(Hydrocharitaceae). Aquatic Bot. 17: 1--27. Díaz-Miranda, D., D. Philcox, and P. Denny. 1981. Taxonomic clarification of Limnobium Rich. and Hydromystria G. W. F. Meyer
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rhizophyllum to produce A. × shawneense (R. C. Moran) H. E. Ballard (R. C. Moran 1981). None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"species","name":"Asplenium
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taxonomically difficult. Discussions of Fabronia by H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson (1981) and W. R. Buck (1994b) are enlightening with respect to taxonomic problems
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are pollen-sterile (R. V. Kesseli and S. K. Jain 1984, 1987). W. H. Parker (1981) reported that the corollas of Limnanthes douglasii subsp. douglasii and
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coexist, and they usually show intermediate ecologic preferences (H. Toivonen 1981). Hybrids are intermediate in morphology and some show hybrid vigor. They
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speciesPackera antennariifolia (Britton) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 45. 1981. Debra K. Trock Common names: Shalebarren ragwort Endemic Basionym: Senecio
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speciesPackera clevelandii (Greene) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 46. 1981. Debra K. Trock Common names: Cleveland’s ragwort Endemic Basionym: Senecio
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speciesPackera greenei (A. Gray) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 47. 1981. Debra K. Trock Common names: Flame ragwort EndemicConservation concern Basionym:
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speciesPackera hesperia (Greene) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 47. 1981. Debra K. Trock Common names: Western ragwort EndemicConservation concern
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speciesDouglasia idahoensis Douglass M. Henderson Brittonia 33: 52, fig. 1. 1981 ,. Sylvia Kelso Common names: Idaho dwarf primrose Endemic Treatment appears
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oederianus (Swartz) H. A. Crum & L. E. Anderson Mosses E. N. Amer. 1: 636. 1981. Dana G. Griffin III Illustrated Basionym: Bartramia oederiana Swartz J.
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speciesPackera bernardina (Greene) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 45. 1981. Debra K. Trock Common names: San Bernardino ragwort EndemicConservation
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subspeciesDelphinium carolinianum subsp. vimineum (D. Don) M. J. Warnock Syst. Bot. 6: 49. 1981. Michael J. Warnock Common names: Pine woods larkspur blue larkspur Gulf
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speciesPackera cardamine (Greene) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 46. 1981. Debra K. Trock Common names: Bittercress ragwort IllustratedEndemicConservation
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speciesLycopodiella prostrata (R. M. Harper) Cranfill Amer. Fern J. 71: 97. 1981. Warren H. Wagner Jr., Joseph M. Beitel Common names: Prostrate bog club-moss
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speciesPackera flettii (Wiegand) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 46. 1981. Debra K. Trock Common names: Flett’s ragwort Endemic Basionym: Senecio flettii Wiegand
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speciesEccremidium floridanum H. A. Crum Bryologist 84: 531, figs. 1–10. 1981,. William R. Buck Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment on page 462
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speciesIsothecium alopecuroides (Lamarck ex Dubois) Isoviita Ann. Bot. Fenn. 18: 202. 1981. Wilfred B. Schofield† Basionym: Hypnum alopecuroides Lamarck ex Dubois Méth
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subspeciesCarex canescens subsp. disjuncta (Fernald) Toivonen Ann. Bot. Fenn. 18: 94. 1981. Heikki Toivonen Common names: Carex disjoint IllustratedEndemic Basionym:
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Phaeostoma speciesClarkia unguiculata Lindley Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 23: sub plate 1981. 1837. Harlan Lewis†, Peter C. Hoch Common names: Elegant or woodland clarkia mountain
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speciesPackera breweri (Burtt Davy) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 46. 1981. Debra K. Trock Common names: Brewer’s ragwort Endemic Basionym: Senecio
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speciesPackera debilis (Nuttall) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 46. 1981. Debra K. Trock Common names: Weak groundsel Endemic Basionym: Senecio debilis Nuttall
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speciesPackera franciscana (Greene) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 47. 1981. Debra K. Trock Common names: San Francisco Peaks ragwort EndemicConservation
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(T. M. Barkley & R. M. Beauchamp) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 47. 1981. Debra K. Trock Common names: Gander’s ragwort EndemicConservation concern
