
| − | |5
| |
| − | |Leaf blades (earliest sometimes, later seldom, pinnately lobed): margins usually dentate to serrate, faces hirsutulous to scabrous (ray corollas yellow, not becoming red or chartaceous; cypselae glabrous)
| |
| − | |[[Balsamorhiza serrata|Balsamorhiza serrata]]
| |
| − | |-id=key-0-5
| |
| − | |5
| |
| − | |Leaf blades (rarely pinnately lobed): margins crenate-serrate, faces finely strigose to moderately scabrous (ray corollas yellow at anthesis, becoming red, drying pinkand chartaceous; cypselae strigose)
| |
| − | |[[Balsamorhiza rosea|Balsamorhiza rosea]]
| |
| − | |-id=key-0-6
| |
| − | |6
| |
| − | |Leaves grayish, silvery, or white, faces lanate-tomentose, sericeous, tomentose, or villous
| |
| − | |[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
| |
| − | |-id=key-0-6
| |
| − | |6
| |
| − | |Leaves bright green to gray-green, faces glabrous or hirsute, hirtellous, hispid, hispidulous, pilose, piloso-hirtellous, scabrous, sericeous, strigillose, strigose, subvelutinous, or tomentose (sometimes gland-dotted as well)
| |
| − | |[[#key-0-9| > 9]]
| |
| − | |-id=key-0-7
| |
| − | |7
| |
| − | |Leaves: faces densely sericeous; n California, s Oregon
| |
| − | |[[Balsamorhiza sericea|Balsamorhiza sericea]]
| |
| − | |-id=key-0-7
| |
| − | |7
| |
| − | |Leaves: faces lanate-tomentose, tomentose, or villous; n California, Oregon, Washington
| |
| − | |[[#key-0-8| > 8]]
| |
| − | |-id=key-0-8
| |
| − | |8
| |
| − | |Leaf blades ovate to lanceolate, 10–45 × 3–7(–10) cm (1-pinnatifid, lobes ovate to lanceolate, 20–50 × 5–25 mm), margins plane; Oregon, Washington
| |
| − | |[[Balsamorhiza incana|Balsamorhiza incana]]
| |
| − | |-id=key-0-8
| |
| − | |8
| |
| − | |Leaf blades lanceolate to linear-oblong, 10–20 × 3–6(–8) cm (1–2-pinnatifid, primary lobes lance-linear to oblong, 5–40 × 1–10 mm, margins revo-lute); n California
| |
| − | |[[Balsamorhiza lanata|Balsamorhiza lanata]]
| |
| − | |-id=key-0-9
| |
| − | |9
| |
| − | |Leaf blades 30–60 cm, 1-pinnatifid or nearly so; outer phyllaries usually much surpassing inner
| |
| − | |[[#key-0-10| > 10]]
| |
| − | |-id=key-0-9
| |
| − | |9
| |
| − | |Leaf blades 6–40 cm, usually 1–2-pinnatifid; outer phyllaries seldom surpassing inner
| |
| − | |[[#key-0-11| > 11]]
| |
| − | |-id=key-0-10
| |
| − | |10
| |
| − | |Leaves: faces strigillose to subvelutinous or tomentose (margins not cili-ate); ray laminae 20–30+ mm
| |
| − | |[[Balsamorhiza macrolepis|Balsamorhiza macrolepis]]
| |
| − | |-id=key-0-10
| |
| − | |10
| |
| − | |Leaves: faces scabrous or piloso-hirtellous to pilose (at least adaxial, mar- gins ciliate); ray laminae 35–50+ mm
| |
| − | |[[Balsamorhiza macrophylla|Balsamorhiza macrophylla]]
| |
| − | |-id=key-0-11
| |
| − | |11
| |
| − | |Leaf blades bright green, lance-elliptic to lanceolate, (6–)15–25(–40) × (3–)5–9+ cm (primary lobes lanceolate to oblanceolate, 10–45 × 2–15 mm),faces hispidulous to hirtellous
| |
| − | |[[Balsamorhiza hispidula|Balsamorhiza hispidula]]
| |
| − | |-id=key-0-11
| |
| − | |11
| |
| − | |Leaf blades usually gray-green, narrowly to broadly lanceolate or ovate, (8–)20–30(–40) × 2–15 cm (primary lobes oblong or lanceolate to linear, 5–100 × 0.5–15 mm), faces hirsute, sericeous, or strigose
| |
| − | |[[Balsamorhiza hookeri|Balsamorhiza hookeri]]
| |
| − | |}
| |
| − | </div></div><!--
| |
| | | | |
| | -->{{#Taxon: | | -->{{#Taxon: |
