to form a perigynium, which has an orifice at the tip through which the style projects. In most species of Carex, the axillary branch (rachilla) is apparently
82 KB (3,643 words) - 21:20, 17 July 2023
seldom smooth; stamens 2–3; styles undivided or shallowly 2-fid, or deeply cleft into 2(–3) linear stigmatic branches; style base persistent as tubercle
33 KB (1,224 words) - 14:02, 19 March 2024
absent between stamens and pistils; pistils 4-250, simple; ovule 1 per ovary; style present or absent. Fruits achenes, rarely utricles, aggregate, sessile, discoid
12 KB (580 words) - 22:49, 5 November 2020
surrounding ovary; nectary at base of style, open or sometimes covered by outgrowths of proximal portion of style base or of flower tube wall as specialized
5 KB (602 words) - 22:57, 5 November 2020
2. Achenes biconvex, smaller than bodies of perigynia, with short apiculus formed by persistent base of style; style deciduous, base not enlarged. North
55 KB (863 words) - 21:41, 5 November 2020
Capsules 1-locular, generally globose; beak often formed by persistent style base. Seeds 3, globose to ovoid, base often with tuft of fibrous hairs (vestige
4 KB (371 words) - 21:30, 5 November 2020
in R. recurvatus), glabrous, free margin entire; style present. Fruits achenes, 1-locular; achene body discoid, strongly flattened, 3-15 times as wide as
9 KB (314 words) - 22:50, 5 November 2020
glabrous or setose, free margin entire or fringed; style present. Fruits achenes, 1-locular; achene body thick-lenticular or asymmetrically thick-lenticular
9 KB (342 words) - 22:45, 5 November 2020
(2–)3. Achenes trigonous, rarely biconvex, almost as large as bodies of perigynia; style deciduous. Circumtemperate and circumboreal. Species ca. 35 (20
13 KB (657 words) - 21:37, 5 November 2020
basally attached, anatropous ovule; styles 1 in each bisexual, functionally staminate, or pistillate floret; each style usually ringed at base by a nectary
270 KB (5,940 words) - 20:46, 31 January 2022
glabrous or ciliate, free margin entire or lobed; style present. Fruits achenes, 1-locular; achene body globose-lenticular to globose, 1-2 times as wide
6 KB (396 words) - 22:49, 5 November 2020
not tailed, apical appendages usually ovate to lanceolate, sometimes 0; styles abaxially papillate to hirsutulous (usually distally, sometimes at bases)
13 KB (623 words) - 21:08, 5 November 2020
ovule 1 per pistil; style present. Fruits achenes, aggregate, sessile or stalked, ovoid to obovoid, sides not veined; beak (persistent style) present, sometimes
16 KB (1,220 words) - 20:37, 6 November 2020
equal phyllaries in 1–2 series, receptacles epaleate, anthers not tailed, style branches truncate or truncate-penicillate, and pappi of fine bristles; exceptions
18 KB (925 words) - 20:59, 5 November 2020
(2–)3. Achenes trigonous or, rarely, biconvex, almost as large as bodies of perigynia; style persistent. Temperate to arctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere
10 KB (436 words) - 21:44, 5 November 2020
sometimes penicillate; ovaries with 2 style branches, branches fused at the base. Caryopses fusiform, not ribbed, style bases persistent; hila linear, almost
22 KB (1,566 words) - 17:22, 11 May 2021
covering nectary, glabrous, free margin entire; style present. Fruits achenes, 1-locular; achene body discoid, strongly flattened, 3-7 times as wide as
4 KB (254 words) - 22:45, 5 November 2020
length of body, orifice entire to bidentate, teeth to 1 mm. Stigmas 3. Achenes trigonous, smaller than to almost as large as bodies of perigynia; style deciduous
13 KB (807 words) - 21:43, 5 November 2020
displaced onto flap, glabrous, free margin entire; style present or absent. Fruits achenes, 1-locular; achene body thick-lenticular or compressed-ellipsoid to
4 KB (250 words) - 22:49, 5 November 2020
hairs; style bearded or beardless; spur gibbous or elongated; stamens connivent, but distinct, forming cone around ovary, not adherent to style, dehiscing
33 KB (2,273 words) - 23:19, 5 November 2020
present, 0.1–1 mm. Stigmas 3. Achenes trigonous, smaller than bodies of perigynia; style persistent or deciduous. Mostly temperate Asia and North America
9 KB (501 words) - 21:43, 5 November 2020
at least as long as body, entire at orifice. Stigmas 3. Achenes trigonous, as large as or smaller than bodies of perigynia; style deciduous, slightly dilated
8 KB (470 words) - 21:38, 5 November 2020
with abaxial suture. Stigmas 2. Achenes biconvex, smaller than bodies of perigynia; style deciduous. Mainly North America, Mexico, introduced to Europe
5 KB (340 words) - 21:41, 5 November 2020
