View source for Eschscholzia

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Eschscholzia
|accepted_authority=Chamisso in C. G. D. Nees
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=in C. G. D. Nees, Horae Phys. Berol.,
|place=73. 1820
|year=1820
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Papaveraceae;Eschscholzia
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Papaveraceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Eschscholzia]]</div></div>
|etymology=For Johann F. G. von Eschscholtz, 1793-1831, Estonian physician and biologist who traveled with Chamisso on the Romanzoff (or Kotzebue) Expedition to the Pacific Coast
|volume=Volume 3
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Herbs,</b> annual or perennial, scapose or caulescent, from taproots; sap colorless or clear orange. <b>Stems</b> leafy. <b>Leaves</b> alternate, basal and sometimes cauline, petiolate; blade 1-4× pinnately deeply lobed, lobes of each order usually 3; ultimate lobes narrow. <b>Inflorescences</b> terminal, cymose with bracts present, or 1-flowered. <b>Flowers</b>: receptacle dilated, forming cup beneath calyx, sometimes with free rim; perianth and androecium perigynous; sepals 2, connate, calyptrate, deciduous as unit; petals 4, rarely more (doubled flowers), obovate to obcuneate, with satin sheen from microscopic linear grooves; stamens 12-many; pistil 2-carpellate; ovary 1-locular; style absent; stigmas 4-8, spreading, linear. <b>Fruits</b> capsular, cylindric, 2-valved, dehiscing from base along placentas, often explosively. <b>Seeds</b> many, tan, brown, or black, spheric to ovoid, reticulate, ridged and burlike, or pitted, aril absent. <b>x</b> = 6, 7.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=w North America (United States);nw Mexico.
|discussion=<p>Species 12 (10 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p><i>Eschscholzia</i> species are introduced from cultivation elsewhere in warm-temperate regions worldwide.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=clark1978b
|text=Clark, C. and J. A. Jernstedt. 1978. Systematic studies of Eschscholzia (Papaveraceae). II. Seed coat microsculpturing. Syst. Bot. 3: 386-402.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=ernst1964b
|text=Ernst, W. R. 1964b. The genus Eschscholzia in the south Coast Ranges of California. Madroño 17: 281-294.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=greene1905b
|text=Greene, E. L. 1905b. Revision of Eschscholtzia. Pittonia 5: 205-308.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=lewis1951a
|text=Lewis, H. and R. Snow. 1951. A cytotaxonomic approach to Eschscholzia. Madroño 11: 141-143.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Receptacular cup with spreading free rim.
|[[Eschscholzia californica|Eschscholzia californica]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Receptacular cup without spreading free rim.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Plants scapose; ultimate leaf lobes acute; petals yellow; calyx glabrous.
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Plants caulescent, with flowers borne on leafy stems (not readily apparent in young plants); ultimate leaf lobes acute or obtuse; petals yellow or orange; calyx glabrous or pubescent.
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Seeds burlike with raised ridges; petals 12 mm or shorter; California (Great Central Valley, Sierra Nevada foothills).
|[[Eschscholzia lobbii|Eschscholzia lobbii]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Seeds minutely pitted, not burlike; petals usually 12 mm or longer; California, Arizona, Nevada, and Utah (Mojave and Sonoran deserts).
|[[Eschscholzia glyptosperma|Eschscholzia glyptosperma]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Calyx pubescent; buds nodding; leaf blades sparsely pubescent.
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Calyx glabrous; buds nodding or erect; leaf blades essentially glabrous, never consistently pubescent.
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Petals orange or deep yellow throughout, 15–40 mm; receptacles broader than 1.5 mm.
|[[Eschscholzia lemmonii|Eschscholzia lemmonii]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Petals yellow, sometimes with orange spot at base, 10–20 mm; receptacles narrower than 1.5 mm.
|[[Eschscholzia hypecoides|Eschscholzia hypecoides]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Older buds nodding.
|[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Older buds erect.
|[[#key-0-8| > 8]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Leaf blades bright green or yellow-green, terminal lobes slender, acute.
|[[Eschscholzia parishii|Eschscholzia parishii]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Leaf blades grayish or bluish green, terminal lobes broadened at apex, usually obtuse.
|[[Eschscholzia minutiflora|Eschscholzia minutiflora]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Receptacle somewhat swollen and translucent distally, usually broader than 2 mm.
|[[#key-0-9| > 9]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Receptacle strictly obconic, not translucent distally, narrower than 2.5 mm.
|[[#key-0-10| > 10]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Petals (15–)20 mm or more, orange or deep yellow; California (Kern County).
|[[Eschscholzia lemmonii|Eschscholzia lemmonii]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Petals 15 mm or less, yellow; inland California Coast Ranges.
|[[Eschscholzia rhombipetala|Eschscholzia rhombipetala]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Flower buds blunt or rounded short-acuminate, tip less than 1/4 length of bud; ultimate leaf lobes elongate, giving diffuse appearance; California Channel Islands.
|[[Eschscholzia ramosa|Eschscholzia ramosa]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Flower buds apiculate-acuminate, tip usually more than 1/4 length of bud; ultimate leaf lobes short, giving compact appearance; California and Oregon mainland foothills.
|[[Eschscholzia caespitosa|Eschscholzia caespitosa]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Eschscholzia
|authority=Chamisso in C. G. D. Nees
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Papaveraceae
|distribution=w North America (United States);nw Mexico.
|reference=clark1978b;ernst1964b;greene1905b;lewis1951a
|publication title=in C. G. D. Nees, Horae Phys. Berol.,
|publication year=1820
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/bb6b7e3a7de7d3b7888a1ad48c7fd8f5c722d8d6/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V3/V3_905.xml
|genus=Eschscholzia
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Papaveraceae]]