View source for Bolboschoenus robustus

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Bolboschoenus robustus
|accepted_authority=(Pursh) Soják
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír.
|place=141: 63. 1972
|year=1972
}}
|common_names=Seacoast bulrush
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=F
|label=Illustrated
}}
|basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Basionym
|name=Scirpus robustus
|authority=Pursh
|rank=species
|publication_title=Fl. Amer. Sept.
|publication_place=1: 56. 1814,
}}
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Schoenoplectus robustus
|authority=(Pursh) M. T. Strong
|rank=species
}}
|hierarchy=Cyperaceae;Bolboschoenus;Bolboschoenus robustus
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Cyperaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Bolboschoenus]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Bolboschoenus robustus]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 23
|mention_page=page 38, 39, 40, 41, 43
|treatment_page=page 42
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Culms </b>50–150 cm × 4–8 mm. <b>Leaves</b>: sheaths reaching beyond middle of culm, fronts usually convex, papery at mouth, veins reaching margin, or occasionally membranous with veins diverging proximal to apex leaving triangular, veinless area; widest blade 4–12 mm wide. <b>Inflorescences</b> simply branched with 1 or not more than 1/2 of spikelets solitary or in clusters of 2(–3) on 1–7 rays, rays not exceeding 7 cm; involucral bracts that surpass inflorescence 2–4, widest bract 2–7 mm wide. <b>Spikelets</b> (1–)5–25, broadly ovoid to rarely lanceoloid, 10–30 × 6–10 mm, base usually truncate; scales usually tightly imbricate, medium to dark orange-brown, lineolate-spotted at 15X, usually 6–9 × 3–4 mm, papery and nearly opaque, rarely membranous, apex 2-fid, 1 mm deep, awn very stout, 2–3 × 0.5 mm at base. <b>Flowers</b>: perianth bristles not persistent on shed achene or 1–2 weakly attached to shed achene, dark red-brown, 1/2 achene length; anthers brownish orange, 1.5–2.5 mm; styles (2–)3-fid. <b>Achenes</b> dark to medium brown, obovoid, compressed-trigonous with broadly rounded abaxial angle or sometimes biconvex, 2.7–3.5 × 1.8–2.8 mm, apex truncate to broadly rounded, beak 0.1–0.3 mm, surface glossy, exocarp cells evident at 10–20X; in achene cross section exocarp 2 times thicker than mesocarp and its cells greatly enlarged, 3 times or more deeper than wide; achene specific gravity much less than water.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Fruiting spring–fall (south), summer (north).
|habitat=Brackish to saline coastal (very rarely inland) shores and marshes
|elevation=0(–100) m
|distribution=Ala.;Ark.;Calif.;Conn.;Del.;Fla.;Ga.;La.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Miss.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Y.;N.C.;R.I.;S.C.;Tex.;Va.;Mexico;South America.
|discussion=<p>The only known noncoastal localities of <i>Bolboschoenus robustus</i> are in Arkansas, Louisiana, and southeastern Texas. On the Gulf Coast <i>B. robustus</i> sometimes has a triangular, membranous, veinless area in the mouth of the leaf sheath, which is typical of <i>B. maritimus</i>.</p><!--
--><p>The name <i>Bolboschoenus robustus</i> has been erroneously used for both <i>B. maritimus</i> and <i>B. robustus</i> in most literature on the flora of the Pacific coastal states. Putative hybrids of <i>B. robustus</i> with <i>B. maritimus</i> are common in zones of sympatry; they often have long-lanceolate spikelets. The type of <i>Scirpus</i> maritimus forma agonus Fernald is probably a <i>B. maritimus</i> × <i>B. robustus</i> hybrid. <i>Bolboschoenus novae-angliae</i> is probably derived from <i>B. fluviatilis</i> × <i>B. robustus</i> (J. Browning et al. 1995). Putative <i>B. maritimus</i> × <i>B. robustus</i> hybrids are known from New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, north of the known range of <i>B. robustus</i> (J. Browning et al. 1995).</p>
|tables=
|references=
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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Bolboschoenus robustus
|authority=(Pursh) Soják
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=Schoenoplectus robustus
|basionyms=Scirpus robustus
|family=Cyperaceae
|phenology=Fruiting spring–fall (south), summer (north).
|habitat=Brackish to saline coastal (very rarely inland) shores and marshes
|elevation=0(–100) m
|distribution=Ala.;Ark.;Calif.;Conn.;Del.;Fla.;Ga.;La.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Miss.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Y.;N.C.;R.I.;S.C.;Tex.;Va.;Mexico;South America.
|reference=None
|publication title=Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír.
|publication year=1972
|special status=Illustrated
|source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V23/V23_58.xml
|genus=Bolboschoenus
|species=Bolboschoenus robustus
}}<!--

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