View source for Physocarpus

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Physocarpus
|accepted_authority=(Cambessèdes) Rafinesque
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=New Fl.
|place=3: 73. 1838
|year=1838
}}
|common_names=Nine-bark;physocarpe
|basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Basionym
|name=Spiraea sect. Physocarpus
|authority=Cambessèdes
|rank=section
|publication_title=Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris)
|publication_place=1: 239, 385. 1824 (as Physocarpos)
}}
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Rosaceae;Rosaceae subfam. Amygdaloideae;Rosaceae tribe Neillieae;Physocarpus
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Rosaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Rosaceae subfam. Amygdaloideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Rosaceae tribe Neillieae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Physocarpus]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek physa, bladder, and karpos, fruit, alluding to inflated follicles of some species
|volume=Volume 9
|mention_page=page 20, 348, 351
|treatment_page=page 347
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Shrubs,</b> (10–)30–60 dm, glabrous or stellate-hairy, mostly eglandular (except in inflorescence). <b>Stems</b> 5–20, ascending to erect, branches erect proximally, somewhat sinuous; bark buff to reddish brown or black, usually peeling in narrow strips; short shoots present; buds superposed, each with ca. 5 exposed brown scales. <b>Leaves</b> deciduous, cauline; stipules caducous, decurrent on stem, leaving oblique, broadly ovate to rectangular stubs, linear or oblong to narrowly ovate, obovate, or elliptic, sometimes rhombic, margins sometimes remotely glandular-dentate, surfaces sparsely stellate-hairy (glabrous adaxially in <i>P. monogynus</i>); petiole present; blade broadly ovate to obovate or orbiculate, 0.5–10 cm, membranous, margins flat, crenate to doubly crenate or doubly dentate, 3–5(–7)-lobed, rarely almost unlobed, 3–5(–7)-veined, surfaces glabrous or sparsely to densely stellate-hairy. <b>Inflorescences</b> terminal or axillary on leafy short shoots, 5–50-flowered, open to dense corymb- or umbel-like pedunculate racemes; bracts present; bracteoles absent. <b>Pedicels</b> present. <b>Flowers</b> 5–12 mm diam.; hypanthium cup-shaped to campanulate, 1.5–3 mm, exterior stellate-hairy; sepals 5, ascending to slightly reflexed, triangular to ovate; petals 5, white to pale pink, broadly obovate, elliptic, or orbiculate, base short-clawed, sometimes irregularly toothed or notched; stamens 20–40, shorter than, equal to, or exceeding petals; carpels 1–5; styles slender, stigmas capitate; ovules 2–5. <b>Fruits</b> aggregated follicles, sometimes solitary, 1–5, ovoid, often ± inflated, slightly flattened, size not recorded, splitting along both sutures; hypanthium persistent; sepals persistent, ascending to slightly reflexed. <b>Seeds</b> 1(–5), shiny yellow, carunculate. <b>x</b> = 9.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=North America;n Mexico;ne Asia;introduced in Europe.
|discussion=<p>Species 8–10 (6 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Some species of <i>Physocarpus</i> are not well delimited. Some botanists have confused <i>Physocarpus</i> and <i>Neillia</i> (including Stephanandra); <i>Physocarpus</i> is distinguished by its rounded umbel-like racemes and bladderlike fruits splitting along both sutures; in <i>Neillia</i>, the inflorescences are longer and narrower, and the fruits split along the adaxial suture. As currently understood, <i>Neillia</i> is an Asian genus. Two or three species of <i>Physocarpus</i> are widely cultivated in North America and Europe; the others are less commonly seen though they may be worthy of more attention.</p><!--
--><p>Opulaster Medikus ex Kuntze is an illegitimate, superfluous name that pertains here.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Carpels 3–5, connate basally
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Carpels 1 or 2(3), if 2(3), connate 1/2 their lengths
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Carpels densely stellate-hairy (sometimes only on sutures); follicles densely stellate-hairy (sometimes only on sutures).
|[[Physocarpus intermedius|Physocarpus intermedius]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Carpels mostly glabrous, sometimes hairy (on ventral sutures) or sparsely stellate-hairy, glabrescent; follicles glabrous or sparsely stellate-hairy, ± glabrescent
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Follicle lengths ca. 2 times sepals; leaves usually longer than wide; racemes open.
|[[Physocarpus opulifolius|Physocarpus opulifolius]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Follicle lengths slightly exceeding sepals; leaves usually as wide as long; racemes dense.
|[[Physocarpus capitatus|Physocarpus capitatus]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Leaves 0.5–2 × 0.5–2 cm; carpels 1(2); stamens unequal (alternately long and short).
|[[Physocarpus alternans|Physocarpus alternans]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Leaves 1.5–6 × 2–6 cm; carpels usually 2(3); stamens ± equal
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Stipules oblong to elliptic or obovate, apices of some rounded or erose, 6 × 2.5 mm; follicles flattened, keeled apically.
|[[Physocarpus malvaceus|Physocarpus malvaceus]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Stipules linear to narrowly elliptic or subulate, apices acute, 4–5 × 1 mm; follicles inflated, not keeled apically.
|[[Physocarpus monogynus|Physocarpus monogynus]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Physocarpus
|author=Crinan Alexander
|authority=(Cambessèdes) Rafinesque
|rank=genus
|parent rank=tribe
|synonyms=
|basionyms=Spiraea sect. Physocarpus
|family=Rosaceae
|distribution=North America;n Mexico;ne Asia;introduced in Europe.
|reference=None
|publication title=New Fl.
|publication year=1838
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f50eec43f223ca0e34566be0b046453a0960e173/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V9/V9_571.xml
|subfamily=Rosaceae subfam. Amygdaloideae
|tribe=Rosaceae tribe Neillieae
|genus=Physocarpus
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Rosaceae tribe Neillieae]]