key, “radiate heads” have ray florets; “eradiate heads” lack ray florets and may be disciform, discoid, or radiant. Ray florets have zygomorphic corollas
270 KB (5,940 words) - 20:46, 31 January 2022
from receptacles among florets, e.g., some Gaillardia spp.; sometimes pitted, pit borders often fimbrillate to lacerate). Ray florets (rarely 0) usually in
24 KB (1,707 words) - 21:07, 5 November 2020
either in 1 series interior to ray florets, then usually connate and persistent, or 1 palea subtending each disc floret, then usually distinct and soon
11 KB (603 words) - 21:13, 5 November 2020
usually falling, oblong to linear or filiform, flat or ± conduplicate). Ray florets 0 or in 1(–2+) series, usually pistillate and fertile, rarely neuter or
18 KB (990 words) - 20:56, 5 November 2020
socket margins often fimbrillate; paleate in Eastwoodia and Rigiopappus). Ray florets 0 or in 1(–2+) series, usually pistillate, rarely neuter or styliferous
74 KB (1,788 words) - 20:57, 5 November 2020
paleate (paleae sometimes enfolding pistillate florets). Ray florets usually 0 (sometimes peripheral florets pistillate and corollas ± zygomorphic and bearing
21 KB (1,721 words) - 20:53, 5 November 2020
(paleae strongly conduplicate, each partly investing its subtended floret). Ray florets 0 or 3–25+, neuter; corollas yellow or orange, brown-purple, maroon
4 KB (390 words) - 21:14, 5 November 2020
thinner, each subtending a ray floret). Receptacles flat to slightly convex, paleate (paleae oblong, lanceolate, or linear). Ray florets 8–35+ in 1–4 series,
7 KB (387 words) - 21:10, 5 November 2020
investing subtended floret in H. newberryi). Ray florets usually 0, sometimes 8, pistillate, fertile; corollas white or whitish. Disc florets 12–70+, bisexual
3 KB (300 words) - 21:14, 5 November 2020
(often pitted and often bristly-setose or densely hairy). Ray florets 0 (corollas of peripheral florets in radiant heads often notably enlarged, usually 5-lobed
11 KB (727 words) - 17:16, 10 May 2024
Etymology: Greek tetra, four, and neuron, nerve, alluding to venation of ray floret corollas Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 447. Mentioned
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lance-attenuate or oblanceolate, herbaceous, each usually 1/2 enveloping subtended ray floret proximally, abaxially ± hirsute and sessile- or stipitate-glandular).
9 KB (579 words) - 21:13, 5 November 2020
lance-attenuate or oblanceolate, herbaceous, each usually 1/2 enveloping subtended ray floret proximally, abaxially scabroso-hirtellous, hirsute, or villous and/or
5 KB (425 words) - 21:13, 5 November 2020
sockets sometimes ± membranous). Florets of 1, 2, or 3+ kinds in a head (some not readily assignable to usual ray- and disc-floret categories, ± 3 combinations
8 KB (640 words) - 20:50, 5 November 2020
glabrous. Staminate heads 2–53 (ray florets: 0 or 1–70, styliferous and sterile, corolla laminae 1.1–12 mm; disc florets 11–78, functionally staminate;
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lanceolate or oblanceolate, herbaceous, each usually 1/2 enveloping a subtended ray floret proximally, abaxially pubescent to hirsute or villous, and stipitate-glandular)
5 KB (476 words) - 21:14, 5 November 2020
oblanceolate, or obovate, herbaceous, each usually 1/2 enveloping a subtended ray floret proximally, abaxially with pit-gland-tipped processes and glabrous or