of 3; stamens 20-250 or more; pistil 3-5(-7)-carpellate; ovary 1-locular; style short, to 3 mm in fruit; stigma 3-5(-7)-lobed. Capsules erect, 3-5(-7)-valved
11 KB (563 words) - 22:50, 5 November 2020
In Thalictrum species, the stigma extends down the side of the style, so length of style in fruit (beak) includes the stigma. For many species no reliable
14 KB (849 words) - 22:49, 5 November 2020
scalelike; stamens 1–3(–5); ovary superior; stigmas and styles 2. Fruiting structures: style bases at maturity forming characteristic bifid rostrum (“beak”)
13 KB (1,144 words) - 22:59, 5 November 2020
covering nectary, glabrous, free margin entire; style present. Fruits achenes, 1-locular; achene body ellipsoid or flattened-ellipsoid, 1-2 times as wide
4 KB (245 words) - 22:46, 5 November 2020
staminodes present or absent; pistil 1, 1-locular; placentation basal; ovule1; style present or stigma sessile; stigma linear [capitate]; Bisexual flowers: tepals
7 KB (600 words) - 22:53, 14 January 2021
linear-oblong; style tips elongate (as measured in descriptions including the slightly swollen nodes, long cylindric fused portions of style branches and
56 KB (1,993 words) - 20:52, 5 November 2020
straight line through the abaxial portion of the perigynium body. Perigynium length includes the body and beak, unless noted otherwise. Crins, W. J. and P. W
6 KB (471 words) - 21:44, 5 November 2020
basifixed, pollen usually shed in tetrads, rarely singly; ovary 4-locular, style erect, stigma entire and clavate to capitate, or deeply 4-lobed, commissural
26 KB (1,416 words) - 17:40, 2 December 2022
sessile, biconvex or plano-convex, almost as large as bodies of perigynia, apex rounded; style deciduous, enlarged at base. North America, e Asia. Species
6 KB (361 words) - 21:41, 5 November 2020
nectary, glabrous, free margin entire; style present. Fruits utricles or winged achenes, 1-locular; fruit body obovoid to flattened-obovoid, 1-2.5 times
3 KB (227 words) - 22:47, 5 November 2020
1/4 length of body, with abaxial suture, margins often serrulate, apex slightly bidentate. Stigmas 2. Achenes biconvex, smaller than bodies of perigynia;
6 KB (479 words) - 21:41, 5 November 2020
glabrous), lobes 5, erect to spreading, triangular to narrowly lanceolate; style-branch appendages broadly to narrowly triangular (lengths 0.7–1 times stigmatic
13 KB (793 words) - 20:33, 8 December 2021
Pistillate scales pale to copper-brown, midvein reaching apex, broad, apex of body retuse, aristate. Perigynia divergent, pale brown, inflated, loosely enclosing
4 KB (319 words) - 19:35, 6 November 2020
or longer. Stigmas 3. Achenes trigonous, 1.2–3 mm, smaller than bodies of perigynia; style persistent or deciduous. Temperate regions of e and mid w North
4 KB (239 words) - 21:44, 5 November 2020
abaxial suture, bidentate. Stigmas 2. Achenes biconvex, smaller than bodies of perigynia; style deciduous. Mainly in the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere
12 KB (379 words) - 21:41, 5 November 2020
hemispheric. Phyllaries many in 6–many series, unequal, proximal part appressed, body margins entire, distal parts expanded into erect to spreading, usually ±
16 KB (1,523 words) - 20:37, 6 November 2020
2[–8]-carpellate, syncarpous; ovary superior, (1 or)2[–8]-locular; placentation axile; style 1; stigmas 2; ovule 1 per locule [2–40]. Fruits capsules or pseudomonomerous
11 KB (1,157 words) - 23:52, 2 December 2022
tailed, apical appendages usually triangular to linear, sometimes none; styles abaxially glabrous and smooth or papillate (distally), branches ± linear
74 KB (1,788 words) - 20:57, 5 November 2020
shallowly bidentate. Stigmas 2. Achenes biconvex, smaller than bodies of perigynia; style deciduous. x = 27–48. Worldwide. Species 70–90 (31 in the flora)
14 KB (773 words) - 21:42, 5 November 2020
throats, lobes 5, erect to spreading or reflexed, deltate to triangular; style-branch appendages lanceolate to subulate. Cypselae (tan to reddish brown)
19 KB (930 words) - 21:05, 5 November 2020
opaque, subtly veined, not or only slightly extending beyond apex or base of body, distal margins sometimes dilated and flattened, broader than lamina, interior
9 KB (416 words) - 22:56, 5 November 2020
Micranthemum), placentation axile; ovules orthotropous, unitegmic, tenuinucellate; style 1; stigma 1, 2-lobed, capitate or clavate or neither (Micranthemum). Fruits
5 KB (464 words) - 20:36, 5 November 2020
orifice truncate. Stigmas 3. Achenes trigonous, almost as large as bodies of perigynia; style deciduous. North America, Mexico. Species 5 (3 in the flora).
