Bot. Gard. 22: 51–152. Stuessy, T. F. 1977[1978]. Heliantheae—systematic review. In: V. H. Heywood et al., eds. 1977[1978]. The Biology and Chemistry of
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Bull. 34: 49–58. Nordenstam, B. 1977[1978]. Senecioneae and Liabeae—systematic review. In: V. H. Heywood et al., eds. 1977[1978]. The Biology and Chemistry
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from the mostly deciduous-leaved lineage of the Rocky Mountains (A. D. Every 1977; S. L. Datwyler and Wolfe 2004). Datwyler, S. L. and A. D. Wolfe. 2004. Phylogenetic
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Panero and V. A. Funk (2002). Dittrich, M. 1977[1978]. Cynareae—systematic review. In: V. H. Heywood et al., eds. 1977[1978]. The Biology and Chemistry of the
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Lellinger (1985) and were included in five families by R. E. G. Pichi-Sermolli (1977). The broad concept followed here is similar (except for the exclusion of
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distinctions are supported by flavonoid chemistry (D. E. Giannasi and K. J. Niklas 1977; D. E. Giannasi 1978), pollen morphology (M. Zavada 1983), and some anatomic
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this idea has been advanced by others (e.g., J. A. Doyle 1969; P. K. Endress 1977; M. W. Chase et al. 1993). The ancestor of more advanced Hamamelidae (including
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telephioides, Hylotelephium telephium H. Ohba Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 90: 46, figs. 1–3. 1977 ,. Reid V. Moran Common names: Orpine stonecrop Etymology: Greek hyle, wood
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Flora Neotropica. 75+ nos. New York. No. 14(1). Smith, L. B. and R. J. Downs. 1977. Tillandsioideae. In: Organization for Flora Neotropica. 1968+. Flora Neotropica
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Epilobium septentrionale (C. Presl) P. H. Raven Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 63: 335. 1977. Peter C. Hoch Basionym: Zauschneria C. Presl Reliq. Haenk. 2: 28, plate
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genusPlatythelys Show Lower Taxa Platythelys querceticola Garay Bradea 2: 196. 1977. James D. Ackerman Etymology: Greek platy, broad, and thely(s) , woman, alluding
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ITS. Taxon 53: 637–655. Norlindh, N. T. 1977[1978]. Arctoteae—systematic review. In: V. H. Heywood et al., eds. 1977[1978]. The Biology and Chemistry of the
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resulting in more or less fertile offspring (S. R. Seavey and P. H. Raven 1977, 1977b, 1977c, 1978). Natural hybridization occurs fairly frequently where two or
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(Nuttall ex Torrey & A. Gray) P. H. Raven Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 63: 333. 1977. Peter C. Hoch Basionym: Epilobium [unranked] Cordylophorum Nuttall ex Torrey
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The genus appears to exhibit two contrasting modes of evolution (G. D. Carr 1977). One group of taxa (C. pauciflora and C. fremontii complex) comprises distinct
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nevadense, Epilobium nivium P. H. Raven Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 63: 334. 1977. Peter C. Hoch Treatment appears in FNA Volume 10. Herbs suffrutescent, clumped
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than to Eupatorieae, as suggested by T. F. Stuessy (1977[1978]) and by B. L. Turner and A. M. Powell (1977[1978]). B. G. Baldwin and B. L. Wessa (2000) suggested
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lowest chromosome number known in the Stipeae is 2n =18 (Prokudin et al. 1977), suggesting that all members of the tribe are ancient polyploids. The wide
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the Marshes of California. Berkeley. Reveal, J. L. 1977. Sparganiaceae. In: A. Cronquist et al. 1977. Intermountain Flora. New York. Vol. 6, pp. 465--468
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worts of Canada (Guttiferae). Publ. Bot. (Ottawa) 11: 1–40. Robson, N. K. B. 1977. Studies in the genus Hypericum L. (Guttiferae) 1. Infrageneric classification
