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subfam. Polygonoideae genusPolygonum Show Lower Taxa Polygonum humifusum, Polygonum sect. Duravia, Polygonum sect. Polygonum Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 359. 1753

biennial, or annual, homophyllous (heterophyllous in some species of Polygonum), polycarpic (rarely monocarpic in Eriogonum); roots fibrous or a solid

Fagopyrum, Fallopia, Koenigia, Muehlenbeckia, Oxyria, Persicaria, Polygonella, Polygonum, Rheum, Rumex Eaton Bot. Dict. ed. 4, 30. 1836. Craig C. Freeman Common

californicum, Polygonum cascadense, Polygonum douglasii, Polygonum engelmannii, Polygonum heterosepalum, Polygonum hickmanii, Polygonum majus, Polygonum minimum

Polygonum erectum, Polygonum fowleri, Polygonum glaucum, Polygonum marinense, Polygonum oxyspermum, Polygonum patulum, Polygonum plebeium, Polygonum ramosissimum

Polygonoideae genusPolygonum sectionPolygonum sect. Polygonum speciesPolygonum aviculare Show Lower Taxa Polygonum aviculare subsp. aviculare, Polygonum aviculare

changes in Polygonum, Persicaria, and Aconogonon (Polygonaceae). Novon 5: 165–166. Hong, S. P. 1991. A revision of Aconogonon (= Polygonum sect. Aconogonon

None. Polygonum polygaloides subsp. confertiflorum, Polygonum polygaloides subsp. esotericum, Polygonum polygaloides subsp. kelloggii, Polygonum polygaloides

biosystematic study of the Polygonum hydropiperoides (Polygonaceae) complex. Amer. J. Bot. 67: 664–670. Timson, J. 1963. The taxonomy of Polygonum lapathifolium L

subfam. Polygonoideae genusPolygonum sectionPolygonum sect. Polygonum speciesPolygonum humifusum Show Lower Taxa Polygonum humifusum subsp. caurianum C

Polygonoideae genusPolygonum sectionPolygonum sect. Polygonum speciesPolygonum oxyspermum Show Lower Taxa Polygonum oxyspermum subsp. oxyspermum, Polygonum oxyspermum

Polygonoideae genusPolygonum sectionPolygonum sect. Polygonum speciesPolygonum fowleri Show Lower Taxa Polygonum fowleri subsp. fowleri, Polygonum fowleri subsp

genusPolygonum sectionPolygonum sect. Polygonum speciesPolygonum ramosissimum Show Lower Taxa Polygonum ramosissimum subsp. prolificum, Polygonum ramosissimum

Polygonoideae genusPolygonum sectionPolygonum sect. Duravia speciesPolygonum sawatchense Show Lower Taxa Polygonum sawatchense subsp. oblivium, Polygonum sawatchense

wild-rhubarb Illustrated Basionym: Polygonum alpinum var. alaskanum Small Monogr. Amer. Sp. Polygonum, 33. 1895 Synonyms: Polygonum alaskanum (Small) W. Wight

typifications in Polygonum section Echinocaulon (Polygonaceae). Brittonia 38: 394–406. Park, C. W. 1987. Flavonoid chemistry of Polygonum sect. Echinocaulon:

Basionym: Polygonum davisiae W. H. Brewer ex A. Gray Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 8: 399. 1872 Synonyms: Aconogonon newberryi (Small) Soják Polygonum newberryi Small

Freeman Common names: Jointweed wireweed polygonelle Etymology: genus name Polygonum and Latin - ella, diminutive Treatment appears in FNA Volume 5. Treatment

oblongifolia (Meisner) Moldenke Persicaria bistortoides Polygonum bistortoides var. linearifolium (S. Watson) Small Polygonum bistortoides var. oblongifolium (Meisner)

Basionym: Polygonum plumosum Small Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 2: 166. 1901 Synonyms: Bistorta major subsp. plumosum (Small) H. Hara Polygonum bistorta subsp

WeedyIllustratedEndemic Synonyms: Polygonum atlanticum (B. L. Robinson) E. P. Bicknell Polygonum exsertum Small Polygonum interior Brenckle Polygonum latum Small ex Rydberg

1995. Harold R. Hinds†, Craig C. Freeman IllustratedEndemic Basionym: Polygonum alaskanum var. glabrescens Hultén Acta Univ. Lund, n. s. 40: 612. 1944

