Briza

L.
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 24. Treatment on page 612.
Revision as of 20:54, 5 November 2020 by imported>Volume Importer

Plants annual or perennial; cespitose. Culms 5-100 cm, usually erect, unbranched; internodes hollow; nodes glabrous. Sheaths sometimes less than 1/2 as long as the internodes, open; auricles absent; ligules hyaline; blades flat, usually erect. Inflorescences open panicles; branches sparsely strigose, capillary, spikelets usually pendulous, some branches longer than 1 cm. Spikelets pedicellate, pendulous, oval to triangular in side view, becoming light brown at maturity, laterally compressed but the glumes and lemmas with broadly rounded backs, glumes and florets strongly divergent from the rachillas, with 4-12(15) chartaceous florets, distal florets rudimentary; rachillas glabrous, not prolonged beyond base of the distal floret; disarticulation above the glumes and beneath the florets. Glumes subequal, shorter than to longer than the adjacent lemmas, naviculate, faintly 3-7-veined, margins more or less membranous, apices obtuse, unawned; calluses short, glabrous; lemmas inflated, about as wide as long, with broadly rounded backs, similar in shape to the glumes but somewhat cordate, margins becoming hyaline, frequently splitting perpendicular to the midveins, unawned; paleas shorter than the lemmas, scarious or chartaceous; lodicules 2, joined or free, usually entire, sometimes toothed; anthers 3; ovaries glabrous. Caryopses shorter than the lemmas, concealed at maturity, usually falling with the lemma and palea, ovoid to obovoid; hila round to elliptic, x = 5,7.

Distribution

Wash., Del., Wis., Pacific Islands (Hawaii), Md., Fla., N.H., N.J., N.Mex., Tex., La., Tenn., N.C., S.C., Pa., N.Y., Alta., B.C., Nfld. and Labr. (Labr.), N.S., Ont., Que., Va., Colo., Calif., Ala., Conn., Mass., Vt., Ark., Ill., Ga., Idaho, Maine, Mich., R.I., Okla., Miss., Oreg.

Discussion

Briza, a genus of about 20 species, is native to Eurasia and South America. Most species have little to no fodder value because of the scant foliage. The ornamental value of the genus is more significant; the species are often grown for use in dried floral arrangements. Three European species are now scattered in the more temperate parts of southern Canada and the United States, and will undoubtedly be collected in areas not indicated here. Briza species can become weedy where established.

Key

1 Plants perennial; ligules about 0.5 mm long; sheaths open for about 1/2 their length Briza media
1 Plants annual; ligules 3-13 mm long; sheaths open to near the base. > 2
2 Spikelets 10-20 mm long Briza maxima
2 Spikelets 2-7 mm long Briza minor
... more about "Briza"
Neil Snow +
Wash. +, Del. +, Wis. +, Pacific Islands (Hawaii) +, Md. +, Fla. +, N.H. +, N.J. +, N.Mex. +, Tex. +, La. +, Tenn. +, N.C. +, S.C. +, Pa. +, N.Y. +, Alta. +, B.C. +, Nfld. and Labr. (Labr.) +, N.S. +, Ont. +, Que. +, Va. +, Colo. +, Calif. +, Ala. +, Conn. +, Mass. +, Vt. +, Ark. +, Ill. +, Ga. +, Idaho +, Maine +, Mich. +, R.I. +, Okla. +, Miss. +  and Oreg. +
gould1975a +  and murray1988b +
Gramineae +
Poaceae tribe Poeae +