Difference between revisions of "Menispermaceae"

Jussieu
Common names: Moonseed Family
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3. Treatment on page 295.
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--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="vine duration;vine texture;vine growth form;vine orientation;liana duration;liana texture;liana growth form;liana orientation"><b>Vines </b>and lianas [shrubs or trees], deciduous, woody at least at base, twining or clambering.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="stem coloration or pubescence or relief"><b>Stems </b>striate, without spines.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="leaf arrangement;leaf architecture"><b>Leaves </b>alternate, simple;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="stipule presence">stipules absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="petiole presence">petioles present.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="leaf-blade architecture;leaf-blade shape"><b>Leaf-</b>blade palmately veined, often palmately lobed.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="inflorescence position;inflorescence position;inflorescence arrangement;flower architecture"><b>Inflorescences </b>axillary or terminal, fascicles, cymes, racemes, or panicles, flowers pedicillate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="flower reproduction;flower architecture;flower architecture;flower prominence"><b>Flowers </b>unisexual, staminate and pistillate on different plants, never showy;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="bracteole architecture;bracteole presence">sepaloid bracteoles absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="perianth position;segment fusion;segment fusion;segment prominence;segment coloration;segment coloration;segment coloration;segment coloration;segment arrangement;segment arrangement">perianth hypogynous, segments distinct or fused, not showy, greenish white to white or cream, imbricate or valvate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="flower architecture;sepal quantity;sepal architecture or shape"><b>Staminate </b>flowers: sepals usually 6, not spurred;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="flower architecture;petal quantity;petal presence;petal fusion;petal fusion;petal shape;petal size">petals usually 6, sometimes absent, distinct or connate, ± concave, frequently minute;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="flower architecture;nectary presence">nectaries absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="flower architecture;petal arrangement;petal variability;petal quantity">stamens either opposite petals and equal in number, or numerous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="flower architecture;filament fusion;filament fusion">filaments distinct or united;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="flower architecture;anther dehiscence">anthers dehiscing longitudinally [or transversely];</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="flower architecture;pistillode presence">pistillodes sometimes present.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="flower architecture;sepal atypical quantity;sepal quantity;sepal size;sepal quantity"><b>Pistillate </b>flowers: sepals (4-) 6, sometimes reduced to 1;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="flower architecture;petal quantity;petal size;petal quantity;petal shape;petal size">petals often 6 or reduced to 1, ± concave, usually minute;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="flower architecture;nectary presence">nectaries absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s20" data-properties="flower architecture;staminode presence">staminodes frequently present;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s21" data-properties="flower architecture;pistil quantity">pistils 1-6;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s22" data-properties="flower architecture;ovule quantity;ovule quantity;ovule orientation">ovules 2, aborting to 1, amphitropous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s23" data-properties="flower architecture;style orientation">style often recurved;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s24" data-properties="flower architecture;stigma shape;stigma shape">stigma entire or lobed.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s25" data-properties="fruits drupe course;fruits drupe shape"><b>Fruits </b>drupes, straight or horseshoe-shaped;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s26" data-properties="exocarp texture">exocarp membranous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s27" data-properties="mesocarp pubescence or texture">mesocarp ± pulpy;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s28" data-properties="endocarp texture;endocarp pubescence or relief;endocarp architecture or shape">endocarp (stone) bony, often warty, ribbed.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s29" data-properties="seed architecture"><b>Seeds </b>never stalked;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s30" data-properties="endosperm presence;endosperm presence">endosperm present or absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s31" data-properties="embryo course">embryo usually curved.</span><!--
+
--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Vines </b>and lianas [shrubs or trees], deciduous, woody at least at base, twining or clambering. <b>Stems</b> striate, without spines. <b>Leaves</b> alternate, simple; stipules absent; petioles present. <b>Leaf</b> blade palmately veined, often palmately lobed. <b>Inflorescences</b> axillary or terminal, fascicles, cymes, racemes, or panicles, flowers pedicillate. <b>Flowers</b> unisexual, staminate and pistillate on different plants, never showy; sepaloid bracteoles absent; perianth hypogynous, segments distinct or fused, not showy, greenish white to white or cream, imbricate or valvate. <b>Staminate</b> flowers: sepals usually 6, not spurred; petals usually 6, sometimes absent, distinct or connate, ± concave, frequently minute; nectaries absent; stamens either opposite petals and equal in number, or numerous; filaments distinct or united; anthers dehiscing longitudinally [or transversely]; pistillodes sometimes present. <b>Pistillate</b> flowers: sepals (4-)6, sometimes reduced to 1; petals often 6 or reduced to 1, ± concave, usually minute; nectaries absent; staminodes frequently present; pistils 1-6; ovules 2, aborting to 1, amphitropous; style often recurved; stigma entire or lobed. <b>Fruits</b> drupes, straight or horseshoe-shaped; exocarp membranous; mesocarp ± pulpy; endocarp (stone) bony, often warty, ribbed. <b>Seeds</b> never stalked; endosperm present or absent; embryo usually curved.</span><!--
  
 
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-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Widespread in temperate and tropical regions
+
|distribution=Widespread in temperate and tropical regions.
 
|discussion=<p>Genera ca. 78, species ca. 525 (4 genera, 5 species in the flora).</p>
 
|discussion=<p>Genera ca. 78, species ca. 525 (4 genera, 5 species in the flora).</p>
 
|tables=
 
|tables=
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|family=Menispermaceae
 
|family=Menispermaceae
 
|illustrator=John Myers
 
|illustrator=John Myers
|distribution=Widespread in temperate and tropical regions
+
|distribution=Widespread in temperate and tropical regions.
 