5 KB (389 words) - 21:14, 5 November 2020
lance-attenuate or oblanceolate, herbaceous, each 1/2 or fully enveloping subtended ray floret proximally, ciliolate, abaxially stipitate-glandular, sometimes hirtellous)
6 KB (589 words) - 21:14, 5 November 2020
subtending a ray floret). Receptacles conic, paleate (paleae persistent, lanceolate to lance-ovate, flat or weakly conduplicate, apices acute). Ray florets 6–21+
4 KB (299 words) - 21:12, 5 November 2020
(paleae ± linear-conduplicate, each wrapped round a disc floret, distally dilated, hirtellous). Ray florets (2–)8(–13), pistillate, fertile; corollas pale yellow
8 KB (477 words) - 21:10, 5 November 2020
deflexed, 0.1–0.3 mm. Phyllary apices acute to short-acuminate. Ray florets (10–)25–45. Disc floret corollas: bases (mature) bulbous-swollen, indurate. Cypselae:
3 KB (192 words) - 19:29, 6 November 2020
navicular, membranous to scarious, each about equaling subtended floret). Ray florets 0 or 5–20+, pistillate, fertile; corollas yellow to orange [white
4 KB (335 words) - 21:11, 5 November 2020
enveloping a disc floret, pit borders irregularly toothed to entire), epaleate (pits sometimes interpreted as formed from connate paleae). Ray florets 8–22, neuter;
4 KB (273 words) - 21:07, 5 November 2020
fimbrillate, all or the peripheral each ± enfolding a disc floret. Ray (pistillate) florets 5(–8), fertile; corollas ochroleucous, tubes stout, glandular
6 KB (386 words) - 21:11, 5 November 2020
weakly clavate apically. The genus is divided into three sections based on ray floret presence or absence, monomorphic or dimorphic cypselae, and, to a lesser
20 KB (1,289 words) - 21:03, 5 November 2020
conduplicate, each enfolding a floret). Ray florets 1–5, pistillate, fertile; corollas whitish (tubes often longer than laminae). Disc florets 3–20+, functionally
3 KB (259 words) - 21:14, 5 November 2020
oblanceolate (± navicular), herbaceous, each ± 1/2 investing subtended ray floret proximally, abaxially canescent to hirsute or hispid to glabrate, usually
6 KB (489 words) - 21:14, 5 November 2020
paleate (paleae falling, subtending all or most disc florets, outer herbaceous, inner scarious). Ray florets (2–)3–5(–8), pistillate, fertile; corollas whitish
3 KB (310 words) - 21:13, 5 November 2020
outer pistillate florets have relatively small, ± filiform laminae (such florets are technically “ray florets” even though their “rays” are inconspicuous)
92 KB (1,874 words) - 21:04, 5 November 2020
each closely investing subtended floret, each forming a hard perigynium around a fruit and shed with it). Ray florets 5–8, neuter; corollas (readily falling)
3 KB (274 words) - 21:11, 5 November 2020
glabrous; ray floret 1; Ouachita Mountains, along border of Arkansas andOklahoma Solidago ouachitensis 5 Cypselae sparsely to densely hairy; ray florets (1–)2–5;
6 KB (239 words) - 21:01, 5 November 2020
sometimes conic, epaleate (sometimes pitted, pit margins often fimbrillate). Ray florets 0 or in 1(–2+) series, usually pistillate and fertile, rarely neuter or
18 KB (925 words) - 20:59, 5 November 2020
enfolding a floret). Receptacles ± flat, obscurely pitted, sparsely paleate (between ray and disc florets, paleae resembling inner phyllaries). Ray florets 3–13+
3 KB (282 words) - 21:05, 5 November 2020
