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maximum Aconitum reclinatum Aconitum uncinatum Actaea Actaea pachypoda Actaea rubra Adlumia Adlumia fungosa A cont. Adonis Adonis aestivalis Adonis annua Adonis

calamus Acroptilon repens Acrostichum danaeifolium Actaea pachypoda Actaea rubra Actinostachys pennula A cont. Adiantum aleuticum Adiantum capillus-veneris

ovina, Festuca prolifera, Festuca pseudovivipara, Festuca roemeri, Festuca rubra, Festuca saximontana, Festuca trachyphylla, Festuca valesiaca, Festuca viridula

Claytonia parviflora, Claytonia perfoliata, Claytonia rosea, Claytonia rubra, Claytonia sarmentosa, Claytonia saxosa, Claytonia scammaniana, Claytonia

commutata, Festuca rubra subsp. fallax, Festuca rubra subsp. mediana, Festuca rubra subsp. pruinosa, Festuca rubra subsp. rubra, Festuca rubra subsp. secunda

Synthyris ranunculina, Synthyris reniformis, Synthyris ritteriana, Synthyris rubra, Synthyris schizantha, Synthyris wyomingensis Bentham in A. P. de Candolle

californica, Frangula caroliniana, Frangula obovata, Frangula purshiana, Frangula rubra Miller Gard. Dict. Abr. ed. 4, vol. 1. 1754. John O. Sawyer†, Guy L. Nesom

Sarracenia psittacina, Sarracenia purpurea, Sarracenia rosea, Sarracenia rubra Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 510. 1753. , Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 226. 1754 (as Sarracena)

Quercus palustris, Quercus phellos, Quercus pumila, Quercus robusta, Quercus rubra, Quercus shumardii, Quercus tardifolia, Quercus texana, Quercus velutina

revegetation, and, to a lesser extent, horticulture—such as Festuca rubra subsp. rubra, F. trachyphylla, F. filiformis, and F. valesiaca—is continually expanding

Frangula rubra subsp. modocensis, Frangula rubra subsp. nevadensis, Frangula rubra subsp. obtusissima, Frangula rubra subsp. rubra, Frangula rubra subsp.

occidentalis, Crepis pannonica, Crepis pleurocarpa, Crepis pulchra, Crepis rubra, Crepis runcinata, Crepis setosa, Crepis tectorum, Crepis vesicaria, Crepis

Alnus incana, Alnus maritima, Alnus oblongifolia, Alnus rhombifolia, Alnus rubra, Alnus serrulata Miller Gard. Dict. Abr. ed. 4. 1754. John J. Furlow Common

Spergularia macrotheca, Spergularia media, Spergularia platensis, Spergularia rubra, Spergularia salina, Spergularia villosa (Persoon) J. Presl & C. Presl Fl

genusSarracenia speciesSarracenia rubra Show Lower Taxa Sarracenia rubra subsp. gulfensis, Sarracenia rubra subsp. rubra Walter Fl. Carol., 152. 1788 ,.

crassifolia, Ulmus glabra, Ulmus parvifolia, Ulmus procera, Ulmus pumila, Ulmus rubra, Ulmus serotina, Ulmus thomasii Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 225. 175. , Gen. Pl.

familyPortulacaceae genusClaytonia speciesClaytonia rubra Show Lower Taxa Claytonia rubra subsp. depressa, Claytonia rubra subsp. rubra (Howell) Tidestrom Contr. U.S. Natl

and A. rubra (including A. erythrocarpa) in northern Michigan and Finland. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 112: 265-273. Actaea pachypoda, Actaea rubra window.

been identified as O. rubra. Oxalis rubra was treated at subspecific rank by A. Lourteig (1982), but subsp. articulata and subsp. rubra have essentially the

