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| − | --><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="plants stem succulent architecture;plants stem succulent position;plants stem succulent location"><b>Plants </b>stem succulents, unbranched [to several branched from base], mostly low and deep-seated in substrate [taller in Mexican species].</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="root density"><b>Roots </b>diffuse.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="stem architecture;stem coloration;stem coloration;stem shape;stem shape;stem atypical length;stem atypical length;stem length;stem atypical width;stem width;stem coloration;tuft count;tuft some measurement;hair density;hair coloration;hair architecture"><b>Stem </b>unsegmented, dark green or gray-green, hemispheric or depressed-spheric [to spheric or short cylindric], (2.5–) 6–15 (–60) [–100] × 6–10 (–20) cm, speckled [or entirely hidden] by numerous tufts of dense, whitish, multicellular hairs less than 0.5 mm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="rib atypical count;rib count;crest architecture;crest course;crest width;crest shape;crest shape">ribs [4–] 8–10, crests uninterrupted, straight [to sinuous and/or helically curving around stem], broad and nearly flat or rounded [sharp or keeled];</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="areole fusion;areole atypical some measurement;areole atypical some measurement;areole some measurement;areole arrangement;areole arrangement or shape">areoles distinct, [2–] 6–9 [–20] mm apart along ribs, circular;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="areolar gland count">areolar glands absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="cortex texture;cortex coating;pith texture;pith coating">cortex and pith hard, not mucilaginous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="spine count"><b>Spines </b>absent [1–25 per areole in some Mexican species].</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="flower duration;flower shape;flower atypical length;flower length;flower atypical width;flower width"><b>Flowers </b>diurnal, near stem apex, at adaxial edge of areoles, funnelform, 4.5–5.4 [–8] × 3.8–5.2 [–6] cm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="inner tepal coloration;inner tepal coloration;inner tepal length;inner tepal atypical width;inner tepal width;margin architecture or shape">inner tepals yellow, proximally red [all yellow], 25 × 6–10 [–12] mm, margins entire;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="ovary architecture or pubescence;axil length;axil pubescence;trichome pubescence;distal scale architecture or shape">ovary sparsely to densely scaly, axils spineless long hairy with arachnoid trichomes, distal scales spine-tipped;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="stigma lobe atypical count;stigma lobe count;stigma lobe coloration;stigma lobe some measurement">stigma lobes [8–] 10–12, yellow [pale yellowish], 4 mm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="fruit dehiscence;fruit dehiscence;fruit coloration;fruit coloration;fruit coloration;fruit coloration;fruit shape;fruit shape;fruit shape;fruit length;fruit width;fruit texture;fruit condition;fruit architecture or pubescence;scale architecture or shape"><b>Fruits </b>indehiscent or splitting irregularly, green or pinkish to red, ovoid to spheric, 15–20 × 12 mm, initially fleshy, drying immediately after ripening, sparsely to densely scaly with spine-tipped scales;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="axil length or size;axil pubescence;axil architecture">axils of scales long woolly, spineless;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="floral remnant duration">floral remnant persistent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="seed coloration;seed coloration;seed coloration;seed architecture;seed shape;seed dimension;seed architecture or pubescence or relief;rim size;rim shape or vernation;hilum prominence"><b>Seeds </b>dark-brown to blackish, appearing hollow or bowl-shaped from strongly expanded, inrolled rim around sunken hilum, 2–3 mm in greatest dimension, nearly smooth;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="">testa cells very slightly convex.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="testa cell shape;x chromosome count">x = 11.</span><!