3–6+ mm diam. Phyllaries (veiny, often purple-tipped, each subtending a ray floret) persistent, 5–13+ in 1(–2) series, erect (reflexed in fruit), basally
3 KB (273 words) - 21:00, 5 November 2020
linear, herbaceous to chartaceous or scarious, usually conduplicate). Ray florets usually (1–)3–40+, sometimes 0, usually pistillate and fertile, sometimes
16 KB (613 words) - 21:10, 5 November 2020
stipitate-glandular. Receptacles flat to slightly convex, pitted, epaleate. Ray florets (8–)12–35(–75+); usually in 1 series, in 2–5 series, rarely in 4–5+ series
57 KB (1,333 words) - 20:35, 6 November 2020
membranous, each enfolding a floret). Ray florets 1–5, pistillate, fertile; corollas whitish (tubes often longer than laminae). Disc florets 3–20+, functionally
3 KB (240 words) - 21:14, 5 November 2020
an associated cypsela may be interpreted as paleae). Ray florets 0 (corollas of peripheral florets sometimes notably larger than those of the inner, then
12 KB (619 words) - 21:15, 5 November 2020
straight, 0.6–2.4 mm, thick-based. Phyllary apices long-acuminate. Ray florets 13–21. Disc floret corollas: base not swollen and indurate. Cypselae: hairs apically
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deflexed or antrorse, 0.2–0.5 mm. Phyllary apices long-acuminate. Ray florets 30–75. Disc floret corollas: bases indurate, not conspicuously swollen. Cypselae:
3 KB (205 words) - 21:05, 5 November 2020
linear-lanceolate, unequal, outer acute, inner obtuse. Ray florets 5–11; laminae 2.8–5.5 × 0.3–0.7 mm. Disc florets 3–10; 2.5–4.6 mm, lobes 0.4-0.6 mm. Cypselae
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enations, sometimes gland-dotted; outer disc florets rarely subtended by paleae in Amblyolepis). Ray florets 0, or 1–55 (in 1–3 series), pistillate and fertile
8 KB (488 words) - 21:07, 5 November 2020
conic, usually epaleate, rarely paleate (paleae readily falling). Ray florets 0. Disc florets bisexual, fertile; corollas white, ochroleucous, or pink to purplish
13 KB (623 words) - 21:08, 5 November 2020
heads 4–32; ray (or pistillate) florets 5–70, corolla laminae 0 or 0.1–6.3 mm; disc floret style branches 0–1.7 mm. Pistillate heads 8–42; ray (or pistillate)
4 KB (335 words) - 21:00, 5 November 2020
3–32; ray florets 2–27, corolla laminae 2.1–7.8 mm; disc floret style branches 0.4–1.4 mm, papillate or hairy. Pistillate heads 9–34; ray florets 48–89
4 KB (324 words) - 21:00, 5 November 2020
2–20; ray florets 1–13, corolla laminae 1.6–12 mm; disc floret style branches 0.05–2 mm, papillate or hairy. Pistillate heads 5–19; ray florets 30–109
4 KB (292 words) - 21:00, 5 November 2020
heads 8–35; ray florets 4–19, corolla laminae 1.1–7.7 mm; disc floret style branches 0.5–2.3 mm, hairy. Pistillate heads 6–34; ray florets 31–139, corolla
4 KB (308 words) - 21:00, 5 November 2020
(2–)2.5–4.5 mm. Ray florets (7–)13–24; corolla laminae white, occasionally drying with bluish midstripe abaxially, (4–)6–10(–12) mm. Disc floret corollas 2–3
3 KB (231 words) - 21:03, 5 November 2020
green, margins erose-hyaline, inner more widely so, apices mucronulate. Ray floret laminae 5–8 mm. Cypselae golden brown, ribs stramineous. 2n = 18. Phenology:
3 KB (214 words) - 20:58, 5 November 2020
stipitate-glandular, often resinous. Receptacles slightly convex, pitted, epaleate. Ray florets 0, or 1–18, pistillate, fertile; corollas usually yellow (white in E.