Ulmarieae genusFilipendula Show Lower Taxa Filipendula occidentalis, Filipendula rubra, Filipendula ulmaria, Filipendula vulgaris Miller Gard. Dict. Abr. ed. 4

speciesActaea rubra (Aiton) Willdenow Enum. Pl. 1: 561. 1809. Bruce A. Ford Common names: Actée rouge EndemicIllustrated Basionym: Actaea spicata var. rubra Aiton

subfam. Arbutoideae genusArctous Show Lower Taxa Arctous alpina, Arctous rubra Niedenzu Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 11: 144. 1889. Gordon C. Tucker Common names:

familyBetulaceae subfamilyBetulaceae subfam. Betuloideae genusAlnus speciesAlnus rubra Bongard Mém. Acad. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 2: 162. 1833

familyMoraceae genusMorus Show Lower Taxa Morus alba, Morus microphylla, Morus rubra Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 2: 986. 175. , Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 424. 1754. Richard P. Wunderlin

Va., W.Va., Wis. Scabrous-leaved Ulmus rubra is often confused with U. americana. Where ranges coincide, U. rubra may freely intergrade with Ulmus pumila

). Rhode Island is in the range of Morus rubra, although I do not know of any documented specimens. Morus rubra is a common tree of eastern North America

the Sarracenia rubra complex is controversial. The complex may be viewed as having three species, S. alabamensis, S. jonesii, and S. rubra, two of which

Salicornia bigelovii, Salicornia depressa, Salicornia maritima, Salicornia rubra Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 3. 1753. , Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 4. 1754. Peter W. Ball Common

familySarraceniaceae genusSarracenia speciesSarracenia rubra subspeciesSarracenia rubra subsp. rubra T. Lawrence Mellichamp, Frederick W. Case Treatment appears

LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familySarraceniaceae genusSarracenia speciesSarracenia rubra subspeciesSarracenia rubra subsp. gulfensis D. E. Schnell Castanea 44: 218, figs. 1, 2

IllustratedEndemic Basionym: Picea rubra (DuRoi) Link 1831, Synonyms: Picea australis Small Picea nigra var. rubra (DuRoi) Engelmann Treatment appears

familyPortulacaceae genusClaytonia speciesClaytonia rubra subspeciesClaytonia rubra subsp. rubra John M. Miller IllustratedEndemic Treatment appears in

LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyRhamnaceae genusFrangula speciesFrangula rubra subspeciesFrangula rubra subsp. rubra John O. Sawyer†, Guy L. Nesom Endemic Treatment appears

LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyRhamnaceae genusFrangula speciesFrangula rubra subspeciesFrangula rubra subsp. modocensis (C. B. Wolf) Kartesz & Gandhi Phytologia 76:

LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyRhamnaceae genusFrangula speciesFrangula rubra subspeciesFrangula rubra subsp. yosemitana (C. B. Wolf) Kartesz & Gandhi Phytologia 76:

LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyRhamnaceae genusFrangula speciesFrangula rubra subspeciesFrangula rubra subsp. obtusissima (Greene) Kartesz & Gandhi Phytologia 76:

LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyRhamnaceae genusFrangula speciesFrangula rubra subspeciesFrangula rubra subsp. nevadensis (A. Nelson) Kartesz & Gandhi Phytologia 76:

LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyPortulacaceae genusClaytonia speciesClaytonia rubra subspeciesClaytonia rubra subsp. depressa (A. Gray) John M. Miller & K. L. Chambers Novon

Moore†, Jun Wen Common names: Catbird or red grape Endemic Synonyms: Vitis rubra Michaux ex Planchon Treatment appears in FNA Volume 12. Treatment on page

concluded that Amelanchier laevis is possibly one of the parents of A. "rubra,” an entity that is morphologically distinct. This entity is a tetraploid

var. rubra Rehder & E. H. Wilson in C. S. Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 1: 556. 1913 (as alpinus var. ruber) Synonyms: Arctostaphylos alpina subsp. rubra (Rehder