Endemic Synonyms: Polygonum douglasii subsp. johnstonii Polygonum douglasii var. johnstonii Munz Polygonum exile Coolidge Polygonum triandrum Treatment

axa=[{"rank":"species","name":"Polygonum fowleri","properties":[]},{"rank":"section","name":"Polygonum sect. Polygonum","properties":["illustrator","illustration

section","name":"Polygonum sect. Polygonum","properties":["illustrator","illustration copyright"]},{"rank":"genus","name":"Polygonum","properties":["author"]}

knotweed Endemic Basionym: Polygonum kelloggii Greene Fl. Francisc., 134. 1891 Synonyms: Polygonum minutissimum L. O. Williams Polygonum unifolium Small ex Rydberg

"name":"Polygonum polygaloides","properties":[]},{"rank":"section","name":"Polygonum sect. Duravia","properties":[]},{"rank":"genus","name":"Polygonum","p

WeedyEndemic Basionym: Polygonum ramosissimum var. prolificum Small Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 21: 171. 1894 Synonyms: Polygonum prolificum Polygonum prolificum var

xa=[{"rank":"species","name":"Polygonum oxyspermum","properties":[]},{"rank":"section","name":"Polygonum sect. Polygonum","properties":["illustrator","illustration

xa=[{"rank":"species","name":"Polygonum oxyspermum","properties":[]},{"rank":"section","name":"Polygonum sect. Polygonum","properties":["illustrator","illustration

axa=[{"rank":"species","name":"Polygonum fowleri","properties":[]},{"rank":"section","name":"Polygonum sect. Polygonum","properties":["illustrator","illustration

section","name":"Polygonum sect. Polygonum","properties":["illustrator","illustration copyright"]},{"rank":"genus","name":"Polygonum","properties":["author"]}

names: Mermaid-weed proserpinie Etymology: Ancient name used by Pliny for a Polygonum taxon derivation uncertain probably for Proserpina, Roman goddess of spring

knee, alluding to angled stems, or Greek anti- , in place of, and genus Polygonum, alluding to affinity Treatment appears in FNA Volume 5. Treatment on page

Persoon) Arcangeli Polygonum aviculare subsp. monspeliense Polygonum aviculare var. vegetum Ledebour Polygonum heterophyllum Polygonum monspeliense Treatment

section","name":"Polygonum sect. Polygonum","properties":["illustrator","illustration copyright"]},{"rank":"genus","name":"Polygonum","properties":["author"]}

section","name":"Polygonum sect. Polygonum","properties":["illustrator","illustration copyright"]},{"rank":"genus","name":"Polygonum","properties":["author"]}

section","name":"Polygonum sect. Polygonum","properties":["illustrator","illustration copyright"]},{"rank":"genus","name":"Polygonum","properties":["author"]}

section","name":"Polygonum sect. Polygonum","properties":["illustrator","illustration copyright"]},{"rank":"genus","name":"Polygonum","properties":["author"]}

"name":"Polygonum polygaloides","properties":[]},{"rank":"section","name":"Polygonum sect. Duravia","properties":[]},{"rank":"genus","name":"Polygonum","p

"name":"Polygonum polygaloides","properties":[]},{"rank":"section","name":"Polygonum sect. Duravia","properties":[]},{"rank":"genus","name":"Polygonum","p

subfam. Polygonoideae genusPolygonum sectionPolygonum sect. Duravia speciesPolygonum nuttallii Small Mongr. Amer. Sp. Polygonum, 132, plate 53. 1895. Mihai

section","name":"Polygonum sect. Polygonum","properties":["illustrator","illustration copyright"]},{"rank":"genus","name":"Polygonum","properties":["author"]}

Hinds†, Craig C. Freeman Common names: Poke knotweed Endemic Basionym: Polygonum phytolaccifolium Meisner ex Small Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 19: 360. 1892

propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"section","name":"Polygonum sect. Duravia","properties":[]},{"rank":"genus","name":"Polygonum","properties":["author","illustrator"

Thellung Polygonum aviculare subsp. microspermum (Jordan ex Boreau) Berher Polygonum calcatum Polygonum microspermum Polygonum montereyense Treatment appears

Basionym: Polygonum rurivagum Jordan ex Boreau Fl. Centre France ed. 3, 2: 560. 1857 Synonyms: Polygonum aviculare var. angustissimum Meisner Polygonum heterophyllum

xa=[{"rank":"species","name":"Polygonum aviculare","properties":[]},{"rank":"section","name":"Polygonum sect. Polygonum","properties":["illustrator","illustration

c Synonyms: Polygonum douglasii var. latifolium (Engelmann) Greene Polygonum emaciatum (Small) Greene Polygonum montanum Michaux Polygonum tenue var. commune Engelmann

propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"section","name":"Polygonum sect. Duravia","properties":[]},{"rank":"genus","name":"Polygonum","properties":["author","illustrator"

