Difference between revisions of "Juglandaceae"

A. Richard ex Kunth
Common names: Walnut Family
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3. Treatment on page 416.
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--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="tree duration;bark coloration;bark coloration"><b>Trees,</b> rarely shrubs, deciduous, with gray or brownish bark.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="terminal bud size"><b>Terminal </b>buds larger than lateral buds.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="leaf arrangement;leaf odor;leaf architecture"><b>Leaves </b>alternate [or opposite], aromatic, usually odd, rarely even, pinnately compound;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="stipule presence">stipules absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="petiole presence">petiole present.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="leaflet quantity;margin architecture or shape;margin architecture or shape"><b>Leaflets </b>3-23, margins serrate or entire.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="catkin architecture;catkin architecture or arrangement or growth form;catkin architecture or arrangement;catkin orientation;catkin shape"><b>Inflorescences:</b> staminate catkins solitary or fasciculate, pendulous, elongate, on reduced shoots arising on branches of previous year or at base of current-years growth;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="catkin architecture;catkin architecture;catkin architecture">pistillate catkins solitary or few-flowered spikes [or many-flowered racemes].</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="flower reproduction;flower architecture;flower architecture"><b>Flowers </b>unisexual, staminate and pistillate on same plants;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="bract quantity;bracteole atypical quantity;bracteole quantity">bract 1, bracteoles (0-) 2.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="flower architecture;calyx shape;calyx presence"><b>Staminate </b>flowers: calyx 2-6-lobed or absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="flower architecture;corolla presence">corolla absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="flower architecture;stamen quantity">stamens 3-50;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="flower architecture;filament height or length or size;filament presence">filaments very short or absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="flower architecture;anther pubescence">anthers usually pubescent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="flower architecture;calyx shape;calyx presence"><b>Pistillate </b>flowers: calyx 4-lobed or absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="flower architecture;corolla presence">corolla absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="flower architecture;ovary quantity;ovary position;ovary architecture;ovary architecture or structure in adjective form">ovary 1, inferior, usually 2-carpellate, 1-locular distally;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="flower architecture;ovule quantity">ovule 1;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="flower architecture;stigma quantity;stigma texture;stigma shape">stigmas 2, fleshy or plumose.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s20" data-properties="nut size;nut architecture or shape;involucre dehiscence;involucre dehiscence;involucre texture;involucre texture"><b>Fruits </b>large nuts [or samaras], nuts enclosed in dehiscent or indehiscent, fibrous-fleshy or hard involucres (husks), thus ± drupelike.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s21" data-properties="seed quantity"><b>Seeds </b>1;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s22" data-properties="endosperm presence">endosperm absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s23" data-properties="cotyledon texture;cotyledon coating;cotyledon shape">cotyledons fleshy and oily, variously lobed.</span><!--
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--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Trees,</b> rarely shrubs, deciduous, with gray or brownish bark. <b>Terminal</b> buds larger than lateral buds. <b>Leaves</b> alternate [or opposite], aromatic, usually odd-, rarely even-, pinnately compound; stipules absent; petiole present. <b>Leaflets</b> 3-23, margins serrate or entire. <b>Inflorescences</b>: staminate catkins solitary or fasciculate, pendulous, elongate, on reduced shoots arising on branches of previous year or at base of current year's growth; pistillate catkins solitary or few-flowered spikes [or many-flowered racemes]. <b>Flowers</b> unisexual, staminate and pistillate on same plants; bract 1, bracteoles (0-)2. <b>Staminate</b> flowers: calyx 2-6-lobed or absent; corolla absent; stamens 3-50; filaments very short or absent; anthers usually pubescent. <b>Pistillate</b> flowers: calyx 4-lobed or absent; corolla absent; ovary 1, inferior, usually 2-carpellate, 1-locular distally; ovule 1; stigmas 2, fleshy or plumose. <b>Fruits</b> large nuts [or samaras], nuts enclosed in dehiscent or indehiscent, fibrous-fleshy or hard involucres (husks), thus ± drupelike. <b>Seeds</b> 1; endosperm absent; cotyledons fleshy and oily, variously lobed.</span><!--
  
 
-->{{Treatment/Body
 
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|distribution=Western Hemisphere and Eurasia
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|distribution=Western Hemisphere and Eurasia.
 
|discussion=<p>Genera 7, species 59 (2 genera, 17 species in the flora).</p><!--
 
|discussion=<p>Genera 7, species 59 (2 genera, 17 species in the flora).</p><!--
 
--><p>The fruit in Juglandaceae superficially resembles a drupe, with a hard "stone" surrounded by a soft, often fleshy husk. The husk, however, is not part of the fruit wall (it develops from the involucre and calyx), and the fruit is actually a nut (T. S. Elias 1972; W. E. Manning 1978).</p><!--
 