-- | + | --><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>stem succulents, unbranched [to several branched from base], mostly low and deep-seated in substrate [taller in Mexican species]. <b>Roots</b> diffuse. <b>Stem</b> unsegmented, dark green or gray-green, hemispheric or depressed-spheric [to spheric or short cylindric], (2.5–)6–15(–60)[–100] × 6–10(–20) cm, speckled [or entirely hidden] by numerous tufts of dense, whitish, multicellular hairs less than 0.5 mm; ribs [4–]8–10, crests uninterrupted, straight [to sinuous and/or helically curving around stem], broad and nearly flat or rounded [sharp or keeled]; areoles distinct, [2–]6–9[–20] mm apart along ribs, circular; areolar glands absent; cortex and pith hard, not mucilaginous. <b>Spines</b> absent [1–25 per areole in some Mexican species]. <b>Flowers</b> diurnal, near stem apex, at adaxial edge of areoles, funnelform, 4.5–5.4[–8] × 3.8–5.2[–6] cm; inner tepals yellow, proximally red [all yellow], 25 × 6–10[–12] mm, margins entire; ovary sparsely to densely scaly, axils spineless long hairy with arachnoid trichomes, distal scales spine-tipped; stigma lobes [8–]10–12, yellow [pale yellowish], 4 mm. <b>Fruits</b> indehiscent or splitting irregularly, green or pinkish to red, ovoid to spheric, 15–20 × 12 mm, initially fleshy, drying immediately after ripening, sparsely to densely scaly with spine-tipped scales; axils of scales long woolly, spineless; floral remnant persistent. <b>Seeds</b> dark brown to blackish, appearing hollow or bowl-shaped from strongly expanded, inrolled rim around sunken hilum, 2–3 mm in greatest dimension, nearly smooth; testa cells very slightly convex. <b>x</b> = 11.</span><!-- |
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| | -->{{Treatment/Body | | -->{{Treatment/Body |
| | |distribution=sw United States;Mexico. | | |distribution=sw United States;Mexico. |
| | |discussion=<p>Species 4–5 (1 in the flora).</p><!-- | | |discussion=<p>Species 4–5 (1 in the flora).</p><!-- |
| − | --><p>Astrophytum is most often recognized as a distinct genus. Chloroplast DNA evidence (C. A. Butterworth et al. 2002), however, confirms that it is among the closest relatives of Echinocactus. Unlike Echinocactus, the stem surfaces of Astrophytum species are speckled by numerous tiny white tufts of minute, matted hairs in addition to the regularly spaced woolly areoles.</p> | + | --><p><i>Astrophytum</i> is most often recognized as a distinct genus. Chloroplast DNA evidence (C. A. Butterworth et al. 2002), however, confirms that it is among the closest relatives of <i>Echinocactus</i>. Unlike <i>Echinocactus</i>, the stem surfaces of <i>Astrophytum</i> species are speckled by numerous tiny white tufts of minute, matted hairs in addition to the regularly spaced woolly areoles.</p> |
| | |tables= | | |tables= |
| | |references= | | |references= |
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| | |publication year=1839 | | |publication year=1839 |
| | |special status= | | |special status= |
| − | |source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/287ef3db526bd807d435a3c7423ef2df1e951227/V4/V4_359.xml | + | |source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V4/V4_359.xml |
| | |subfamily=Cactaceae subfam. Cactoideae | | |subfamily=Cactaceae subfam. Cactoideae |
| | |genus=Astrophytum | | |genus=Astrophytum |
| − | |areolar gland count=absent
| |
| − | |areole arrangement=apart
| |
| − | |areole arrangement or shape=circular
| |
| − | |areole atypical some measurement=9mm;20mm
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| − | |areole fusion=distinct
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| − | |areole some measurement=6mm;9mm
| |
| − | |axil architecture=spineless
| |
| − | |axil length=spineless
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| − | |axil length or size=long
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| − | |axil pubescence=woolly;hairy
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| − | |cortex coating=not mucilaginous
| |
| − | |cortex texture=hard
| |
| − | |crest architecture=uninterrupted
| |
| − | |crest course=straight
| |
| − | |crest shape=rounded;flat
| |
| − | |crest width=broad
| |
| − | |distal scale architecture or shape=spine-tipped
| |
| − | |floral remnant duration=persistent
| |
| − | |flower atypical length=5.4cm;8cm
| |
| − | |flower atypical width=5.2cm;6cm
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| − | |flower duration=diurnal
| |
| − | |flower length=4.5cm;5.4cm
| |
| − | |flower shape=funnelform