19 KB (930 words) - 21:05, 5 November 2020
epaleate (paleae usually 0, rare in Eriophyllum). Ray florets 0 or 4–21, pistillate, fertile (3–8 peripheral florets pistillate, fertile, corollas tubular in Amblyopappus
6 KB (428 words) - 21:14, 5 November 2020
epaleate. Ray florets 0 or (1–)5–13, pistillate, fertile; corollas pale yellow to orange-red (tubes 1–4 mm, laminae 4–16 mm). Disc florets 20–80+, bisexual
36 KB (999 words) - 20:59, 5 November 2020
margins usually scarious. Receptacles flat to convex, foveolate, epaleate. Ray florets usually ± 5, 8, 13, or 21 [34], pistillate, fertile, sometimes 0; corollas
25 KB (1,128 words) - 20:59, 5 November 2020
(receptacles sometimes pitted, pit margins sometimes fimbrillate to laciniate). Ray florets 0 or 1–21+, pistillate, fertile; corollas yellow to orange (sometimes
7 KB (477 words) - 21:13, 5 November 2020
purplish striae, orbiculate to oblong or linear, ± flat to slightly cupped). Ray florets 0 or 1–21+ (more in cultivars), pistillate and fertile, or neuter, or
7 KB (547 words) - 21:12, 5 November 2020
thornless, wandlike branches. Leaves mostly 10–40 mm. Involucres 4–5.5(–6) mm. Ray floret laminae 3.5–5(–7) mm. 2n = 18. Phenology: Flowering (May–)Aug–Nov. Habitat:
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North America Association Leaf blades 2–15 cm × 1–7+ mm. Phyllaries 10–20 mm. Ray corollas inconspicuous, laminae usually erect, sometimes spreading, 4–7 mm
3 KB (228 words) - 21:13, 5 November 2020
becoming hardened perigynia completely investing cypselae in Sclerocarpus). Ray florets 0 or 5–30(–100+), neuter, or styliferous and sterile; corollas usually
6 KB (429 words) - 21:11, 5 November 2020
Stems usually simple, sometimes ± branched. Heads radiate. Ray florets fewer than disc florets, in 1 series (corollas conspicuous). Disc corollas ± ampliate
4 KB (413 words) - 20:58, 5 November 2020
branch axes beneath the sessile florets, the dispersal unit being a sessile floret, the internode to the next sessile floret, the pedicel, and the pedicellate
26 KB (2,165 words) - 18:57, 11 May 2021
(not adnate to and not falling with cypselae except in C. bigelovii). Ray florets mostly (5–)8(–12+, more in “double” cultivars), neuter, or styliferous
7 KB (584 words) - 21:12, 5 November 2020
convex, pitted, epaleate. Ray florets (0–)2–15(–24), pistillate, fertile; corollas yellow, rarely white (usually glabrous). Disc florets 2–35(–60), bisexual
13 KB (793 words) - 20:33, 8 December 2021
pitted, epaleate. Ray florets 0, or (1–)3–18, pistillate, fertile; corollas cream, yellow, or white (showy or rudimentary). Disc florets 5–200, bisexual
4 KB (330 words) - 21:14, 5 November 2020
palmeri). Ray florets 0 (peripheral pistillate florets in disciform heads usually 1–20, their corollas filiform; corollas of 1–3 pistillate florets in heads
11 KB (1,203 words) - 20:57, 5 November 2020
usually diamond-shaped to lanceolate, apices sometimes foliaceous. Ray (or pistillate) florets usually (6–)7–50(–60) in 1 series and laminae (3–)5–18(–21) ×
3 KB (333 words) - 20:58, 5 November 2020
Receptacles flat or convex, epaleate. Ray florets 0 or 8–12 pistillate, fertile; corollas yellow or white. Disc florets 5–100+, bisexual, fertile; corollas
4 KB (315 words) - 21:14, 5 November 2020
mohavense). Ray florets 0, or 4–13(–15), pistillate, fertile; corollas yellow or white (sometimes with reddish veins in E. lanosum). Disc florets (3–)10–300