--><p>The fruit in Juglandaceae superficially resembles a drupe, with a hard "stone" surrounded by a soft, often fleshy husk. The husk, however, is not part of the fruit wall (it develops from the involucre and calyx), and the fruit is actually a nut (T. S. Elias 1972; W. E. Manning 1978).</p><!--
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|family=Juglandaceae
 
|family=Juglandaceae
 
|illustrator=John Myers
 
|illustrator=John Myers
|distribution=Western Hemisphere and Eurasia
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|illustration copyright=Flora of North America Association
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|distribution=Western Hemisphere and Eurasia.
 
|reference=elias1972a;manchester1987a;manning1978a;stone1993a
 
|reference=elias1972a;manchester1987a;manning1978a;stone1993a
 
|publication title=
 
|publication title=
 
|publication year=
 
|publication year=
 
|special status=
 
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/287ef3db526bd807d435a3c7423ef2df1e951227/V3/V3_24.xml
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|source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V3/V3_24.xml
|anther pubescence=pubescent
 
|bark coloration=brownish;gray
 
|bract quantity=1
 
|bracteole atypical quantity=0;2
 
|bracteole quantity=2
 
|calyx presence=absent;absent
 
|calyx shape=4-lobed;2-6-lobed
 
|catkin architecture=few-flowered;solitary;pistillate;staminate
 
|catkin architecture or arrangement=fasciculate
 
|catkin architecture or arrangement or growth form=solitary
 
|catkin orientation=pendulous
 
|catkin shape=elongate
 
|corolla presence=absent;absent
 
|cotyledon coating=oily
 
|cotyledon shape=lobed
 
|cotyledon texture=fleshy
 
|endosperm presence=absent
 
|filament height or length or size=short
 
|filament presence=absent
 
|flower architecture=pistillate;pistillate;pistillate;pistillate;pistillate;staminate;staminate;staminate;staminate;staminate;pistillate;staminate
 
|flower reproduction=unisexual
 
|involucre dehiscence=indehiscent;dehiscent
 
|involucre texture=hard;fibrous-fleshy
 
|leaf architecture=compound
 
|leaf arrangement=alternate
 
|leaf odor=aromatic
 
|leaflet quantity=3;23
 
|margin architecture or shape=entire;serrate
 
|nut architecture or shape=drupelike
 
|nut size=large
 
|ovary architecture=2-carpellate
 
|ovary architecture or structure in adjective form=1-locular
 
|ovary position=inferior
 
|ovary quantity=1
 
|ovule quantity=1
 
|petiole presence=absent
 
|seed quantity=1
 
|stamen quantity=3;50
 
|stigma quantity=2
 
|stigma shape=plumose
 
|stigma texture=fleshy
 
|stipule presence=absent
 
|terminal bud size=larger
 
|tree duration=deciduous
 
 
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Latest revision as of 21:47, 5 November 2020

Trees, rarely shrubs, deciduous, with gray or brownish bark. Terminal buds larger than lateral buds. Leaves alternate [or opposite], aromatic, usually odd-, rarely even-, pinnately compound; stipules absent; petiole present. Leaflets 3-23, margins serrate or entire. Inflorescences: staminate catkins solitary or fasciculate, pendulous, elongate, on reduced shoots arising on branches of previous year or at base of current year's growth; pistillate catkins solitary or few-flowered spikes [or many-flowered racemes]. Flowers unisexual, staminate and pistillate on same plants; bract 1, bracteoles (0-)2. Staminate flowers: calyx 2-6-lobed or absent; corolla absent; stamens 3-50; filaments very short or absent; anthers usually pubescent. Pistillate flowers: calyx 4-lobed or absent; corolla absent; ovary 1, inferior, usually 2-carpellate, 1-locular distally; ovule 1; stigmas 2, fleshy or plumose. Fruits large nuts [or samaras], nuts enclosed in dehiscent or indehiscent, fibrous-fleshy or hard involucres (husks), thus ± drupelike. Seeds 1; endosperm absent; cotyledons fleshy and oily, variously lobed.

Distribution

Western Hemisphere and Eurasia.

Discussion

Genera 7, species 59 (2 genera, 17 species in the flora).

The fruit in Juglandaceae superficially resembles a drupe, with a hard "stone" surrounded by a soft, often fleshy husk. The husk, however, is not part of the fruit wall (it develops from the involucre and calyx), and the fruit is actually a nut (T. S. Elias 1972; W. E. Manning 1978).

The morphology and classification of the family were discussed by W. E. Manning (1978). The female inflorescences and fruits show considerable variation in Latin American and Eurasian taxa.

Lower Taxa

Key

1 Branchlets with solid and homogeneous pith; distal leaflets largest; staminate catkins in sessile or pendunculate fascicles, stamens 3-10(-15) per flower; fruits with husks completely or partially dehiscent, nuts smooth, verrucose, or rugulose. Carya
1 Branchlets with chambered pith; leaflets uniform in size or median leaflets largest; staminate catkins sessile, solitary, stamens 7-50 per flower; fruits with husks indehiscent, nuts grooved, ridged, furrowed, or smooth. Juglans