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Difference between revisions of "Epiphyllum"
Syn. Pl. Succ., 197. 1812.
Common names: Climbing cactus
Etymology: Greek epi, upon, and phyllon, a leaf, referring to flowers borne on leaves, actually phylloclades, leaflike stems
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| − | --><span class="statement" id="st- | + | --><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Shrubs,</b> epiphytic or rarely epipetric, erect to pendent, many branched. <b>Roots</b> diffuse or adventitious along stems. <b>Stems</b> segmented, green, segments leaflike, narrowly elongate-oblanceolate, terete or 3-angled in narrow proximal portion, broadly flattened and bladelike distally, with prominent midvein-like axis, [30–]50–120+[–500] × [1.5–]4–5[–12+] cm, glabrous; ribs 2 or, on proximal portion and on juvenile stems, 3, rib margins (crests) crenate-undulate to shallow lobed [serrate to pinnatifid in other species]; areoles only in sinuses along rib margins (ca. 2–7 cm apart along rib), circular, woolly, stiff spines absent, sometimes fine, hairlike bristles present; areolar glands absent; cortex and pith mucilaginous. <b>Spines</b> usually absent from adult stems, present and slender on terete and juvenile stems. <b>Flowers</b> nocturnal [diurnal in 2 species], lateral on stem in marginal areoles, with long tube, salverform to funnelform, 8–38 cm; flower tube straight or strongly curved to 90°; outer tepals greenish [to yellow, white, or dull red] often tinged with red, 3–10 cm, margins entire; inner tepals white [to yellow], 3–10 cm, margins entire; ovary scaly, spineless, spiny, or with bristles or hairlike spines; scales small; stigma lobes 8–21, white, extending beyond stamens, ca. 10 mm. <b>Fruits</b> dehiscent along 1 side when mature, light green, red, or purple, smooth [to ridged or angular], ellipsoid to ovoid, [20–]40–100 × 20–50 mm, fleshy, spineless, spiny, or with bristles or hairlike spines; pulp white or slightly pinkish; floral remnant persistent. <b>Seeds</b> black, reniform, 2–3 × 1–2.5 mm; testa cells shiny or dull when minutely pitted. <b>x</b> = 11.</span><!-- |
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|distribution=tropical regions of s Mexico;West Indies;Central America;n and c South America. | |distribution=tropical regions of s Mexico;West Indies;Central America;n and c South America. | ||
| + | |introduced=true | ||
|discussion=<p>Species 19 (1 in the flora).</p><!-- | |discussion=<p>Species 19 (1 in the flora).</p><!-- | ||
| − | --><p>The spineless, leaflike stems of this epiphytic genus make it easy to overlook as a member of Cactaceae. The usually white, nocturnal flowers with long, thin flower tubes, copious nectar, and strong fragrance suggest hawkmoth pollinators for most species.</p> | + | --><p>The spineless, leaflike stems of this epiphytic genus make it easy to overlook as a member of <i>Cactaceae</i>. The usually white, nocturnal flowers with long, thin flower tubes, copious nectar, and strong fragrance suggest hawkmoth pollinators for most species.</p> |
|tables= | |tables= | ||
|references={{Treatment/Reference | |references={{Treatment/Reference | ||
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|family=Cactaceae | |family=Cactaceae | ||
|distribution=tropical regions of s Mexico;West Indies;Central America;n and c South America. | |distribution=tropical regions of s Mexico;West Indies;Central America;n and c South America. | ||
| + | |introduced=true | ||
|reference=kimnach1964a | |reference=kimnach1964a | ||
|publication title=Syn. Pl. Succ., | |publication title=Syn. Pl. Succ., | ||
|publication year=1812 | |publication year=1812 | ||
|special status= | |special status= | ||
| − | |source xml=https:// | + | |source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V4/V4_340.xml |
|subfamily=Cactaceae subfam. Cactoideae | |subfamily=Cactaceae subfam. Cactoideae | ||
|genus=Epiphyllum | |genus=Epiphyllum | ||
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-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Cactaceae subfam. Cactoideae]] | -->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Cactaceae subfam. Cactoideae]] | ||
Latest revision as of 22:58, 5 November 2020
Shrubs, epiphytic or rarely epipetric, erect to pendent, many branched. Roots diffuse or adventitious along stems. Stems segmented, green, segments leaflike, narrowly elongate-oblanceolate, terete or 3-angled in narrow proximal portion, broadly flattened and bladelike distally, with prominent midvein-like axis, [30–]50–120+[–500] × [1.5–]4–5[–12+] cm, glabrous; ribs 2 or, on proximal portion and on juvenile stems, 3, rib margins (crests) crenate-undulate to shallow lobed [serrate to pinnatifid in other species]; areoles only in sinuses along rib margins (ca. 2–7 cm apart along rib), circular, woolly, stiff spines absent, sometimes fine, hairlike bristles present; areolar glands absent; cortex and pith mucilaginous. Spines usually absent from adult stems, present and slender on terete and juvenile stems. Flowers nocturnal [diurnal in 2 species], lateral on stem in marginal areoles, with long tube, salverform to funnelform, 8–38 cm; flower tube straight or strongly curved to 90°; outer tepals greenish [to yellow, white, or dull red] often tinged with red, 3–10 cm, margins entire; inner tepals white [to yellow], 3–10 cm, margins entire; ovary scaly, spineless, spiny, or with bristles or hairlike spines; scales small; stigma lobes 8–21, white, extending beyond stamens, ca. 10 mm. Fruits dehiscent along 1 side when mature, light green, red, or purple, smooth [to ridged or angular], ellipsoid to ovoid, [20–]40–100 × 20–50 mm, fleshy, spineless, spiny, or with bristles or hairlike spines; pulp white or slightly pinkish; floral remnant persistent. Seeds black, reniform, 2–3 × 1–2.5 mm; testa cells shiny or dull when minutely pitted. x = 11.
Distribution
Introduced; tropical regions of s Mexico, West Indies, Central America, n and c South America.
Discussion
Species 19 (1 in the flora).
The spineless, leaflike stems of this epiphytic genus make it easy to overlook as a member of Cactaceae. The usually white, nocturnal flowers with long, thin flower tubes, copious nectar, and strong fragrance suggest hawkmoth pollinators for most species.