| − | name=Balsamorhiza | + | name=Allium falcifolium |
| − | |author=William A. Weber | + | |author= |
| − | |authority=Hooker ex Nuttall | + | |authority=Hooker & Arnott |
| − | |rank=genus | + | |rank=species |
| − | |parent rank=subtribe | + | |parent rank=genus |
| − | |synonyms= | + | |synonyms=Allium breweri;Allium falcifolium var. breweri |
| | |basionyms= | | |basionyms= |
| − | |family=Asteraceae | + | |family=Liliaceae |
| − | |illustrator=John Myers | + | |phenology=Flowering Apr–Jun. |
| − | |distribution=w North America. | + | |habitat=Heavy, rocky, clay soils, including serpentine |
| − | |reference=moore2003a;ownbey1943a;weber1953a | + | |elevation=100–2100 m |
| − | |publication title=Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n. s. | + | |distribution=Calif.;Oreg. |
| − | |publication year=1840 | + | |reference=None |
| | + | |publication title=Bot. Beechey Voy., |
| | + | |publication year=1841 |
| | |special status= | | |special status= |
| − | |source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f6b125a955440c0872999024f038d74684f65921/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V19-20-21/V21_217.xml | + | |source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f6b125a955440c0872999024f038d74684f65921/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V26/V26_522.xml |
| − | |tribe=Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae | + | |genus=Allium |
| − | |subtribe=Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Ecliptinae | + | |species=Allium falcifolium |
| − | |genus=Balsamorhiza
| |
| | }}<!-- | | }}<!-- |
| | | | |
| − | -->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Ecliptinae]] | + | -->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Allium]] |
Bulbs 1–5+, not clustered on stout primary rhizomes, rhizomes absent, increase bulbs absent or ± equaling parent bulbs, never appearing as basal cluster, ovoid, 1.5–2.5 × 1–1.8 cm; outer coats enclosing renewal and increase bulbs, brown to reddish brown, membranous, lacking cellular reticulation or cells arranged in only 2–3 rows distal to roots, ± quadrate, without fibers; inner coats white or pink, cells obscure, ± quadrate. Leaves usually deciduous with scape, withering from tip at anthesis, 2, basally sheathing, sheaths not extending much above soil surface; blade solid, flat, falcate, 8–21 cm × 2–8 mm, margins entire. Scape usually forming abcission layer and deciduous with leaves after seeds mature, frequently breaking at this level after pressing, solitary, erect, solid, strongly flattened, winged distally, 5–25 cm × 1–4 mm. Umbel persistent, erect, compact to ± loose, 10–30-flowered, hemispheric, bulbils unknown; spathe bracts persistent, 2, 6–9-veined, lanceolate, ± equal, apex acuminate. Flowers conic to campanulate, 9–15 mm; tepals erect, reddish purple or dingy white, lanceolate, ± equal, rigid and membranous in fruit, at least inner margins denticulate with minute glands, apex long-acuminate; stamens included; anthers purple or yellow; pollen yellow or white; ovary crested; processes 3, central, low, rounded, broad, margins entire; style linear, equaling stamens; stigma capitate, unlobed; pedicel 8–15 mm. Seed coat dull; cells ± smooth. 2n = 14.
Phenology: Flowering Apr–Jun.
Habitat: Heavy, rocky, clay soils, including serpentine
Elevation: 100–2100 m
Distribution
Calif., Oreg.
Discussion
Selected References
None.