"name":"Polygonum sawatchense","properties":[]},{"rank":"section","name":"Polygonum sect. Duravia","properties":[]},{"rank":"genus","name":"Polygonum","properties":["author"

propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"section","name":"Polygonum sect. Duravia","properties":[]},{"rank":"genus","name":"Polygonum","properties":["author","illustrator"

Basionym: Polygonum coarctatum var. majus Meisner in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr. 14: 101. 1856 Synonyms: Polygonum douglasii

propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"section","name":"Polygonum sect. Duravia","properties":[]},{"rank":"genus","name":"Polygonum","properties":["author","illustrator"

propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"section","name":"Polygonum sect. Duravia","properties":[]},{"rank":"genus","name":"Polygonum","properties":["author","illustrator"

WeedyIntroduced Basionym: Polygonum neglectum Besser Enum. Pl., 45. 1822 Synonyms: Polygonum aequale subsp. oedocarpum Lindman Polygonum aviculare subsp. rectum Chrtek

propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"section","name":"Polygonum sect. Duravia","properties":[]},{"rank":"genus","name":"Polygonum","properties":["author","illustrator"

propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"section","name":"Polygonum sect. Duravia","properties":[]},{"rank":"genus","name":"Polygonum","properties":["author","illustrator"

propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"section","name":"Polygonum sect. Duravia","properties":[]},{"rank":"genus","name":"Polygonum","properties":["author","illustrator"

xa=[{"rank":"species","name":"Polygonum aviculare","properties":[]},{"rank":"section","name":"Polygonum sect. Polygonum","properties":["illustrator","illustration

propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"section","name":"Polygonum sect. Duravia","properties":[]},{"rank":"genus","name":"Polygonum","properties":["author","illustrator"

propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"section","name":"Polygonum sect. Duravia","properties":[]},{"rank":"genus","name":"Polygonum","properties":["author"]},{"rank":"subfamily"

propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"section","name":"Polygonum sect. Duravia","properties":[]},{"rank":"genus","name":"Polygonum","properties":["author","illustrator"

propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"species","name":"Polygonum humifusum","properties":["section"]},{"rank":"genus","name":"Polygonum","properties":["author","illustrator"

Géogr. Bot. 4: 27. 1913. Harold R. Hinds†, Craig C. Freeman Basionym: Polygonum sect. Cephalophilon Meisner in N. Wallich, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: 59. 1832

R. Hinds†, Craig C. Freeman Common names: Mexican tearthumb Basionym: Polygonum meisnerianum Chamisso & Schlechtendal Linnaea 3: 40. 1828 Treatment appears

Rhodora 93: 343. 1991. Harold R. Hinds†, Craig C. Freeman Endemic Basionym: Polygonum newberryi var. glabrum G. N. Jones Rhodora 40: 359. 1938 Treatment appears

Synonyms: Aconogonon hultenianum var. lapathifolium Chamisso & Schlechtendal Polygonum alpinum var. lapathifolium Treatment appears in FNA Volume 5. Treatment

Freeman, Harold R. Hinds† Common names: Alpine bistort Illustrated Basionym: Polygonum viviparum Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 360. 1753 Synonyms: Bistorta vivipara subsp

Willdenow Polygonum amphibium var. emersum Michaux Polygonum amphibium subsp. laevimarginatum Hultén Polygonum amphibium var. natans Michaux Polygonum amphibium

evidence to the contrary. Fallopia often is included in a broader concept of Polygonum but is distinguished by a syndrome of anatomical and morphological characters

Freeman Common names: Himalayan knotweed Kashmir plume Introduced Basionym: Polygonum polystachyum Wallich ex Meisner in N. Wallich, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: 61. 1832

paludicola Small Polygonum hydropiperoides var. adenocalyx (Stanford) Gleason Polygonum hydropiperoides var. asperifolium Stanford Polygonum hydropiperoides

ovatum A. Braun Polygonum lapathifolium var. salicifolium Sibthorp Polygonum linicola Linnaeus Polygonum nodosum Moench Polygonum pensylvanicum var. oneillii (Brenckle)

Common names: Bukhara fleeceflower mile-a-minute vine Introduced Basionym: Polygonum baldschuanicum Regel Trudy Imp. S.-Petersburgsk Bot. Sada 8: 684. 1884

dura (Stanford) C. F. Reed Polygonum omissum Polygonum pensylvanicum var. durum Stanford Polygonum pensylvanicum var. eglandulosum Myers Polygonum pensylvanicum var