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borealis (Engelmann) Landolt Ber. Geobot. Inst. ETH Stiftung Rubel 44:137. 1977. Elias Landolt Common names: Wolffie boréale WeedyIllustratedEndemic Basionym:
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Epilobium ravenii (Spach) P. H. Raven Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 63: 336. 1977. Peter C. Hoch Basionym: Crossostigma Spach Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2
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22: 399. 1940. John L. Strother Etymology: For Robert Leslie James, 1897–1977, American botanist and historian, and Greek anthos, flower Treatment appears
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Machaeranthera, where they were recently maintained (Cronquist 1994). T. J. Watson (1977) and other contemporary botanists, however, have recognized Xylorhiza as
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1983, 1985, 1986, 1986b, 1996), and anatomy (S. Carlquist 1975, 1977, 1982b; R. H. Eyde 1977, 1979, 1981, 1982; R. C. Keating 1982), as well as several published
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included almost all Stipeae with an elongated floret. Keng (cited in Tsvelev 1977) transferred some Chinese species of Stipa sensu lato with blunt calluses
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Verbesininae (e.g., G. Bentham 1873) or in Helianthinae (e.g., T. F. Stuessy 1977[1978]). Sometimes, Rudbeckiinae has included Echinacea (e.g., P. O. Karis
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angustissima var. avia Reveal in A. Cronquist et al., Intermount. Fl. 6: 534. 1977. William J. Hess, R. Laurie Robbins Endemic Treatment appears in FNA Volume
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varietySolidago arguta var. harrisii (E. S. Steele) Cronquist Brittonia 29: 224. 1977. John C. Semple, Rachel E. Cook Common names: Harris’s or shale-barren goldenrod
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varietyEupatorium album var. vaseyi (Porter) Cronquist Brittonia 29: 220. 1977. Kunsiri Chaw Siripun, Edward E. Schilling Endemic Basionym: Eupatorium vaseyi Porter
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Taxa Epilobium suffruticosum P. H. Raven Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 63: 334. 1977. Peter C. Hoch Treatment appears in FNA Volume 10. Herbs rhizomatous. Leaves
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Vergleich mit P. alpinum L. (Papaveraceae). Feddes Repert. 86: 19-37. Rändel, U. 1977. Über Sippen des subarktisch-arktischen Nordamerikas, des Beringia-Gebietes
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1966. Cytotaxonomical note on Lilaea. Bot. Not. 119: 496--497. Reveal, J. L. 1977. Juncaginaceae. In: A. Cronquist et al. 1972+. Intermountain Flora. 5+ vols
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Hydrocharitoideae (Hydrocharitales). Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 107: 189--209. Haynes, R. R. 1977. The Najadaceae in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor. 58: 161--170
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Taxa Epilobium brachycarpum P. H. Raven Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 63: 334. 1977. Peter C. Hoch Treatment appears in FNA Volume 10. Herbs annual, with taproot
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relationships within the family. Pollen types (J. W. Nowicke and J. J. Skvarla 1977) and chromosome numbers (Brandbyge) are diverse. Multiple base chromosome
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genusAtrichum speciesAtrichum cylindricum (F. Weber) G. L. Smith Brittonia 29: 371. 1977,. Gary L. Smith Merrill, Robert R. Ireland Jr. Basionym: Polytrichum cylindricum F
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kanabensis (McKelvey) Reveal in A. Cronquist et al., Intermount. Fl. 6: 534. 1977. William J. Hess, R. Laurie Robbins Endemic Basionym: Yucca kanabensis McKelvey
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speciesHylotelephium telephioides (Michaux) H. Ohba Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 90: 53. 1977 ,. Reid V. Moran Common names: Live-forever American orpine Basionym: Sedum
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verdiensis (McKelvey) Reveal in A. Cronquist et al., Intermount. Fl. 6: 533. 1977. William J. Hess, R. Laurie Robbins Endemic Basionym: Yucca verdiensis McKelvey