3 KB (173 words) - 21:38, 5 November 2020
(including beak): style usually less than 1 mm. > 2 1 Capsules lanceolate to subulate, tapering to beak, 3.3–5.6 mm (including beak); style usually more than
4 KB (188 words) - 21:30, 5 November 2020
flower longer than style, in fruit shriveling and turning brown, appressed to mericarps and reaching from top of fruit body to tip of style, margins becoming
4 KB (410 words) - 20:15, 5 November 2020
(awns erect, tubular, as long as body), dehiscent by terminal or subterminal pore; pistil 5-carpellate; ovary 5-locular; (style enlarged just distal to ovary);
3 KB (311 words) - 23:47, 5 November 2020
with abaxial suture. Stigmas 2. Achenes biconvex, smaller than bodies of perigynia; style deciduous, slightly thickened at base. Temperate regions of North
6 KB (351 words) - 21:41, 5 November 2020
margins entire, clear; anthers 2 times filament length; stigmas ± equaling style length. Capsules green to straw-colored, exceeding tepals; beak a mucro;
3 KB (241 words) - 21:31, 5 November 2020
between stamens and pistils; pistils 10-400, simple; ovule 1 per pistil; style persistent. Fruits achenes, aggregate, sessile, prismatic, exposed face forming
4 KB (305 words) - 22:50, 5 November 2020
rosulatum); anthers parallel, surrounding but not appressed to style branches; styles 3, erect, connate at least basally, filiform, not broad and petaloid
21 KB (1,177 words) - 22:16, 5 November 2020
Stigmas 2–3. Achenes trigonous, smaller than to almost filling bodies of perigynia; style deciduous. Dry plains, wetlands, arctic, alpine tundras in North
12 KB (420 words) - 21:42, 5 November 2020
than tubes), lobes 4–10 mm; style tips 3.5–8 mm. Cypselae light to dark brown, 4–6.5 mm, apical collars usually colored like body; pappi 17–35 mm, white to
10 KB (905 words) - 19:32, 6 November 2020
between stamens and pistils; pistils ca. 20-50, simple; ovule 1 per pistil; style present. Fruits achenes, aggregate, sessile, nearly globose, sides veined
4 KB (416 words) - 22:52, 5 November 2020
apical appendage. Pistillate flowers: ovary tapering to persistent, spinelike style; ovule pendulous. Achene ellipsoid, moderately compressed, surface smooth
6 KB (513 words) - 22:46, 5 November 2020
usually oblong (filaments sometimes papillate to pilose; connate in Silybum); styles (bisexual, fertile florets) distally enlarged or swollen, usually dilated
11 KB (727 words) - 17:16, 10 May 2024
entire or bidentate. Stigmas 2. Achenes biconvex, smaller than bodies of perigynia; style deciduous. x = 27–33. Circumboreal, high montane regions of North
8 KB (425 words) - 21:41, 5 November 2020
9–4.8 × 1.3–2 mm, body conspicuously hirsute or pubescent, at least distal 1/4 (occasionally only proximal to beak); beak 0–0.8 mm, style base often conspicuously
3 KB (286 words) - 19:35, 6 November 2020
at maturity, shorter; stamens 6, filaments 0.7–1 mm, anthers 1.1–1.6 mm; style 0.2 mm. Capsules brown to chestnut brown, 3-locular, oblate, 4.5–7(–8) ×
4 KB (308 words) - 21:31, 5 November 2020
ovate-elliptic or elliptic, 1.5–3.5 mm, apex aristate; style branches spreading, shorter than body of fruit; stigmas 3. Staminate flowers clustered at tips
6 KB (633 words) - 23:01, 5 November 2020
acute or acuminate, gradually narrowing into aristate tip; style branches erect, shorter than body of fruit; stigmas 3. Staminate flowers at tips of inflorescences;
6 KB (631 words) - 23:01, 5 November 2020
margin sometimes erose; filaments 13–40(–44) mm, anthers 10–24(–25) mm; style (45–)55–192 mm, stigma usually exserted beyond anthers at anthesis. Capsules