10 KB (777 words) - 21:15, 5 November 2020
epaleate. Ray florets 0. Peripheral (pistillate) florets in 1–3+ series, fertile; corollas yellowish. Inner (functionally staminate [bisexual]) florets [1–]2–15[+];
4 KB (331 words) - 20:56, 5 November 2020
sometimes reddish or purplish). Ray florets usually 5–30+(–100+ in cultivars), rarely 0, neuter; corollas usually yellow. Disc florets (15–)30–150+(–1000+ in cultivars)
28 KB (884 words) - 21:11, 5 November 2020
oil-glands). Receptacles convex to conic, smooth or finely pitted, epaleate. Ray florets 0 or 1–8(–13+) (to 100+ in “double” cultivars), pistillate, fertile (except
7 KB (462 words) - 20:35, 6 November 2020
Phyllaries sparsely strigose, moderately to faces densely stipitate-glandular. Ray floret laminae 9.5–14 mm (averaging 11.6 mm). Cypsela faces sparsely to moderately
4 KB (360 words) - 21:03, 5 November 2020
epaleate (except H. newberryi). Ray florets 0 or 8, pistillate, fertile; corollas white to ochroleucous. Disc florets 12–70+, bisexual, fertile; corollas
6 KB (325 words) - 21:14, 5 November 2020
campanulate, or hemispheric, 5–11 × 3.5–14 mm. Ray florets 0, or 3–5, or 6–18; corollas yellow. Disc florets 9–200; corollas yellow or white. Cypselae linear
9 KB (299 words) - 21:14, 5 November 2020
epaleate. Ray florets (4–)13–34(–67+), pistillate, fertile; corollas usually white, pink, bluish, or lavender (yellow in T. aprica). Disc florets (16–)30–100(–200+)
12 KB (645 words) - 20:38, 6 November 2020
convex, pitted, epaleate. Ray florets 5–60, pistillate, fertile; corollas white to purple (coiling at maturity). Disc florets 8–260, bisexual, fertile;
15 KB (789 words) - 21:06, 5 November 2020
ovoid, pitted (glabrous), epaleate (rarely bearing setiform enations). Ray florets 0 or 7–34, pistillate and fertile or neuter; corollas yellow, yellow with
8 KB (469 words) - 20:39, 6 November 2020
falling, in 1 series, between rays and discs or subtending ± all disc florets, distinct, phyllary-like, more scarious). Ray florets 0 or 3–27, pistillate, fertile;
10 KB (478 words) - 21:13, 5 November 2020
paleae 0). Ray florets 0 or 5(–8), pistillate, fertile; corollas whitish to yellowish, laminae seldom conspicuous. Peripheral (pistillate) florets 0 or 1–10+;
10 KB (723 words) - 21:10, 5 November 2020
arrangement R Ray Ray coloration Ray count Ray course Ray length or size Ray orientation or shape Ray pubescence Ray reflectance Ray shape Ray some measurement
430 bytes (1,651 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
sometimes yellow to orange, with darker striae) ± flat to slightly navicular. Ray florets usually 1–21+ (often 3, 5, 8, or 13), sometimes 0, usually neuter, sometimes
17 KB (808 words) - 21:12, 5 November 2020
(paleae 3–10+ in C. carphoclinia). Ray florets 0 (sometimes simulated by enlarged peripheral disc corollas). Disc florets 8–70+, bisexual, fertile (diurnal
7 KB (674 words) - 21:07, 5 November 2020
subulate, smooth, papillate, or pitted, glabrous or hairy, epaleate. Ray florets 4–16, pistillate, fertile; corollas yellow to orangish (sometimes white
7 KB (670 words) - 21:14, 5 November 2020
convex, smooth or pitted, epaleate. Ray florets 0, or 5–22, pistillate, fertile; corollas yellow to orange. Disc florets 10–120, usually bisexual and fertile
12 KB (567 words) - 21:15, 5 November 2020