Gymnandra rubra Douglas ex Hooker Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 103, plate 172. 1838 Synonyms: Besseya rubra (Douglas ex Hooker) Rydberg Veronica rubra (Douglas ex

Case Common names: Wherry’s pitcher plant Endemic Basionym: Sarracenia rubra subsp. wherryi D. E. Schnell Castanea 43: 261. 1978 Treatment appears in

Basionym: Ulmaria rubra Hill Hort. Kew., 214, plate 7. 1768 Synonyms: Filipendula lobata (Gronovius ex Jacquin) Maximowicz Spiraea rubra (Hill) Britton Thecanisia

Common names: River birch red birch EndemicIllustrated Synonyms: Betula rubra F. Michaux Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3. Illustrator: John Myers Copyright:

minor (Sims) de Candolle Castalia odorata (Aiton) Wood Nymphaea odorata forma rubra (E. Guillon) Conard Nymphaea odorata var. gigantea Tricker Nymphaea odorata

Mountain sweet pitcher plant EndemicConservation concern Synonyms: Sarracenia rubra subsp. jonesii (Wherry) Wherry Treatment appears in FNA Volume 8. Treatment

macrophyllum Pursh, Populus trichocarpa Torrey & A. Gray ex Hooker, and Alnus rubra Bongard) or on deep-shaded and moist rocky banks Elevation: 0–200 m Generated

formed by the persistent stigma in Actaea pachypoda is larger than that in A. rubra. Red- and pink-berried plants have been called Actaea pachypoda forma rubrocarpa

serrulata Aiton Hort. Kew. 1: 338. 1789 Synonyms: Alnus noveboracensis Britton Alnus rubra Desfontaines ex Spach Alnus rugosa var. serrulata (Aiton) Winkler Treatment

Common names: Various-leaved fescue Fétuque hétérophylle Synonyms: Festuca rubra var. heterophylla Treatment appears in FNA Volume 24. Treatment on page 420

Common names: Proliferous fescue Endemic Synonyms: Festuca rubra var. prolifera Festuca rubra subsp. prolifera Festuca prolifera var. lasiolepis Treatment

  Family ⠉ Taxon Illustrator ⠉ Moraceae Moraceae Moraceae Morus rubra Broussonetia papyrifera Fatoua villosa John Myers John Myers John Myers Moraceae

serotina Ulmus alata Ulmus americana Planera aquatica Ulmus thomasii Ulmus rubra John Myers John Myers John Myers John Myers John Myers John Myers Ulmaceae

subg. Festuca sectionFestuca sect. Festuca speciesFestuca rubra subspeciesFestuca rubra subsp. rubra Stephen J. Darbyshire, Leon E. Pavlickf Common names:

subgenusFestuca subg. Festuca sectionFestuca sect. Festuca speciesFestuca rubra subspeciesFestuca rubra subsp. mediana (Pavlick) Pavlick Stephen J. Darbyshire, Leon

fescue Fétuque trompeuse Synonyms: Festuca rubra var. multiflora Festuca rubra subsp. multiflora Festuca rubra var. fraterculae Festuca heteromalla Festuca

subgenusFestuca subg. Festuca sectionFestuca sect. Festuca speciesFestuca rubra subspeciesFestuca rubra subsp. vallicola (Rydb.) Pavlick Stephen J. Darbyshire, Leon

subgenusFestuca subg. Festuca sectionFestuca sect. Festuca speciesFestuca rubra subspeciesFestuca rubra subsp. commutata Gaudin Stephen J. Darbyshire, Leon E. Pavlickf

subgenusFestuca subg. Festuca sectionFestuca sect. Festuca speciesFestuca rubra subspeciesFestuca rubra subsp. arenaria (Osbeck) F. Aresch. Stephen J. Darbyshire, Leon

richardson Synonyms: Festuca rubra subsp. richardsonii Festuca rubra var. mutica Festuca rubra subsp. cryophila Festuca rubra var. alaica Festuca richardsonii

subgenusFestuca subg. Festuca sectionFestuca sect. Festuca speciesFestuca rubra subspeciesFestuca rubra subsp. aucta (V.I. Krecz. & Bobrov) Hultén Stephen J. Darbyshire

subgenusFestuca subg. Festuca sectionFestuca sect. Festuca speciesFestuca rubra subspeciesFestuca rubra subsp. pruinosa (Hack.) Piper Stephen J. Darbyshire, Leon E.