|reference=diels1910a;ernst1964a
 
|reference=diels1910a;ernst1964a
 
|publication title=
 
|publication title=
 
|publication year=
 
|publication year=
 
|special status=
 
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/287ef3db526bd807d435a3c7423ef2df1e951227/V3/V3_734.xml
+
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/9216fc802291cd3df363fd52122300479582ede7/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V3/V3_734.xml
|anther dehiscence=dehiscing
 
|bracteole architecture=sepaloid
 
|bracteole presence=absent
 
|embryo course=curved
 
|endocarp architecture or shape=ribbed
 
|endocarp pubescence or relief=warty
 
|endocarp texture=osseous
 
|endosperm presence=absent;absent
 
|exocarp texture=membranous
 
|filament fusion=united;distinct
 
|flower architecture=pistillate;pistillate;pistillate;pistillate;pistillate;pistillate;pistillate;pistillate;staminate;staminate;staminate;staminate;staminate;staminate;staminate;pistillate;staminate;pedicillate
 
|flower prominence=showy
 
|flower reproduction=unisexual
 
|fruits drupe course=straight
 
|fruits drupe shape=horseshoe--shaped
 
|inflorescence arrangement=fascicles
 
|inflorescence position=terminal;axillary
 
|leaf architecture=simple
 
|leaf arrangement=alternate
 
|leaf-blade architecture=veined
 
|leaf-blade shape=lobed
 
|liana duration=deciduous
 
|liana growth form=twining
 
|liana orientation=clambering
 
|liana texture=woody
 
|mesocarp pubescence or texture=pulpy
 
|nectary presence=absent;absent
 
|ovule orientation=amphitropous
 
|ovule quantity=1;2
 
|perianth position=hypogynous
 
|petal arrangement=opposite
 
|petal fusion=connate;distinct
 
|petal presence=absent
 
|petal quantity=1;6;numerous;6
 
|petal shape=concave;concave
 
|petal size=minute;reduced;minute
 
|petal variability=equal
 
|petiole presence=absent
 
|pistil quantity=1;6
 
|pistillode presence=absent
 
|seed architecture=stalked
 
|segment arrangement=valvate;imbricate
 
|segment coloration=greenish white;white or cream
 
|segment fusion=fused;distinct
 
|segment prominence=not showy
 
|sepal architecture or shape=not spurred
 
|sepal atypical quantity=4;6
 
|sepal quantity=1;6;6
 
|sepal size=reduced
 
|staminode presence=absent
 
|stem coloration or pubescence or relief=striate
 
|stigma shape=lobed;entire
 
|stipule presence=absent
 
|style orientation=recurved
 
|vine duration=deciduous
 
|vine growth form=twining
 
|vine orientation=clambering
 
|vine texture=woody
 
 
}}<!--
 
}}<!--
  
 
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Revision as of 13:48, 27 July 2019

Vines and lianas [shrubs or trees], deciduous, woody at least at base, twining or clambering. Stems striate, without spines. Leaves alternate, simple; stipules absent; petioles present. Leaf blade palmately veined, often palmately lobed. Inflorescences axillary or terminal, fascicles, cymes, racemes, or panicles, flowers pedicillate. Flowers unisexual, staminate and pistillate on different plants, never showy; sepaloid bracteoles absent; perianth hypogynous, segments distinct or fused, not showy, greenish white to white or cream, imbricate or valvate. Staminate flowers: sepals usually 6, not spurred; petals usually 6, sometimes absent, distinct or connate, ± concave, frequently minute; nectaries absent; stamens either opposite petals and equal in number, or numerous; filaments distinct or united; anthers dehiscing longitudinally [or transversely]; pistillodes sometimes present. Pistillate flowers: sepals (4-)6, sometimes reduced to 1; petals often 6 or reduced to 1, ± concave, usually minute; nectaries absent; staminodes frequently present; pistils 1-6; ovules 2, aborting to 1, amphitropous; style often recurved; stigma entire or lobed. Fruits drupes, straight or horseshoe-shaped; exocarp membranous; mesocarp ± pulpy; endocarp (stone) bony, often warty, ribbed. Seeds never stalked; endosperm present or absent; embryo usually curved.

Distribution

Widespread in temperate and tropical regions.

Discussion

Genera ca. 78, species ca. 525 (4 genera, 5 species in the flora).

Key

1 Inflorescences with bracts; pistillate flowers: sepal 1, petal 1, pistil 1; staminate flowers (not known in flora): sepals 4, petals 4, connate, stamen filaments fused, anthers 1-locular; leaf blade usually reniform; drupes pubescent Cissampelos
1 Inflorescences with minute bracts or bracts absent; pistillate and staminate flowers: sepals 6-9, petals distinct when present, stamen filaments distinct, anthers 2-4-locular, pistils 2-6; leaf blade various shapes, rarely reniform; drupes glabrous. > 2
2 Petals absent or vestigial; anthers 2-locular; ovary ellipsoid to fusiform; stigma multicleft; leaf blade not mucronate at apex, surfaces sparsely bristly or glabrous; endocarp smooth, excavate on 1 side, margins erose Calycocarpum
2 Petals well developed; anthers 4-locular; ovary slightly asymmetrically pouched; stigma entire or slightly lobed; leaf blade mucronate at apex, surfaces soft-pubescent or glabrous; endocarp warty and ribbed, depressed but not excavate. > 3
3 Inflorescences usually racemes or racemose panicles; petals 6, to 2 mm, with auriculate basal lobes; stamens 6; pistils 6; leaf blades not peltate Cocculus
3 Inflorescences usually of well-developed panicles; petals (4-)6(-12), to 4 mm, without auriculate basal lobes; stamens 12-36; pistils (2-)3(-4); leaf blade usually peltate, petiole inserted near margin Menispermum