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toftiae (S. L. Welsh) Reveal in A. Cronquist et al., Intermount. Fl. 6: 534. 1977. William J. Hess, R. Laurie Robbins Endemic Basionym: Yucca toftiae S. L
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Show Lower Taxa Goodmania luteola Reveal & Ertter Brittonia 28: 427, fig. 1. 1977. James L. Reveal Common names: Yellow spinecape Etymology: For George Jones
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genusFlaveria speciesFlaveria mcdougallii M. E. Theroux Madroño 24: 13, fig. 1. 1977. Sharon C. Yarborough, A. Michael Powell Common names: Mcdougall’s yellowtops
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merger and followed Shinners in subsequent papers (e.g., Harms 1970). Semple (1977) and Semple et al. (1980) presented evidence that Chrysopsis and Pityopsis
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species with two varieties (e.g., A. E. Radford et al. 1968; T. F. Stuessy 1977). Stuessy mapped many intermediates between two varieties, not only in the
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caryopses from the aerial spikelets fail to germinate, but McNamara and Quinn (1977) demonstrated that, at least in A. amphicarpon, this is not true. They found
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subsp. latifolium (Greene) P. H. Raven Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 63: 335. 1977. Peter C. Hoch Basionym: Zauschneria cana Greene Pittonia 1: 28. 1887 Treatment
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pollination has been observed (H. J. Thompson 1960; A. R. Moldenke 1976; R. J. Hill 1977). Many polyploid species of sect. Trachyphytum have small flowers and reportedly
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1981) is narrower than traditional circumscriptions (e.g., T. F. Stuessy 1977[1978]), which included genera here treated in Ecliptinae, Galinsoginae, and
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rhypara, Ivesia rhypara var. shellyi Ertter & Reveal Madroño 24: 224, fig. 1. 1977. Barbara Ertter, James L. Reveal Conservation concernEndemic Treatment appears
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Typhaceae has been recently reviewed by (U. Müller-Doblies and D. Müller-Doblies (1977); R. M. T. Dahlgren and H. T. Clifford (1982); R. M. T. Dahlgren et al. (19853);
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speciesPlagiomnium carolinianum (L. E. Anderson) T. J. Koponen Ann. Bot. Fenn. 14: 6. 1977. Terry T. McIntosh, Steven G. Newmaster Endemic Basionym: Mnium carolinianum L
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it is toxic to humans and livestock (W. H. Lewis and M. P. F. Elvin-Lewis 1977). Nicely, K. A. 1965. A monographic study of the Calycanthaceae. Castanea
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varietySilphium perfoliatum var. connatum (Linnaeus) Cronquist Brittonia 29: 223. 1977. Jennifer A. Clevinger Endemic Basionym: Silphium connatum Linnaeus Mant
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subspeciesPopulus fremontii subsp. mesetae Eckenwalder J. Arnold Arbor. 58: 201, fig. 2B. 1977. James E. Eckenwalder Common names: Plateau cottonwood álamo cimarron Synonyms:
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varietyChenopodium incanum var. occidentale Crawford Brittonia 29: 292, fig. 4c–f. 1977. Steven E. Clemants, Sergei L. Mosyakin Endemic Treatment appears in FNA
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varietyChenopodium incanum var. elatum Crawford Brittonia 29: 292, fig. 3. 1977. Steven E. Clemants, Sergei L. Mosyakin Treatment appears in FNA Volume 4
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regions of North America, Europe, and Asia. Species 1. Oteng-Yeboah, A. A. 1977. Observations on Blysmus and Blysmopsis. Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh
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restricted to arctic Europe, a narrower circumscription than U. Rändel's (1977). Papaver microcarpum de Candolle, Syst. Nat. 2: 71. 1821 We are so far unable
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Stachygynandrum speciesSelaginella eclipes W. R. Buck Canad. J. Bot. 55: 366. 1977. Iván A. Valdespino Common names: Buck's meadow spike-moss hidden spike-moss