subgenusFestuca subg. Festuca sectionFestuca sect. Festuca speciesFestuca rubra subspeciesFestuca rubra subsp. secunda (J. Presl) Pavlick Stephen J. Darbyshire, Leon

familyAsteraceae tribeAsteraceae tribe Cichorieae genusCrepis speciesCrepis rubra Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 2: 806. 1753. David J. Bogler Common names: Red hawksbeard

S.Dak., Utah, Wash., Wyo. Salicornia rubra has been introduced into Quebec and Michigan. Populations of S. rubra from Hudson Bay, growing above mean high

re rouge   WeedyIntroduced Basionym: Arenaria rubra Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 423. 1753 Synonyms: Tissa rubra (Linnaeus) Britton Treatment appears in FNA Volume

treated as Quercus rubra var. rubra; those with smaller nuts one-third covered by cup- or bowl-shaped cups are treated as Q. rubra var. borealis (F. Michaux)

howei Renauld & Cardot Dicranella langloisii Renauld & Cardot Dicranella rubra Lindberg Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment on page 389. Mentioned

protection. The subspecies is introduced in southeastern Virginia. Sarracenia rubra Walter subsp. alabamensis (Case & R. B. Case) D. E. Schnell, which pertains

  Family ⠉ Taxon Illustrator ⠉ Moraceae Moraceae Moraceae Morus rubra Broussonetia papyrifera Fatoua villosa John Myers John Myers John Myers Moraceae

serotina Ulmus alata Ulmus americana Planera aquatica Ulmus thomasii Ulmus rubra John Myers John Myers John Myers John Myers John Myers John Myers Ulmaceae

British Columbia. Festuca pseudovivipara has been described as a form of F. rubra subsp. aucta (p. 414), but differs from that taxon in having pseudoviviparous

Candolle) Fernald Solidago multiradiata var. scopulorum A. Gray Solidago rubra Linnaeus Solidago scopulorum Linnaeus Solidago virgaurea var. arctica de

oak EndemicIllustrated Synonyms: Quercus nuttallii E. J. Palmer Quercus rubra var. texana (Buckley) Buckley Quercus shumardii var. texana (Buckley) Ashe

Basionym: Lychnis dioica Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 437. 1753 Synonyms: Lychnis rubra (Weigel) Patze, E. H. F. Meyer & Elkan Melandrium dioicum (Linnaeus) Cosson

Spach Oenothera psycrophila Ball O. rosea var. parvifolia J. M. Coulter O. rubra Cavanilles O. virgata Ruíz & Pavon Xylopleurum roseum (L’Héritier ex Aiton)

confusion with the similar species C. raupii to the east and south, and with C. rubra (Drobow) Rebristaya in eastern Asia. All three are part of a morphologically

George W. Argus Common names: Sandbar willow WeedyIllustrated Basionym: Salix rubra Richardson in J. Franklin, Narr. Journey Polar Sea, 752. 1823, Synonyms:

Common names: Wight’s paintbrush Endemic Synonyms: Castilleja wightii subsp. rubra Pennell Treatment appears in FNA Volume 17. Treatment on page 664. Mentioned

herbarium specimens), F. earlei is sometimes confused with members of the F. rubra (p. 412) complex. It differs from them in having pubescent ovary apices and

marilandica, Q. nigra, Q. pagoda (= Q. ×ludoviciana Sargent), Q. palustris, Q. rubra, Q. shumardii, and Q. velutina. D. M. Hunt (1989) cited evidence of hybridization