6 KB (527 words) - 11:33, 9 May 2022
unequal or subequal, 1.5–2.5 mm, apex obtuse to subacute; style branches elongated, shorter than body of fruit; stigmas 3. Staminate flowers few at tips of
3 KB (302 words) - 23:01, 5 November 2020
length of body, with abaxial suture, entire or sparsely serrulate, emarginate. Stigmas 2. Achenes biconvex, only slightly smaller than bodies of perigynia;
2 KB (194 words) - 21:41, 5 November 2020
1–18[–30]; filaments connate basally [or distinct]; gynoecium 1-carpellate; styles filiform; stigmas capitate, fusiform to linear, or ending in tufts of hairs;
14 KB (1,274 words) - 22:57, 5 November 2020
sometimes scarious at maturity; stamens absent [rudimentary]; pistil 1; ovule 1; style 0.1–1 mm, or absent; stigmas 2–3(–5), slender. Staminate flowers: tepals
26 KB (1,309 words) - 23:01, 5 November 2020
mm, orifice entire. Stigmas 3. Achenes trigonous, smaller than bodies of perigynia; style deciduous. North America, Mexico. Species 21 (20 in the flora)
12 KB (514 words) - 21:43, 5 November 2020
absent; stamens 1–2; ovaries 1, bottle-shaped, 1-locular, tapering into short style; stigma funnel-shaped. Fruits follicles; pericarp membranous, opening by
9 KB (964 words) - 21:29, 5 November 2020
covering nectary, glabrous, free margin entire; style present. Fruits achenes, 1-locular; achene body ellipsoid, about as wide as thick, not prolonged
2 KB (177 words) - 22:47, 5 November 2020
flap over nectary, glabrous, free margin entire; style present. Fruits achenes, 1-locular; achene body discoid to flattened-lenticular, oblong to obovate
3 KB (217 words) - 22:47, 5 November 2020
sides, forming pocket, glabrous, free margin entire; style present. Fruits achenes, 1-locular; achene body oblong-lenticular, 1.9-2.6 times as wide as thick
2 KB (178 words) - 20:33, 6 November 2020
surrounding nectary, glabrous, free margin entire; style present. Fruits achenes, 1-locular; achene body cylindric, 1.4-2 times as wide as thick, not prolonged
3 KB (203 words) - 22:51, 5 November 2020
short flap), glabrous, free margin entire; style present. Fruits achenes, 1-locular, 4.2-5.2 mm; achene body oblong-lenticular, 1.3-1.7 times as wide as
2 KB (184 words) - 22:45, 5 November 2020
ridge below nectary, glabrous, free margin entire; style present. Fruits achenes, 1-locular; achene body cylindric, about as wide as thick, not prolonged
2 KB (166 words) - 22:51, 5 November 2020
nectary, glabrous, free margin entire; style present. Fruits achenes, 3-locular, lateral locules empty; achene body ellipsoid, about as wide as thick, not
3 KB (225 words) - 22:48, 5 November 2020
surrounding nectary, glabrous, free margin entire; style present. Fruits achenes, 1-locular; achene body cylindric, about as wide as thick, not prolonged
3 KB (199 words) - 22:49, 5 November 2020
ovary half inferior with proximal portions of perianth adnate at maturity; style 3-branched at apex. Fruits capsular, 3-locular, beaked. Seeds amber, deeply
4 KB (258 words) - 22:14, 5 November 2020
translucent, prominently veined, scarious, extending beyond apex and/or base of body; sulci smooth or coarsely rugose. North America (including n Mexico). Species
4 KB (263 words) - 22:56, 5 November 2020
Perigynia dark brown-black, 3–5-veined abaxially, 0–3-veined adaxially, body ovate to lanceolate, 3–4.5 × 1.5–2 mm, base rounded to cordate, conspicuous
3 KB (356 words) - 21:41, 5 November 2020
perianth absent; stamens 1–3; anthers 2–4 mm, apex usually mucronate or awned; styles linear, 2–3-fid, base deciduous or persistent, hypogynium rudimentary or
8 KB (551 words) - 21:40, 5 November 2020