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genusPohlia speciesPohlia andrewsii A. J. Shaw Bryologist 84: 70, figs. 11 – 34. 1981. A. Jonathan Shaw Treatment appears in FNA Volume 28. Treatment on page 208
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straight. North America, n Mexico. Species 3 (3 in the flora). Warnock, M. J. 1981. Biosystematics of the Delphinium carolinianum complex (Ranunculaceae). Syst
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perforation plates with many bars suggests Magnoliales or Annonales (A. Cronquist 1981; R. M. T. Dahlgren 1980; H. Melchoir and W. Schultze-Motel 1959; R. F. Thorne
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uncertain. Various alliances have been suggested: Hamamelidales (A. Cronquist 1981), Sapindales (R. M. T. Dahlgren 1980), and Rutales (R. F. Thorne 1983) of
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be best treated as a unigeneric family near the Lamiaceae; A. Cronquist (1981) placed it within the Lamiaceae. Polypremum has often been placed in the
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species among the octoploid members of the complex," but later Stebbins (1981) stated that "... all the North American octoploids. . . should be united
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and L. A. S. Johnson. 1989. Casuarinaceae. In: R. Robertson et al., eds. 1981+. Flora of Australia. 14+ vols. Canberra. Vol. 3, pp. 100-174. Woodall, S
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Additional information may be found in B. G. Baldwin et al. (2002), H. Robinson (1981), and B. Nordenstam (1977[1978]). Senecionid shrubs with ovate to elliptic
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Genera 17, species ca. 240 (9 genera, 25 species in the flora). A. Cronquist (1981) placed Hydrangeaceae among a group of woody families traditionally allied
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stamens. The affinities of the family have been controversial. A. Cronquist (1981) outlined the problems, noting that the presence of an aril (and some embryologic
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Marshalliinae was related to epaleate subtribes of Heliantheae by H. Robinson (1981), rather than to Eupatorieae, as suggested by T. F. Stuessy (1977[1978])
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(Simpson et al. 1977). Female bees rupture the cuticle (J. L. Neff and Simpson 1981) and collect the oils for nest linings (S. B. Vinson et al. 1996) and larval
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subgenus Coptophyllum. Iowa State Coll. J. Sci. 36: 349--482. Mickel, J. T. 1981. The fern genus Anemia (Schizaeaceae) subgenus Anemiorrhiza. Brittonia 33:
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of Penthorum within Rosales has been disputed extensively. A. Cronquist (1981) considered it to be transitional between Crassulaceae and Saxifragaceae
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speciesPackera fendleri (A. Gray) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 46. 1981. Debra K. Trock Common names: Fendler’s ragwort Endemic Basionym: Senecio
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speciesPackera crocata (Rydberg) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 46. 1981. Debra K. Trock Common names: Saffron ragwort Endemic Basionym: Senecio crocatus Rydberg
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speciesPackera hartiana (A. Heller) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 47. 1981. Debra K. Trock Common names: Hart’s ragwort Endemic Basionym: Senecio hartianus A
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Windham Basionym: Arabis pulchra var. duchesnensis Rollins Syst. Bot. 6: 59. 1981 Synonyms: Boechera pulchra var. duchesnensis (Rollins) Dorn Treatment appears
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speciesEcheandia flavescens (Schultes & Schultes f.) Cruden Sida 9: 146. 1981. Robert W. Cruden Illustrated Basionym: Anthericum flavescens Schultes &
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Physarieae genusPhysaria speciesPhysaria eburniflora Rollins Brittonia 33: 333. 1981. Steve L. O’Kane Jr. Common names: Devils Gate twinpod Endemic Treatment
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genusPackera speciesPackera cana (Hooker) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 46. 1981. Debra K. Trock Common names: Woolly groundsel IllustratedEndemic Basionym:
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speciesPackera cynthioides (Greene) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 46. 1981. Debra K. Trock Common names: White Mountain ragwort Endemic Basionym: Senecio
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genusPohlia speciesPohlia tundrae A. J. Shaw Bryologist 84: 65, figs. 1 – 10. 1981. A. Jonathan Shaw Treatment appears in FNA Volume 28. Treatment on page 204
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Quercus speciesQuercus cornelius-mulleri Nixon & K. P. Steele Madroño 28: 210. 1981. Kevin C. Nixon Common names: Muller oak Illustrated Treatment appears in
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speciesPackera anonyma (Alph. Wood) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 45. 1981. Debra K. Trock Common names: Small’s ragwort IllustratedEndemic Basionym:
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speciesHuperzia miyoshiana (Makino) Ching Acta Bot. Yunnan. 3(3): 303, 304. 1981. Warren H. Wagner Jr., Joseph M. Beitel Common names: Pacific fir-moss lycopode