| |
| − | |flower width=3.8cm;5.2cm
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| − | |fruit architecture or pubescence=scaly
| |
| − | |fruit coloration=pinkish;red
| |
| − | |fruit condition=drying
| |
| − | |fruit dehiscence=splitting;indehiscent
| |
| − | |fruit length=15mm;20mm
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| − | |fruit shape=ovoid;spheric
| |
| − | |fruit texture=fleshy
| |
| − | |fruit width=12
| |
| − | |hair architecture=multicellular
| |
| − | |hair coloration=whitish
| |
| − | |hair density=dense
| |
| − | |hilum prominence=sunken
| |
| − | |inner tepal atypical width=10mm;12mm
| |
| − | |inner tepal coloration=red;yellow
| |
| − | |inner tepal length=25
| |
| − | |inner tepal width=6mm;10mm
| |
| − | |margin architecture or shape=entire
| |
| − | |ovary architecture or pubescence=scaly
| |
| − | |pith coating=not mucilaginous
| |
| − | |pith texture=hard
| |
| − | |plants stem succulent architecture=unbranched
| |
| − | |plants stem succulent location=deep-seated
| |
| − | |plants stem succulent position=low
| |
| − | |rib atypical count=4;8
| |
| − | |rib count=8;10
| |
| − | |rim shape or vernation=inrolled
| |
| − | |rim size=expanded
| |
| − | |root density=diffuse
| |
| − | |scale architecture or shape=spine-tipped
| |
| − | |seed architecture=hollow
| |
| − | |seed architecture or pubescence or relief=smooth
| |
| − | |seed coloration=dark-brown;blackish
| |
| − | |seed dimension=2mm;3mm
| |
| − | |seed shape=bowl-shaped
| |
| − | |spine count=absent
| |
| − | |stem architecture=unsegmented
| |
| − | |stem atypical length=15cm;60cm
| |
| − | |stem atypical width=10cm;20cm
| |
| − | |stem coloration=speckled;gray-green;dark green
| |
| − | |stem length=6cm;15cm
| |
| − | |stem shape=depressed-spheric;hemispheric
| |
| − | |stem width=6cm;10cm
| |
| − | |stigma lobe atypical count=8;10
| |
| − | |stigma lobe coloration=yellow
| |
| − | |stigma lobe count=10;12
| |
| − | |stigma lobe some measurement=4
| |
| − | |testa cell shape=convex
| |
| − | |trichome pubescence=arachnoid
| |
| − | |tuft count=numerous
| |
| − | |tuft some measurement=0mm;0.5mm
| |
| − | |x chromosome count=11
| |
| | }}<!-- | | }}<!-- |
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| | -->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Cactaceae subfam. Cactoideae]] | | -->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Cactaceae subfam. Cactoideae]] |
Plants stem succulents, unbranched [to several branched from base], mostly low and deep-seated in substrate [taller in Mexican species]. Roots diffuse. Stem unsegmented, dark green or gray-green, hemispheric or depressed-spheric [to spheric or short cylindric], (2.5–)6–15(–60)[–100] × 6–10(–20) cm, speckled [or entirely hidden] by numerous tufts of dense, whitish, multicellular hairs less than 0.5 mm; ribs [4–]8–10, crests uninterrupted, straight [to sinuous and/or helically curving around stem], broad and nearly flat or rounded [sharp or keeled]; areoles distinct, [2–]6–9[–20] mm apart along ribs, circular; areolar glands absent; cortex and pith hard, not mucilaginous. Spines absent [1–25 per areole in some Mexican species]. Flowers diurnal, near stem apex, at adaxial edge of areoles, funnelform, 4.5–5.4[–8] × 3.8–5.2[–6] cm; inner tepals yellow, proximally red [all yellow], 25 × 6–10[–12] mm, margins entire; ovary sparsely to densely scaly, axils spineless long hairy with arachnoid trichomes, distal scales spine-tipped; stigma lobes [8–]10–12, yellow [pale yellowish], 4 mm. Fruits indehiscent or splitting irregularly, green or pinkish to red, ovoid to spheric, 15–20 × 12 mm, initially fleshy, drying immediately after ripening, sparsely to densely scaly with spine-tipped scales; axils of scales long woolly, spineless; floral remnant persistent. Seeds dark brown to blackish, appearing hollow or bowl-shaped from strongly expanded, inrolled rim around sunken hilum, 2–3 mm in greatest dimension, nearly smooth; testa cells very slightly convex. x = 11.
Distribution
sw United States, Mexico.
Discussion
Species 4–5 (1 in the flora).
Astrophytum is most often recognized as a distinct genus. Chloroplast DNA evidence (C. A. Butterworth et al. 2002), however, confirms that it is among the closest relatives of Echinocactus. Unlike Echinocactus, the stem surfaces of Astrophytum species are speckled by numerous tiny white tufts of minute, matted hairs in addition to the regularly spaced woolly areoles.
Selected References
None.