resources for Z. mays subsp. mays. None. Zea mays subsp. huehuetenangensis, Zea mays subsp. mays, Zea mays subsp. mexicana, Zea mays subsp. parviglumis
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and genetic research, mostly involving the domesticated taxon, Zea mays subsp. mays. Examples of such work include Barbara McClintock's Nobel prize-winning
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Panicoideae tribePoaceae tribe Andropogoneae genusZea speciesZea mays subspeciesZea mays subsp. mays Hugh H. Iltis Common names: Corn Indian corn Maize Mais Treatment
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Panicoideae tribePoaceae tribe Andropogoneae genusZea speciesZea mays subspeciesZea mays subsp. huehuetenangensis (H.H. Iltis & Doebley) Doebley Hugh H.
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Panicoideae tribePoaceae tribe Andropogoneae genusZea speciesZea mays subspeciesZea mays subsp. parviglumis H.H. Iltis & Doebley Hugh H. Iltis Common names:
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Panicoideae tribePoaceae tribe Andropogoneae genusZea speciesZea mays subspeciesZea mays subsp. mexicana (Schrad.) H.H. Iltis Hugh H. Iltis Common names:
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Pennisetum glaucum (bulrush millet), Sorghum vulgare (sorghum), and Zea mays (maize). Striga gesnerioides is a serious pest on Vigna unguiculata (cowpea
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pine forests and savannahs. Zea perennis crosses infrequently with Z. mays subsp. mays. The hybrids, being triploid, are sterile. It has also been cultivated
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of the contiguous United States. It hybridizes infrequently with Z. mays subsp. mays in its native range. None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"genus"
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lengths than in its native range. Although it can hybridize with Z. mays subsp. mays, Z. luxurians rarely does so in the wild. None. None. window.prope
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situations, this may involve a plumose style, for example, Cercocarpus; in epizoochorous (distributed on the outside of animals) cases, the styles may bear stiff
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inflated cells, superficial layer of cells usually aporose, but may be porose. Stem leaves may be less fibrillose or efibrillose and less porose or aporose
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pollen. Hawthorns may be nurse plants to deciduous trees and play an important role in succession. Gymnosporangium R. Hedwig rusts may be serious pests
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addition, the cypselae may be glabrous or may bear myxogenic (producing mucilage when wetted) or non-myxogenic “twin-hairs.” The twin-hairs may be relatively long
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hybridization may go unrecognized. Important taxonomic characters that are quantitative might result in recognizably intermediate hybrids but … hybrids may be imperfectly
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spikelets may be evenly distributed, or the base of the rame axis may be naked. Individual plants may bear few to many rames, and the rames themselves may be
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portion of the upper (adaxial) face of the lip is the disc: it may be a thickened callus and may bear hairs, papillae, or other ornamentation. In orchids the
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forests, 20 or more species of Carex may be found within a few hectares. All Carex are perennial, but a few species may fruit in their first year and not
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pits” or “sessile” may be added for clarification). Inflorescences of composites are called heads (or capitula, sing. capitulum). Heads may be borne singly
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trees. A few tropical genera are also epipetric, and a number of xeric taxa may occur exclusively (or nearly so) in rock fissures. Hybridization has been
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their uniformity, seedlings and juvenile specimens may not be determinable to genus. Foliage of cultivars may deviate greatly from forms found in wild plants
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mastered for later use in the field. Although these microscopic characters may seem intimidating, the alternative characters of leaf shape and dentition
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membranous, hairy scales, each appressed to and shed with an associated cypsela may be interpreted as paleae). Ray florets 0 (corollas of peripheral florets sometimes
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distally, sometimes of different length than the inner; stamens 3–8 (some may be reduced to staminodes); filaments distinct, free or adnate to perianth
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glands that may or may not have a waxy or resinous exudate and/or stalked glands that are clear, and colorless or colored. These stipitate glands may retain
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showy; tepals 6, distinct or less often connate proximally forming tube that may also bear a corona, usually petaloid and ± equal in 2 whorls of 3, or those
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prostrate, nodes swollen; indument of simple hairs, capitate glands that may secrete water or calcium salts, or multicelled glandlike structures. Leaves
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Sporadically, individual plants may have some teeth resin-tipped and some teeth apiculate; such specimens may be hybrids or may indicate that the developmental
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et al. 2003, 2004), but no obvious morphological synapomorphy. The clade may be defined by a cytogenetic change from the base chromosome number of x =
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of the diclesium may bear sticky stipitate glands that are involved in dispersal by animals. The surfaces of diclesia in other genera may be more or less
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petioles present. Leaf blades paired, equal in size (except in Pilea, which may have unequally paired leaves), dotted with linear or rounded marks formed
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filament are distinct, the cotyledons usually form most of the embryo and may be completely connate, and specialization has resulted in dioecism. In the
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studies. Because of the weedy life strategies of some Amaranthus species, they may occasionally occur as naturalized weeds or waifs very far from their original
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efibrillose, non-ornamented, inflated, thin-walled cells, mostly aporose, but may be porose in some species. Stem leaves similar in size to branch leaves; varying
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cuticle at least adaxially. Floating leaves may be similar in shape to that of the submersed, or they may differ considerably. Submersed leaves have no
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(Figs. 2A, B, I). Some of the patterns described may co-occur within a leaf. For instance, some veins may be associated with pillars, others with girders;
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are known for their phenotypic plasticity (R. R. Haynes 1974). Plasticity may result from the varied environmental conditions in which the populations grow
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back as the middle Miocene. Many pulses of diversification and decimation may have taken place in the genus since then; evidence suggests that there has
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sizes of leaves may be produced throughout the growing season, and these are noted in the species descriptions. The pitchers of Sarracenia may be produced
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stems that are not clumped. Sometimes, plants may be colonial but individuals may have clumped stems, or they may be cespitose with occasional stems farther
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resurgence in palm research, however, realignments in the classification may be expected, and indeed additional data already require some changes in the
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or taprooted, caudices woody, rhizomes absent. Stems wandlike (new stems may sprout from caudices). Leaves deciduous (persistent in A. aleutica and A.
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3000 m. These local micro-sites may be less fire prone than the immediately surrounding communities. Fire ecology may be important in the evolution of
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infrageneric classification of Selaginella is controversial, and more than one genus may be recognized (see R. E. G. Pichi-Sermolli 1971 for information on generic
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embedded in a spadix, and may or may not each be subtended by a bract or retinaculum. The spadix is subtended by a spathe, and it may or may not be retained within
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in many ways a “problematic group,” some effort beyond what may be considered “normal” may be needed for accurate identification. This is because of the
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useful for illuminating relationships among North American Polygalaceae. There may still be diagnostic value, and even phylogenetic information, in the cytological
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woody, rhizomes absent. Stems not wandlike (relatively numerous; new stems may sprout from caudices). Leaves (pungently aromatic) deciduous or persistent
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with mixed catkins or hermaphroditic flowers may be anomalous in other ways as well, and such individuals may not be readily identifiable. At the time of
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often with basal rosettes, fleshy decussate turions, soboles, stolons, which may be tipped with turions, or rarely buds (gemmae) in leaf axils; with woody
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