Difference between revisions of "Picea"

A. Dietrich

Fl. Berlin 2: 794. 1824.

Common names: Spruce épinette
Etymology: Latin picis, pitch, name of a pitchy pine
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 2.
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--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="tree duration"><b>Trees </b>evergreen;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="">crown broadly conic to spirelike;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="crown shape;crown shape;crown shape;crown orientation">leading shoot erect.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="bark coloration;bark coloration;bark coloration;bark width;bark architecture or pubescence;bark width;bark architecture"><b>Bark </b>gray to reddish-brown, thin and scaly (with thin plates), sometimes with resin blisters (especially in Picea engelmannii and P. glauca), becoming relatively thick and furrowed with age.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="branch arrangement"><b>Branches </b>whorled;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="shoot height or length or size;shoot count">short (spur) shoots absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="twig relief or texture;leaf-base duration">twigs roughened by persistent leaf-bases.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="bud shape;apex shape;apex shape;apex shape;apex coating"><b>Buds </b>ovoid, apex rounded to acute, sometimes resinous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="leaf arrangement;leaf orientation;leaf duration;leaf shape;leaf shape;leaf texture;leaf architecture;year count;base architecture or shape"><b>Leaves </b>borne singly, spreading in all directions from twigs, persisting to 10 years, mostly 4-angled and square in cross-section (to triangular or ± flattened), mostly rigid, sessile on peglike base;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="base shape;base duration;sheath count">base decurrent, persistent after leaves shed, sheath absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="apex shape;apex shape">apex usually sharp-pointed, sometimes bluntly acute;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="resin canal count">resin canals 1–2.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="twig life cycle"><b>Cones </b>borne on year-old twigs.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="pollen cone arrangement;pollen cone position;pollen cone shape;pollen cone coloration;pollen cone coloration;pollen cone coloration"><b>Pollen </b>cones grouped, axillary, oblong, yellow to purple.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="seed-cone life cycle;seed-cone orientation;seed-cone shape;seed-cone shape;seed-cone shape;seed-cone architecture;seed-cone position or structure subtype;seed-cone architecture;season count;branchlet architecture"><b>Seed-</b>cones maturing in 1 season, usually shed at maturity (persisting for several years in Picea mariana), borne mostly on upper branches, pendent, ovoid to cylindric, sessile or terminal on leafy branchlets and thus appearing ± stalked;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="scale duration;scale shape;scale shape;scale shape;scale width;apophysis count;umbo count">scales persistent, elliptic to fan-shaped, thin, lacking apophysis and umbo;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="bract position">bracts included.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="seed architecture"><b>Seeds </b>winged;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="">cotyledons 5–15.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="cotyledon count;x chromosome count">x =12.</span><!--
+
--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Trees </b>evergreen; crown broadly conic to spirelike; leading shoot erect. <b>Bark</b> gray to reddish brown, thin and scaly (with thin plates), sometimes with resin blisters (especially in Picea engelmannii and P. glauca), becoming relatively thick and furrowed with age. <b>Branches</b> whorled; short (spur) shoots absent; twigs roughened by persistent leaf bases. <b>Buds</b> ovoid, apex rounded to acute, sometimes resinous. <b>Leaves</b> borne singly, spreading in all directions from twigs, persisting to 10 years, mostly 4-angled and square in cross section (to triangular or ± flattened), mostly rigid, sessile on peglike base; base decurrent, persistent after leaves shed, sheath absent; apex usually sharp-pointed, sometimes bluntly acute; resin canals 1–2. <b>Cones</b> borne on year-old twigs. <b>Pollen</b> cones grouped, axillary, oblong, yellow to purple. <b>Seed</b> cones maturing in 1 season, usually shed at maturity (persisting for several years in Picea mariana), borne mostly on upper branches, pendent, ovoid to cylindric, sessile or terminal on leafy branchlets and thus appearing ± stalked; scales persistent, elliptic to fan-shaped, thin, lacking apophysis and umbo; bracts included. <b>Seeds</b> winged; cotyledons 5–15. <b>x</b> =12.</span><!--
  
 
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|publication year=1824
 
|publication year=1824
 
|special status=
 
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/287ef3db526bd807d435a3c7423ef2df1e951227/V2/V2_472.xml
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|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/9216fc802291cd3df363fd52122300479582ede7/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V2/V2_472.xml
 