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American species of Athyrium (Aspleniaceae). Syst. Bot. 11: 26--31. Kato, M. 1977. Classification of Athyrium and allied genera of Japan. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo)
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warm temperate regions. Species 2 or 3 (1 in the flora). Cooper-Driver,G. 1977. Chemical evidence for separating the Psilotaceae from the Filicales. Science
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1962), wood anatomy (S. Carlquist 1975), seed morphology (S. R. Seavey et al. 1977), and pollen wall (J. J. Skvarla et al. 1976) and viscin thread morphology
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visit the flowers (W. S. Davis and H. J. Thompson 1967; A. M. Powell et al. 1977). The flowers undoubtedly self-pollinate, but it is unclear whether they
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genusDeparia speciesDeparia petersenii (Kunze) M. Kato Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 90: 37. 1977. Masahiro Kato Introduced Basionym: Asplenium petersenii Kunze Analecta Pteridogr
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deltoides subsp. wislizeni (S. Watson) Eckenwalder J. Arnold Arbor. 58: 205. 1977. James E. Eckenwalder Common names: Rio Grande cottonwood álamillo Basionym:
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deltoides subsp. monilifera (Aiton) Eckenwalder J. Arnold Arbor. 58: 204. 1977. James E. Eckenwalder Common names: Plains cottonwood Endemic Basionym: Populus
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speciesCoscinodon arctolimnius (Steere) Steere J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 42: 446. 1977 (as arctolimnia),. Roxanne I. Hastings Basionym: Grimmia arctolimnia Steere
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villosa var. arkansana (Rydberg) E. B. Smith Proc. Arkansas Acad. Sci. 31: 100. 1977 ,. Elizabeth Fortson Wells, Barbara Greene Shipes Common names: Arkansas
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speciesDryopteris expansa (C. Presl) Fraser Jenkins & Jermy Brit. Fern Gaz. 11: 338. 1977. James D. Montgomery, Warren H. Wagner Jr. Common names: Northern wood fern spreading
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structure identical with that of Dicranum (M. R. Crosby and R. E. Magill 1977). Robinson suggested that in large part the characteristic pale color of
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Mex., Nev., Tex., Utah, n Mexico. Varieties 2 (1 in the flora). M. Whalen (1977) recognized two varieties of Bebbia juncea: var. aspera, which occurs in
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Adjacent Georgia and Alabama. Athens, Ga. Goldblatt, P. and P. K. Endress. 1977. Cytology and evolution in Hamamelidaceae. J. Arnold Arbor. 58: 67-71. Fothergilla
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with only slight modifications (see S. Carlquist 1976; A. Cronquist 1955, 1977; C. Jeffrey 1978; G. Wagenitz 1976b; see also J. Small 1919 and, for alternate
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S. alabamensis subsp. wherryi, S. jonesii, and S. rubra. D. E. Schnell (1977) distinguished the same taxa, all as subspecies, and later described an additional
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structures that secrete oils, forming blisters under the cuticle (Simpson et al. 1977). Female bees rupture the cuticle (J. L. Neff and Simpson 1981) and collect
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the flora). Subsection Munzia is subdivided into three series (W. Dietrich 1977), only one of which occurs in the United States as a naturalized plant. None
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States. J. Arnold Arbor. 68: 259--268. Posluszny, U. and P. B. Tomlinson. 1977. Morphology and development of floral shoots and organs in certain Zannichelliaceae
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from the trunk where it contacts moist soil (A. G. Shuey and R. P. Wunderlin 1977). In the wild, Rhapidophyllum forms suckers along its stem, and it is thatis
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[in Russian]. In: M. V. Klokov et al., eds. 1977. 1978. Novosti sistematiki vysshikh i nizshikh rasteniy 1977. Kiev. Pp. 7-73. Ranunculus testiculatus window