Generated Map Legacy Map Okla., Tex. For many years the names Quercus texana, Q. rubra var. texana, and Q. shumardii var. texana were erroneously used for Q. buckleyi

larger and bear only simple, erect hairs. The leaves are deciduous as in F. rubra, but the large, broad leaves and fruits with three stones are like those

snail-shell-shaped rather than pear-shaped seeds (R. K. Rabeler 1981). Spergularia rubra (Linnaeus) J. Presl & C. Presl is also similar in aspect; it differs in having

Minnesota, Missouri, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. Ulmus glabra is similar to U. rubra in leaf morphology but may be readily distinguished by its smooth bark and

strobus, P. sylvestris, Populus grandidentata, P. tremuloides, Quercus rubra, and Vaccinium angustifolium. None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"genus"

almost entirely in commerce by various species of eastern red oak (e.g., Q. rubra, Q. velutina, and Q. falcata) that are more common and have faster growth

flowers similar in shape to, but larger than, those of members of the S. rubra complex. In Texas, it grows in wetlands that do not have longleaf pine, in

Greenland, putative hybrids between Festuca frederikseniae or F. vivipara and F. rubra (p. 412) have been reported, and named F. villosa-vivipara (Rosenv.) E.B

length at maturity). Quercus ellipsoidalis reportedly hybridizes with Q. rubra and Q. velutina. The Menominee used Quercus ellipsoidalis medicinally to

Q. laevis, and Q. palustris (E. J. Palmer 1948) and with Q. phellos, Q. rubra, and Q. velutina (= Q. ×fontana Laughlin). None. None. window.properties

alba; they are prized as shade trees with edible fruits. Morus alba and M. rubra are both highly variable and are often confused. Both species have deeply

with Q. coccinea, Q. falcata, Q. imbricaria, Q. marilandica, Q. phellos, Q. rubra, and Q. velutina. The Iroquois considered Quercus ilicifolia very helpful

the Atlantic Coast, but their isozyme profile is identical to that of S. rubra. The report of S. maritima from Maine is based on Standley’s citation of

Trelease), Q. marilandica, Q. nigra, Q. phellos (= Q. ×schochiana Dieck), Q. rubra, Q. shumardii, and Q. velutina. Some Native American tribes used infusions

marilandica, Q. palustris, and Q. phellos (H. A. Gleason 1952); and with Q. rubra, Q. shumardii, and Q. velutina. None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherT

georgiana, Q. hemisphaerica, Q. laurifolia, Q. myrtifolia, Q. palustris, Q. rubra, and Q. texana. None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"section"

×mutabilis E. J. Palmer & Steyermark), Q. phellos (= Q. ×moultonensis Ashe), Q. rubra, and Q. velutina (= Q. × discreta Laughlin). None. None. window.properti

hemisphaerica, Q. laevis, Q. laurifolia, Q. myrtifolia, Q. palustris, and Q. rubra. The Choctaw used Quercus marilandica to ease cramps and to aid in childbirth

×vaga E. J. Palmer & Steyermark), Q. phellos (= Q. ×filialis Little), Q. rubra, Q. shumardii, and possibly Q. arkansana (D. M. Hunt 1989). None. None. window

northeastern Russia are mostly referable to the similar Asian species, C. rubra (Drobow) Rebristaya. Castilleja raupii is sometimes confused with the partially

and Salix spp. found in high shrub tundra occur with Arctostaphylos alpina, A. rubra, Empetrum nigrum, Ledum palustre, Rubus chamaemorus,Vaccinium uliginosum

Mountain ranges. Among the broad-leaved trees are Acer macrophyllum, Alnus rubra, Cornus nuttallii, Fraxinus latifolia, Populus trichocarpa, Quercus spp.

expansions of tree populations, particularly of Sitka spruce and red alder (Alnus rubra), occurred on the Pacific Coastal Plain. Inland in the Puget Trough, lodgepole