Eschscholzia

Chamisso in C. G. D. Nees

in C. G. D. Nees, Horae Phys. Berol., 73. 1820.

Etymology: For Johann F. G. von Eschscholtz, 1793-1831, Estonian physician and biologist who traveled with Chamisso on the Romanzoff (or Kotzebue) Expedition to the Pacific Coast
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3.
Revision as of 23:06, 27 May 2020 by imported>Volume Importer

Herbs, annual or perennial, scapose or caulescent, from taproots; sap colorless or clear orange. Stems leafy. Leaves alternate, basal and sometimes cauline, petiolate; blade 1-4× pinnately deeply lobed, lobes of each order usually 3; ultimate lobes narrow. Inflorescences terminal, cymose with bracts present, or 1-flowered. Flowers: receptacle dilated, forming cup beneath calyx, sometimes with free rim; perianth and androecium perigynous; sepals 2, connate, calyptrate, deciduous as unit; petals 4, rarely more (doubled flowers), obovate to obcuneate, with satin sheen from microscopic linear grooves; stamens 12-many; pistil 2-carpellate; ovary 1-locular; style absent; stigmas 4-8, spreading, linear. Fruits capsular, cylindric, 2-valved, dehiscing from base along placentas, often explosively. Seeds many, tan, brown, or black, spheric to ovoid, reticulate, ridged and burlike, or pitted, aril absent. x = 6, 7.

Distribution

w North America (United States), nw Mexico.

Discussion

Species 12 (10 in the flora).

Eschscholzia species are introduced from cultivation elsewhere in warm-temperate regions worldwide.

Key

1 Receptacular cup with spreading free rim. Eschscholzia californica
1 Receptacular cup without spreading free rim. > 2
2 Plants scapose; ultimate leaf lobes acute; petals yellow; calyx glabrous. > 3
2 Plants caulescent, with flowers borne on leafy stems (not readily apparent in young plants); ultimate leaf lobes acute or obtuse; petals yellow or orange; calyx glabrous or pubescent. > 4
3 Seeds burlike with raised ridges; petals 12 mm or shorter; California (Great Central Valley, Sierra Nevada foothills). Eschscholzia lobbii
3 Seeds minutely pitted, not burlike; petals usually 12 mm or longer; California, Arizona, Nevada, and Utah (Mojave and Sonoran deserts). Eschscholzia glyptosperma
4 Calyx pubescent; buds nodding; leaf blades sparsely pubescent. > 5
4 Calyx glabrous; buds nodding or erect; leaf blades essentially glabrous, never consistently pubescent. > 6
5 Petals orange or deep yellow throughout, 15–40 mm; receptacles broader than 1.5 mm. Eschscholzia lemmonii
5 Petals yellow, sometimes with orange spot at base, 10–20 mm; receptacles narrower than 1.5 mm. Eschscholzia hypecoides
6 Older buds nodding. > 7
6 Older buds erect. > 8
7 Leaf blades bright green or yellow-green, terminal lobes slender, acute. Eschscholzia parishii
7 Leaf blades grayish or bluish green, terminal lobes broadened at apex, usually obtuse. Eschscholzia minutiflora
8 Receptacle somewhat swollen and translucent distally, usually broader than 2 mm. > 9
8 Receptacle strictly obconic, not translucent distally, narrower than 2.5 mm. > 10
9 Petals (15–)20 mm or more, orange or deep yellow; California (Kern County). Eschscholzia lemmonii
9 Petals 15 mm or less, yellow; inland California Coast Ranges. Eschscholzia rhombipetala
10 Flower buds blunt or rounded short-acuminate, tip less than 1/4 length of bud; ultimate leaf lobes elongate, giving diffuse appearance; California Channel Islands. Eschscholzia ramosa
10 Flower buds apiculate-acuminate, tip usually more than 1/4 length of bud; ultimate leaf lobes short, giving compact appearance; California and Oregon mainland foothills. Eschscholzia caespitosa
... more about "Eschscholzia"
Chamisso in C. G. D. Nees +
w North America (United States) +  and nw Mexico. +
For Johann F. G. von Eschscholtz, 1793-1831, Estonian physician and biologist who traveled with Chamisso on the Romanzoff (or Kotzebue) Expedition to the Pacific Coast +
in C. G. D. Nees, Horae Phys. Berol., +
clark1978b +, ernst1964b +, greene1905b +  and lewis1951a +
Eschscholzia +
Papaveraceae +