within hypanthium; ovules 2 per locule, distal ovule abortive, submarginal; style elongate, filiform; stigma dry, decurrent. Fruits achenes, 1-35, dark reddish
3 KB (270 words) - 22:46, 5 November 2020
evidently longer than the others; ovaries 1-loculed, with (1)2-3(4) styles or style branches, stigmatic region usually plumose. Fruits caryopses, pericarp
28 KB (1,872 words) - 17:21, 11 May 2021
yellow, oblong-cordate to narrowly sagittate, 1–3 mm; ovary 1.5–3 mm diam.; style 5-ridged, cylindric, stout, 1–2 mm; stigma globose to pyramidal. Schizocarps
4 KB (381 words) - 20:17, 5 November 2020
5–2 mm, apex acute, often very shortly mucronate; style branches strongly spreading, shorter than body of fruit; stigmas 3. Staminate flowers usually clustered
4 KB (377 words) - 23:01, 5 November 2020
veins terminating before the apices, apices scarious, thinner than the palea body; lodicules 3, glabrous, ovate, acute, posterior lodicule smaller than the
4 KB (443 words) - 17:22, 11 May 2021
tubes shorter than narrowly tubular throats, lobes 5, erect, triangular; style-branch appendages lanceolate-acute. Cypselae (brownish) obovoid to widely
4 KB (386 words) - 21:03, 5 November 2020
tepals rounded, shorter; stamens 6, filaments 0.2–0.4 mm, anthers 1.2–1.8 mm; style 1–1.2 mm. Capsules yellow-brown, pseudo-3-locular, nearly globose, 3.5–5
3 KB (286 words) - 16:47, 13 March 2024
between stamens and pistils; pistils [1-]2-10, simple; ovules 2-6 per pistil; style present. Fruits follicles, aggregate, sessile or stipitate, oblong or elliptic
6 KB (519 words) - 22:49, 5 November 2020
abortive, 9–42 × 1.5–3.5 mm. Pistillate scales with distinct body, 2.9–7(–11.8) × 0.4–0.9(–1.1) mm, body 1.5–2.5 mm, translucent, apex with long, scabrous awn
3 KB (340 words) - 21:44, 5 November 2020
between stamens and pistils; pistils 4-15, simple; ovules 4-10 per pistil; style present. Fruits follicles, aggregate, stipitate, forming umbel-like clusters
4 KB (294 words) - 22:48, 5 November 2020
0–15 cm. Involucres cylindric or ovoid to campanulate, 1.5–4 × 1–2.5 cm (body), loosely arachnoid or ± glabrous. Phyllaries in 7–9 series, imbricate, green
8 KB (914 words) - 19:29, 6 November 2020
mm, orifice entire. Stigmas 3. Achenes trigonous, smaller than bodies of perigynia; style deciduous. Temperate e North America. Species 8 (8 in the flora)
6 KB (315 words) - 21:43, 5 November 2020
glabrous; stamens 80-100, whitish; styles white. Heads of achenes spheric, rarely cylindric; pedicel (2-)3-10 cm. Achenes: body ovoid, 2-4 × 1-1.5 mm, not winged
4 KB (363 words) - 17:58, 6 November 2020
0.6–1 mm; styles 0.5–0.8 mm. Capsules tan, pseudo-3-locular, 3-gonous–cylindric, apex obtuse, mucronate. Seeds tan or darker, fusiform, body 0.5–1 mm,
3 KB (224 words) - 19:34, 6 November 2020
with abaxial suture. Stigmas 2. Achenes biconvex, smaller than bodies of perigynia; style deciduous. North America, temperate Eurasia, n, e, s Africa, s
6 KB (422 words) - 21:40, 5 November 2020
apical appendages mostly ovate to lance-ovate or linear (usually flat); styles abaxially glabrous or (mostly distally) papillate, branches ± linear, adaxially
21 KB (1,721 words) - 20:53, 5 November 2020
Stigmas (2–)3. Achenes trigonous, rarely biconvex, smaller than bodies of perigynia; style deciduous. Temperate and artic regions of North America and Eurasia
6 KB (312 words) - 21:43, 5 November 2020
sides, forming pocket, glabrous, free margin entire; style absent. Fruits achenes, 1-locular; achene body ellipsoid, about as wide as thick, not prolonged
2 KB (166 words) - 22:49, 5 November 2020