Harold R. Hinds† Common names: European bistort Introduced Basionym: Polygonum bistorta Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 360. 1753 Synonyms: Bistorta major Gray Persicaria

1845. Craig C. Freeman Common names: October-flower Endemic Basionym: Polygonum polygamum Ventenat Descr. Pl. Nouv., 65. 1800 Treatment appears in FNA

cristata Engelmann & A. Gray Polygonum cristatum (Linnaeus) Shinners Polygonum dumetorum var. scandens (Linnaeus) A. Gray Polygonum scandens var. cristatum (Engelmann

vulgaris Webb & Moquin-Tandon Polygonum fusiforme Greene Polygonum persicaria var. ruderale (Salisbury) Meisner Polygonum puritanorum Treatment appears

IllustratedEndemic Basionym: Polygonum arifolium Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 364. 1753 Synonyms: Polygonum arifolium var. lentiforme Fernald & Griscom Polygonum arifolium var

Aconogonon and Bistorta, which often are included in Persicaria or in Polygonum in the broad sense, are treated here as separate genera. None. Persicaria

weed Introduced Basionym: Polygonum arifolium var. perfoliatum Linnaeus Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 2: 1006. 1759 Synonyms: Polygonum perfoliatum (Linnaeus) Linnaeus

green buckwheat India-wheat sarrasin de Tartarie Introduced Basionym: Polygonum tataricum Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 364. 1753 Treatment appears in FNA Volume

Illustrated Basionym: Polygonum glabrum Willdenow Sp. Pl. 2: 447. 1799 Synonyms: Persicaria densiflora (Meisner) Moldenke Polygonum densiflorum Meisner Treatment

R. Hinds† Common names: Fringed black bindweed WeedyEndemic Basionym: Polygonum cilinode Michaux Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 241. 1803 Synonyms: Bilderdykia cilinodis (Michaux)

water-pepper petite renouée Introduced Basionym: Polygonum minus Hudson Fl. Angl., 148. 1762 Synonyms: Polygonum minus var. subcontinuum (Meisner) Fernald Treatment

Hinds†, Craig C. Freeman Basionym: Polygonum beyrichianum Chamisso & Schlechtendal Linnaea 3: 42. 1828 Synonyms: Polygonum meisnerianum var. beyrichianum (Chamisso

poivre-d’eau WeedyIntroduced Basionym: Polygonum hydropiper Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 361. 1753 Synonyms: Polygonum hydropiper var. projectum Stanford Treatment

Basionym: Polygonum dumetorum Linnaeus Sp. Pl. ed. 2, 1: 522. 1762 Synonyms: Bilderdykia scandens var. dumetorum (Linnaeus) Dumortier Polygonum scandens

Craig C. Freeman Common names: Bristly lady’s-thumb Introduced Basionym: Polygonum longisetum Bruijn in F. A. W. Miquel, Pl. Jungh. 3: 307. 1854 Synonyms:

smartweed Endemic Basionym: Polygonum bicorne Rafinesque Fl. Ludov., 29. 1817 Synonyms: Persicaria longistyla (Small) Small Polygonum longistylum Small Treatment

section","name":"Polygonum sect. Polygonum","properties":["illustrator","illustration copyright"]},{"rank":"genus","name":"Polygonum","properties":["author"]}

propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"section","name":"Polygonum sect. Duravia","properties":[]},{"rank":"genus","name":"Polygonum","properties":["author","illustrator"

fall knotweed Endemic Synonyms: Polygonum douglasii subsp. spergulariiforme (Meisner ex Small) J. C. Hickman Polygonum emaciatum A. Nelson Treatment appears

propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"section","name":"Polygonum sect. Duravia","properties":[]},{"rank":"genus","name":"Polygonum","properties":["author","illustrator"

propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"section","name":"Polygonum sect. Duravia","properties":[]},{"rank":"genus","name":"Polygonum","properties":["author","illustrator"

names: Common buckwheat sarrasin commun IntroducedIllustrated Basionym: Polygonum fagopyrum Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 364. 1753 Synonyms: Fagopyrum sagittatum Gilibert

WeedyIllustrated Basionym: Polygonum punctatum Elliott Sketch Bot. S. Carolina 1: 455. 1817 Synonyms: Polygonum acre var. leptostachyum Meisner Polygonum punctatum var

Freeman Common names: Shore-grape uva de playa Illustrated Basionym: Polygonum uvifera Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 365. 1753 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 5