|genus=Picea
 
|genus=Picea
|apex coating=resinous
 
|apex shape=acute;sharp-pointed;rounded;acute
 
|apophysis count=lacking
 
|bark architecture=furrowed
 
|bark architecture or pubescence=scaly
 
|bark coloration=gray;reddish-brown
 
|bark width=thick;thin
 
|base architecture or shape=peglike
 
|base duration=persistent
 
|base shape=decurrent
 
|bract position=included
 
|branch arrangement=whorled
 
|branchlet architecture=leafy
 
|bud shape=ovoid
 
|cotyledon count=5;15
 
|crown orientation=erect
 
|crown shape=broadly conic;spirelike
 
|leaf architecture=sessile
 
|leaf arrangement=singly
 
|leaf duration=persisting
 
|leaf orientation=spreading
 
|leaf shape=square;4-angled
 
|leaf texture=rigid
 
|leaf-base duration=persistent
 
|pollen cone arrangement=grouped
 
|pollen cone coloration=yellow;purple
 
|pollen cone position=axillary
 
|pollen cone shape=oblong
 
|resin canal count=1;2
 
|scale duration=persistent
 
|scale shape=elliptic;fan-shaped
 
|scale width=thin
 
|season count=1
 
|seed architecture=winged
 
|seed-cone architecture=stalked;sessile
 
|seed-cone life cycle=maturing
 
|seed-cone orientation=pendent
 
|seed-cone position or structure subtype=terminal
 
|seed-cone shape=ovoid;cylindric
 
|sheath count=absent
 
|shoot count=absent
 
|shoot height or length or size=short
 
|tree duration=evergreen
 
|twig life cycle=year-old
 
|twig relief or texture=roughened
 
|umbo count=lacking
 
|x chromosome count=12
 
|year count=10
 
 
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-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Pinaceae]]
 
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Revision as of 13:21, 27 July 2019

Trees evergreen; crown broadly conic to spirelike; leading shoot erect. Bark gray to reddish brown, thin and scaly (with thin plates), sometimes with resin blisters (especially in Picea engelmannii and P. glauca), becoming relatively thick and furrowed with age. Branches whorled; short (spur) shoots absent; twigs roughened by persistent leaf bases. Buds ovoid, apex rounded to acute, sometimes resinous. Leaves borne singly, spreading in all directions from twigs, persisting to 10 years, mostly 4-angled and square in cross section (to triangular or ± flattened), mostly rigid, sessile on peglike base; base decurrent, persistent after leaves shed, sheath absent; apex usually sharp-pointed, sometimes bluntly acute; resin canals 1–2. Cones borne on year-old twigs. Pollen cones grouped, axillary, oblong, yellow to purple. Seed cones maturing in 1 season, usually shed at maturity (persisting for several years in Picea mariana), borne mostly on upper branches, pendent, ovoid to cylindric, sessile or terminal on leafy branchlets and thus appearing ± stalked; scales persistent, elliptic to fan-shaped, thin, lacking apophysis and umbo; bracts included. Seeds winged; cotyledons 5–15. x =12.

Distribution

North temperate regions, North America, Mexico, Eurasia.

Discussion

Species ca. 35 (8 in the flora with 7 native and 1 naturalized).

Key

1 Leaves flattened or broadly triangular in cross section; stomates occurring only on, or more conspicuously on, adaxial leaf surface; Alaska to California. > 2
1 Leaves square in cross section; stomates occurring more or less equally on all leaf surfaces; widespread. > 3
2 Leaf apex sharp-pointed; twigs glabrous; seed-cone scales elliptic to narrowly diamond-shaped. Picea sitchensis
2 Leaf apex blunt, especially on older leaves; twigs finely pubescent; seed-cone scales fan-shaped. Picea breweriana
3 Twigs pubescent; cone scales usually fan-shaped, broadest near apex; seed cones 2.3-4.5(-5) cm; mostly eastern or boreal. > 4
3 Twigs mostly glabrous; cone scales usually ± diamond-shaped or elliptic, broadest near middle (broadest at apex in Picea glauca); seed cones (2.5-)3-16 cm; mostly western or boreal. > 5
4 Seed cones 1.5-2.5(-3.5) cm; leaves 0.6-1.5(-2) cm, mostly blunt-tipped, glaucous, blue- to gray-green. Picea mariana
4 Seed cones 2.3-4.5(-5) cm; leaves 0.8-2.5(-3) cm, mostly acute, sharp-pointed, not glaucous, yellow-green to dark green. Picea rubens
5 Seed cones (10-)12-16 cm; leaves 1-2.5 cm, blunt-tipped; introduced and locally naturalized species. Picea abies
5 Seed cones 2.5-11(-12) cm; leaves (0.8-)1.2-3(-3.5) cm, mostly sharp-pointed; native species. > 6
6 Seed-cone scales fan-shaped, margin at apex q entire, apex extending 0.5-3 mm beyond seed-wing impression; leaves (0.8-)1.5-2(-2.5) cm. Picea glauca
6 Seed-cone scales diamond-shaped or elliptic, margin at apex irregularly toothed to erose, apex usually extending 3 mm or more beyond seed-wing impression; leaves 1.2-3(-3.5) cm. > 7
7 Seed cones 3-7(-8) cm; cone scales extending 3-8 mm beyond seed-wing impression; twigs finely pubescent. Picea engelmannii var. engelmannii
7 Seed cones (5-)6-11(-12) cm; cone scales extending 8-10 mm beyond seed-wing impression; twigs usually glabrous. Picea pungens