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America. Amer. J. Bot. 84: 1198–1210. Hopkins, C. O. and W. H. Blackwell. 1977. Synopsis of Suaeda (Chenopodiaceae) in North America. Sida 7: 147–173. Iljin
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south to central Mexico with a center of diversity in Texas (H. F. Towner 1977). P. H. Raven (1964) separated Calylophus from Oenothera as treated by P
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Older leaves may be glabrate or glabrous. Fowler, B. A. and B. L. Turner. 1977. Taxonomy of Selinocarpus and Ammocodon (Nyctaginaceae). Phytologia 37: 177–208
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hybrid C. richardii × C. pteridoides. Evolution 28: 439--446. Hickok, L. G. 1977. Cytological relationships between three diploid species of the fern genus
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North America (Mojave Desert). Species 3 (3 in the flora). Janish, J. R. 1977. Nevada's vanishing bear-poppies. Mentzelia 3: 2-5. Mozingo, H. N. and Margaret
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as “parasymbiosis.” J. L. de Sloover (1977) provided a key to all species of the genus. Sloover, J. L. de. 1977. Note de bryologie Africaine. IX. Andreaea
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in being wider at the base, and smooth rather than scabrous. But, P.P.H. 1977. Systematics of Pleuropogon R. Br. (Poaceae). Ph.D. dissertation, University
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misidentifications. The specimens involved belong to A. barbata. Baum, B.R. 1977. Oats: Wild and Cultivated Dore, W.G. and J. McNeill. 1980. Grasses of Ontario
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descriptions represent the largest dimensions on a given plant. Ackerman, J. D. 1977. Biosystematics of the genus Piperia Rydb. (Orchidaceae). Bot. J. Linn. Soc
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on the Aleutians Islands. Peterson (1977) clarified the taxonomic position of D. ontariense, while P. Isoviita (1977) amplified on the complex nomenclatural
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that counts of In = 42 (Gould 1965 and Reeder 1968 for P. fimbriatum; Reeder 1977 for P. pringlei) represent an aneuploid reduction from 2n = 44. It is also
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1976. A Handbook of Succulent Plants…. 3 vols. Poole. Vol. 3. Jacobsen, H. 1977. Lexicon of Succulent Plants…, ed. 2. Poole. Pp. 395–583. Pax, F. A. and
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chromosomes in meiosis, and is self-compatible and autogamous (W. Dietrich 1977). Subspecies stricta is naturalized in many areas around the world and may
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genusPlatythelys speciesPlatythelys querceticola (Lindley) Garay Bradea 2: 197. 1977. James D. Ackerman Common names: Jug orchid Illustrated Basionym: Physurus
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in relation to pond culture. Bull Bureau Fish. 33: 251--291. Reveal, J. L. 1977. Potamogetonaceae. In: A. Cronquist et al. 1972+. Intermountain Flora. Vascular
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probably be treated as subgenera. Species 15–25 (6 in the flora). Hickey, R. J. 1977. The Lycopodium obscurum complex in North America. Amer. Fern J. 67: 45--49
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Nymphaeaceae. II. The flower of Nymphaea. Bot. Gaz. 122: 233-259. Ward, D. B. 1977. Keys to the flora of Florida. 4. Nymphaea (Nymphaeaceae). Phytologia 37:
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and abundance of Shortia galacifolia. Rhodora 57: 189–201. Hatley, J. R. 1977. An Analysis of Variation in Shortia galacifolia. M.S. thesis. North Carolina
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complex (Orchidaceae) in Mesoamerica. Lindleyana 8: 25–31. Brieger, F. G. 1977. On the Maxillariinae (Orchidaceae) with sepaline spur. Bot. Jahrb. Syst
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found throughout these ornamentals (W. H. Lewis and M. P. F. Elvin-Lewis 1977). Streveler, B. E. 1966. A Taxonomic Study of the Genus Convallaria (Liliaceae)
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