(particularly Eleocharis) possess chromosomes with localized centromeres (S. S. Bir et al. 1993). The wide range of chromosome numbers found in Cyperaceae
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al. 2002; A. S. Lamb Frye and K. A. Kron 2003), which place it sister to Plumbaginaceae. Wood anatomy also supports this relationship (S. Carlquist 2003)
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procumbent, glabrous or hairy, sometimes viscid (S. glabra). Leaves spirally arranged (distichous in S. planicaulis and S. ulmifolia), petiolate or subsessile; stipules
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Trilliaceae (R. Y. Berg 1962b; S. Kazempour Osaloo, F. H. Utech, M. Ohara and S. Kawano 1999; S. Kazempour Osaloo and S. Kawano 1999; W. B. Zomlefer 1996)
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rosettes or occasionally cauline, sessile or occasionally pseudo-petiolate; blade linear, lanceolate, oblanceolate, ovate, or elliptic, fibrous, thin and flexible
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alphabetically. Applequist, W. L. and R. S. Wallace. 2001. Phylogeny of the portulacaceous cohort based on ndhF sequence data. Syst. Bot. 26: 406–419. Bogle
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Lens, F. et al. 2005. Comparative wood anatomy of the primuloid clade (Ericales s.l.). Syst. Bot. 30: 163–183. Martins, L., C. Oberprieler, and F. H. Hellwig
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pairs, rarely rudimentary or absent, claw differentiated or not from blade, blade sometimes reduced and much smaller than well-developed claw, basally
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ornamentals—including F. amethystina L., F. cinerea Vill., F. drymeia Mert. & W.D.J. Koch, F. elegans Boiss., F. gautbieri (Hack.) K. Richt., F. glauca Vill., F. kasmiriana
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the 1700s into the early 1900s and is summarized by F. S. Crosswhite (1965d). Monographic studies of most parts of the genus were carried out by F. W. Pennell
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B. F. Palser 1975, 1975b, 1975c, 1975d; B. A. Bohm et al. 1986; D. R. Morgan and D. E. Soltis 1993; Soltis et al. 2001; A. L. Takhtajan 1969; R. F. Thorne
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738 pp. Chen, S.-L., B. Sun, L. Liu, Z. Wu, S. Lu, D. Li, Z. Wang, Z. Zhu, N. Xia, L. Jia, G. Zhu, Z. Guo, G. Yang, W. Chen, X. Chen, S.M. Phillips, C
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29, pp. 33–102. Stevens, P. F. 1969. Taxonomic Studies in the Ericaceae. Ph.D. thesis. University of Edinburgh. Stevens, P. F. 1970. Calluna, Cassiope and
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caryopses, sometimes achenes, ovoid, oblong, or cylindrical; embryos of the F+FP or F+PP type, small or elongate, with or without a scutellar tail; hila usually
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Boerhavia have been mostly retained (e.g., C. F. Reed 1969), although this view has not been completely accepted (F. R. Fosberg 1978). Nyctaginaceae is believed
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palm fruits in their diets (S. H. Bullock 1980; R. F. Harlow 1961; W. D. Klimstra and A. L. Dooley 1990; D. S. Maehr 1984; D. S. Maehr and J. R. Brady 1984)
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with emphasis on the tribe Paniceae: Evidence from the trnL-F cpDNA region. Pp. 136-140 in S.W.L. Jacobs and J. Everett (eds.). Grasses: Systematics and
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inner scales. Leaves: stipules prominent on new growth, soon deciduous. Leaf blade thin, somewhat leathery, secondary veins unbranched, ±parallel, extending
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in Synthyris, evolving independently in S. pinnatifida and the clade consisting of S. canbyi, S. dissecta, and S. lanuginosa, in association with shifts
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424--498. Hermann, F. J. 1975. Manual of the Rushes (Juncus spp.) of the Rocky Mountains and Colorado Basin. Fort Collins, Colo. [U.S.D.A. Forest Serv.
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