herbivores, including insects. Ray florets of Pectis are inserted directly onto the bases of the phyllaries, and the phyllaries and ray cypselae tend to fall together
11 KB (928 words) - 21:13, 5 November 2020
herbaceous to scarious, linear to filiform in V. encelioides and V. nana). Ray florets 0 or (1–)5–30, either pistillate and fertile, or styliferous and sterile
8 KB (460 words) - 21:10, 5 November 2020
laciniate or irregularly bristly, the teeth or setae 0.1–2+ mm), epaleate. Ray florets 0 (in X. grindelioides and 2 Mexican taxa) or 12–60+, pistillate, fertile;
8 KB (617 words) - 21:06, 5 November 2020
usually (2–)3–6, sometimes borne singly. Involucres 10–15 × 15–20 mm. Ray floret corollas 9–12 mm. Phenology: Flowering Jul–Oct. Habitat: Mountain meadows
3 KB (168 words) - 21:06, 5 November 2020
foveolate, sometimes setose). Ray florets 0 (corollas of peripheral florets enlarged, zygomorphic, ± raylike in Stokesia). Disc florets bisexual, fertile; corollas
7 KB (548 words) - 20:50, 5 November 2020
innermost appressed, apices often ± purplish, acuminate. Ray floret laminae 7–11(–15) × 0.8–1.2 mm. Disc floret corollas 5–7 mm, glabrous, lobes 0.5–0.7 mm. Cypselae
4 KB (285 words) - 20:35, 6 November 2020
falling with mature cypselae). Ray florets 0–1; laminae pale yellow or whitish, oblique or suborbiculate, 0.5–1 mm. Disc florets 0–1(–2); corolla tubes 0.5–1
4 KB (391 words) - 21:13, 5 November 2020
to acute or attenuate to apiculate, faces glabrous or hairy abaxially. Ray florets 6–25+; corollas usually yellow-orange proximally, yellow distally, sometimes
7 KB (348 words) - 21:08, 5 November 2020
persistent, in 1 series between rays and discs, ± connate, forming plicate cups, distinct apices usually acute to acuminate). Ray florets 1–6, pistillate, fertile;
9 KB (640 words) - 21:13, 5 November 2020
as a unit with spent disc florets). Ray florets 3–20+, pistillate, fertile; corollas yellow, orange, or white. Disc florets 3–150+, functionally staminate;
4 KB (353 words) - 21:13, 5 November 2020
Receptacles flat to convex, epaleate. Ray florets 0, or 1–6, pistillate, fertile; corollas yellow. Disc florets 1–60[–100+], bisexual, fertile; corollas
4 KB (274 words) - 21:13, 5 November 2020
Involucres 3.5–6 mm. Ray florets (8–)16–26; corolla laminae white, occasionally drying with bluish midstripe abaxially, (6–)8–17 mm. Disc floret corollas 2.5–3
3 KB (209 words) - 21:03, 5 November 2020
Involucres 4–6.8 mm. Ray florets 18–35; corolla laminae white or abaxially lavender, often drying pinkish, 8–13 mm. Disc floret corollas 3.2–3.8 mm. Cypselae
3 KB (186 words) - 21:03, 5 November 2020
Stems usually simple, sometimes ± branched. Heads radiate. Ray florets fewer than disc florets, in 1 series (conspicuous). Disc corollas ± ampliate, lobes
2 KB (205 words) - 20:59, 5 November 2020
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: ray-floret A subproperty of flower A Part of flower None. None.
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attenuate to apiculate, usually hairy. Ray florets 0 or 8–15+; corollas bright yellow. Discs 12–60(–80) × 10–30 mm. Disc florets (100–)150–300(–600+); corollas
8 KB (381 words) - 21:15, 5 November 2020
globoid, ovoid, or conic (flat in H. ambigens), smooth or pitted, epaleate. Ray florets usually (3–)8–13(–16), sometimes 14–34 [0], pistillate, fertile; corollas
12 KB (799 words) - 21:08, 5 November 2020