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infusion of the flowers is used for ptomaine poisoning, and M. L. Zigmond (1981) stated that the Kawaiisu used mashed flowers as a salve for gonorrheal sores
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genera, but resembles Munroa, in its leafy-bracteate inflorescence (Caro 1981). Seedlings of Dasyochloa, like those of Erioneuron, are shaggy-white-villous
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disjunct locality in Clay County, where only two trees were recorded in 1981 (R.B. Figlar 1981). A survey in 1995 failed to locate the species in the same site
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Wyatt, R. 1981. Ant-pollination of the granite outcrop endemic Diamorpha smallii. Amer. J. Bot. 68: 1212–1217. Wyatt, R. and A. Stoneburner. 1981. Patterns
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flowering phenology of Diapensia lapponica is bimodal (R. T. Day and P. J. Scott 1981). In some populations, one group of plants flowers in May through June, and
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Tenn., Vt., Va., Wash., W.Va., n, c Europe. H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson (1981) did not recognize as Andreaea crassinervia those eastern North American
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Names of New World cypresses (Cupressus). Phytologia 20: 429--445. Silba, J. 1981. Revision of Cupressus L. (Cupressaceae). Phytologia 49: 390--399. Wolf,
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including chemical evidence, were cited by Holmes (1981). For additional information, see Holmes (1981, 1993). None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"genus"
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in the flora). The circumscription of Ecliptinae adopted by H. Robinson (1981) and followed here differs from the treatment by P. O. Karis and O. Ryding
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weed flora of California rice fields. Aquatic Bot. 9:351-376 Carretero, J.L. 1981. El genero Echinochloa Beauv. en el sudeste de Europa. Anales Jard. Bot.
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the flora). Circumscription of Melampodiinae in the sense of H. Robinson (1981) is narrower than the traditional one (e.g., T. F. Stuessy 1973), which included
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new system of genera in the Old World. Blumea 19: 17--52. Holttum, R. E. 1981. The genus Oreopteris (Thelypteridaceae). Kew Bull. 36: 223--226. Holttum
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werckleanum H. Christ, are in need of monographic work (R. G. Stolze 1981; A. R. Smith 1981; J. T. Mickel and J. M. Beitel 1988). None. None. window.proper
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(Inuleae–Compositae). New Zealand J. Bot. 9: 157–185. Hilliard, O. M. and B. L. Burtt. 1981. Some generic concepts in Compositae–Gnaphaliinae. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 82:
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Theaceae should be defined to include only subfamily Theoideae of A. Cronquist (1981). These analyses place Theaceae in Ericales of the Asterid I clade (Angiosperm
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based on morphologic and chemical evidence (Clark; G. K. Brown and Clark 1981, 1982). R. C. Jackson (1979) and J. Grau (1976), more conservatively, have
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Zealand, Australia. Species 6 (1 in the flora). Dennis, W. M. and D. H. Webb. 1981. The distribution of Pilularia americana A. Br. (Marsileaceae) in North America
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face the stem axis, is morphologically abaxial (J. G. Croxdale 1978, 1979, 1981). Species ca. 10 (1 in the flora). None. Salvinia minima window.properti
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and Pacific Islands (Hawaii). Species 2 (1 in the flora). Karrfalt, E. E. 1981. The comparative and developmental morphology of the root system of Selaginella
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Seeds ca. 8-15. North America, Eurasia, circumboreal. Species 1. Warr, H. J. 1981. Variation in Vaccinium uliginosum in Northeastern North America. M.Sc. thesis
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(Hedwig) Hilferty ex H. A. Crum & L. E. Anderson Mosses E. N. Amer. 1: 169. 1981,. Howard A. Crum† Basionym: Dicranum schreberianum Hedwig Sp. Musc. Frond
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Physarieae genusPhysaria speciesPhysaria alpina Rollins Brittonia 33: 339. 1981. Steve L. O’Kane Jr. Common names: Avery Peak or alpine twinpod EndemicConservation
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Paronychioideae has been debated. Some workers (e.g., V. Bittrich 1993; A. Cronquist 1981) have considered them petals; we follow L. Petrusson and M. Thulin (1996)
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Genera 2, species ca. 45 (1 genus, 2 species in the flora). A. Cronquist (1981) classified Staphyleaceae within Sapindales. His circumscription of the family
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Eurasia, Africa (South Africa). Species 10–12 (3 in the flora). Crusio, W. E. 1981. Die Gattung Samolus. Inform. Z. A. G. Wasserpflanzen 11: 3–8. Ståhl, B.
