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Tropical to subtropical and temperate New World, mostly North America, some established in Old World. Species 40+ (22 in the flora). Payne, W. W. 1964. A re-evaluation

North American botanists, in general, have been conservative in their recognition of hybrids, probably in reaction to some European botanists who readily

1997; R. F. Thorne 1992). Old World species of Allium are generally placed in subgenera and sections. Attempts to treat New World species similarly have gained

naturalized in Old World tropics and subtropics. Genera 125–130, species ca. 1800 (34 genera, 189 species in the flora). The Cactaceae had a New World origin

for the constituent taxa. As outlined in the key to species below, the two Old World sections present as adventives in our region are notable for their usually

Cancer in the Old World, none in the New World. In an infrafamilial classification of the Rosaceae by D. Potter et al. (2007), Rosa is included in subfam

worldwide, mostly Old World. Genera 100+, species 1700+ (26 genera, 99 species in the flora). Centers of concentration for anthemids are in the Mediterranean

distribution can also be used in those cases. Fruits are critical for identifying some taxa in Arctostaphylos. Fruits are usually present in a population because

and/or bristles. Introduced; Old World, especially Eurasia and n Africa, some species widely introduced and established in local floras. Genera ca. 40,

crucifers) native in the flora area, 616 (418 endemic) grow in the United States, 140 (12 endemic) in Canada, and 31 (1 endemic) in Greenland. The latest

3–6, connate. Fruits orange. Seeds 1–1.5 mm, not observed in flora area. 2n = 28, 42 (Old World). Phenology: Flowering late spring–late fall. Habitat: Usually

genus and established two subgenera that he named Gerontogeae (sect. Arbutus) for the Old World taxa and Americanae for those of the New World. L. C. Hileman

usually of 4–8[–16+] scales in ± 2+ series, sometimes coroniform. Introduced; mostly Old World (especially s Africa), some species widely introduced as

naturalized in the flora area will increase. In our flora, P. arida, P. caerulea, and P. tarminiana are well-established escapes that are also popular in horticulture

Introduced; s Old World, introduced also (perhaps some native) in Mexico, South America, s Oceanic Islands. Species 55 (2 in the flora). Some species of Cotula

complicated by the fact that Eurasian material has been introduced in other parts of the world. In addition, hundreds of forage and turf cultivars have been developed

widely cultivated and naturalized in eastern North America. In some species of Philadelphus, the axillary buds are enclosed in pouches of cortical and epidermal

rhizomes. In some (e.g., L. kelloggii and L. rubescens), lateral growth is very slow and the bulb remains upright and more or less ovoid. In others, such

demand for herbal remedies, both in the Flora of North America region and around the world, has resulted in regional declines in population size and number for

concern. The curiosities were clearly different from their Old World counterparts, and in some instances they were entirely novel. The likes and near-likes

America, South America, widely established in Old World. Some authors have contended that Xanthium spinosum originated in South America and is introduced

Florida and common in some locations, and has been grown for its jutelike fiber in some regions. The similar Urena sinuata Linnaeus [U. lobata var. sinuata

characters in distinguishing the two families. Combining the two was promoted by Thorne (1983), who now suggests (1992, 1992b), as have many Old World workers

very rich in species, especially in the Appalachian Mountain system. Some of these species, or at least closely related sister species, are found in Japan

proteinaceous inclusions occur in some other dicotyledons (notably some members of the Magnoliidae and Fabaceae), but in those groups the inclusions do

barrier in the Paleocene and middle Eocene, and the bridge was available for migration in the early and the late Eocene. Some filtering of Old World tropical

 Rubus chamaemorus,Vaccinium uliginosum, and V. vitis-idaea, in varying combinations. In some locations Carex spp. and a diverse array of lichens and mosses

sterility in at least one sex, that in which the sex-determining mechanism is heterochromosomal (X--Y in males, or W--Z in females). Another difference in higher

woodland was established by 9000 yr B.P. in the far northwest of Canada (J.C. Ritchie 1984). Populations of trees established in the Yukon in the early Holocene