Craig C. Freeman Common names: Pink-head knotweed Introduced Basionym: Polygonum capitatum Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don Prodr. Fl. Nepal., 73. 1825 Treatment

Craig C. Freeman Common names: Chinese knotweed Introduced Basionym: Polygonum chinense Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 363. 1753 Treatment appears in FNA Volume

Craig C. Freeman Common names: Prickly smartweed WeedyIntroduced Basionym: Polygonum bungeanum Turczaninow Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 13: 77. 1840

49: 277. 1913. Harold R. Hinds†, Craig C. Freeman Introduced Basionym: Polygonum nepalense Meisner Monogr. Polyg., 84, plate 7, fig. 2. 1826 Treatment appears

smartweed Endemic Basionym: Polygonum setaceum Baldwin in S. Elliott, Sketch Bot. S. Carolina 1: 455. 1817 Synonyms: Polygonum hydropiperoides var. setaceum (Baldwin)

×bohemica Chrtek & Chrtková as. Nár. Muz. Praze Rada Prír. 152: 120. 1983 Synonyms: Polygonum ×bohemicum (Chrtek & Chrtková) Zika & Jacobson Treatment appears in FNA

Rhodora 50: 19–25. Mun, J. H. and C. W. Park. 1995. Flavonoid chemistry of Polygonum sect. Tovara (Polygonaceae): A systematic survey. Pl. Syst. Evol. 196:

Persicaria punctata var. robustior (Small) Small Polygonum punctatum var. majus (Meisner) Fassett Polygonum robustius Treatment appears in FNA Volume 5. Treatment

Asia. Species ca. 50 (4 in the flora). Bistorta often is included in Polygonum in the broad sense or in Persicaria. It is accepted here as a distinct

Harold R. Hinds† Common names: Giant knotweed WeedyIntroduced Basionym: Polygonum sachalinense F. Schmidt Mém. Acad. Imp. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans 9:

names: Carey’s smartweed renouée de Carey IllustratedEndemic Basionym: Polygonum careyi Olney Proc. Providence Franklin Soc. 1: 29. 1847 Treatment appears

den-gate princess-feather renouée orientale WeedyIntroduced Basionym: Polygonum orientale Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 362. 1753 Treatment appears in FNA Volume

Harold R. Hinds† Common names: Black bindweed WeedyIntroduced Basionym: Polygonum convolvulus Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 364. 1753 Synonyms: Bilderdykia convolvulus (Linnaeus)

Hinds†, Craig C. Freeman Common names: Hairy smartweed Endemic Basionym: Polygonum hirsutum Walter Fl. Carol., 132. 1788 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 5

Craig C. Freeman, Harold R. Hinds† WeedyIntroducedIllustrated Synonyms: Polygonum cuspidatum Siebold & Zuccarini Treatment appears in FNA Volume 5. Treatment

 renouée sagittée Illustrated Basionym: Polygonum sagittatum Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 363. 1753 Synonyms: Polygonum sagittatum var. gracilentum Fernald Tracaulon

1963. Craig C. Freeman Common names: Sandhill jointweed Endemic Basionym: Polygonum fimbriatum Elliott Sketch Bot. S. Carolina 1: 583. 1821 Synonyms: Thysanella

Freeman Common names: Jumpseed renouée de Virginie Illustrated Basionym: Polygonum virginianum Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 360. 1753 Synonyms: Antenoron virginianum (Linnaeus)

1841. Craig C. Freeman Common names: Northern jointweed Endemic Basionym: Polygonum articulatum Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 363. 1753 Treatment appears in FNA Volume

1856. Craig C. Freeman Common names: Slender wireweed Endemic Basionym: Polygonum gracile Nuttall Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 1: 255. 1818, Treatment appears in FNA

Common names: Maidenhair vine lacy wirevine IntroducedIllustrated Basionym: Polygonum complexum A. Cunningham Ann. Nat. Hist. 1: 455. 1838 Treatment appears

included in six different genera. Herbarium specimens often are identified as Polygonum polystachyum or Aconogonon polystachyum. Hong S. P. (1993) cited morphological

Capsella bursa-pastoris is the second most common weed on earth, after Polygonum aviculare. None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"genus"

Silene5 50-69 Eragrostis Ranunculus Rosa Veronica Plantago Muhlenbergia Polygonum Paspalum Salix 30-49 Bromus Artemisia Anemone Rubus4 Castilleja Galium

stelleriana,Cakile edentula, Euphorbia polygonifolia, Lathyrus japonicus, Polygonum glaucum, and Solidago sempervirens (A.F. Johnson 1985b; W.E. Martin 1959;