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morphologically homogeneous throughout its disjunct range (H. H. Poppendieck 1981). None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"genus","name":"Amoreuxia"
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been included in Helenieae and Pseudoclappia in Senecioneae. H. Robinson (1981) suggested that the two genera are related to Varilla (Varillinae). None
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Ann. Bot. Fenn. 15: 101--106. Sarvela, J., D. M. Britton, and K. M. Pryer. 1981. Studies on the Gymnocarpium robertianum complex in North America. Rhodora
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been derived from Phytolaccaceae or a close common ancestor (A. Cronquist 1981), a relationship supported by J. Rodman et al. (1984) and S. R. Downie and
14 KB (1,274 words) - 22:57, 5 November 2020
M. 1981. Tradescantia bracteata Small and T. occidentalis (Britt.) Smyth in the Great Plains. [Abstract.] In: Botanical Society of America. 1981. Abstracts
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flora). The circumscription of Chaenactidinae used here (that of H. Robinson 1981) contrasts sharply with that of B. G. Baldwin (Baldwin and B. L. Wessa 2000;
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2 (1 in the flora). Varillinae may be allied with Clappiinae (H. Robinson 1981) or with Jaumeinae (P. O. Karis and O. Ryding 1994). None. Varilla window
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The family has been divided into three genera by some (e.g., A. Cronquist 1981): Magallana and Trophaeastrum, both monotypic and restricted to southern
3 KB (334 words) - 23:31, 5 November 2020
fully developed double peristome. According to H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson (1981), the columella is persistent and exserted after dehiscence. Both species
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to establish and maintain (M. A. Dirr 1998). Clay, K. and N. C. Ellstrand. 1981. Stylar polymorphism in Epigaea repens, a dioecious species. Bull. Torrey
3 KB (295 words) - 23:47, 5 November 2020
parvifolia (A. S. Weakley 2007). As noted by R. K. Godfrey and J. W. Wooten (1981) and other authors, this combination of characters represents but one extreme
3 KB (311 words) - 23:45, 5 November 2020
1873) and in Coreopsidinae (T. F. Stuessy 1973). According to H. Robinson (1981), the “glands on the anther appendages” in Guardiola “are distinct and massive
3 KB (259 words) - 21:14, 5 November 2020
Caulophyllum is occasionally cultivated in woodland gardens. Brett, J. F. 1981. The Morphology and Taxonomy of Caulophyllum thalictroides (L.) Michx. (Berberidaceae)
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(Orchidaceae) with sepaline spur. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 97: 548–574. Hammer, R. L. 1981. Finding new orchids: A contribution to the Orchidaceae of Florida. Fairchild
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Australian Cayratia sect. Discypharia Suessenguth (K. Suessenguth 1953; A. Latiff 1981). Causonis trifolia (Linnaeus) Rafinesque, native to southeast Asia and Australia
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Aphanorrhegma serratum has been reported from Texas by H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson (1981). I have seen only one collection (Duke) from that state, but the specimen
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continental Asia including Japan and Formosa. Sinensia 5: 23--91. Gordon, J. E. 1981. Arachniodes simplicior new to South Carolina and the United States. Amer
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included in Espejoa or Hypericophyllum (in Chaenactidinae). H. Robinson (1981) allied Jaumeinae with Clappiinae and Flaveriinae. None. Jaumea window.p
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Dimeresiinae was originally placed in a broadly circumscribed Inuleae. H. Robinson (1981) suggested possible relationships with Galinsoginae and/or Helianthinae.
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examining the adaxial surface, where they appear as green lines. Anton, A.M. 1981. The genus Tragus (Gramineae). Kew Bull. 36:55-61. Tragus australianus, Tragus
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varietyCroptilon hookerianum var. validum (Rydberg) E. B. Smith Sida 9: 61. 1981. Guy L. Nesom Endemic Basionym: Isopappus validus Rydberg Brittonia 1: 100
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varietyPolygonella polygama var. brachystachya (Meisner) Wunderlin Florida Sci. 44: 79. 1981. Craig C. Freeman Endemic Basionym: Polygonella brachystachya Meisner in
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arctolitoralis Jurtzev & V. V. Petrovsky Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 66: 1045. 1981 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 8. Treatment on page 145. Mentioned on page
2 KB (141 words) - 23:42, 5 November 2020
varietyCroptilon hookerianum var. graniticum (E. B. Smith) E. B. Smith Sida 9: 61. 1981. Guy L. Nesom Endemic Basionym: Haplopappus validus subsp. graniticus E.
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(Carlquist et al. 2003). Such a circumscription was used by H. Robinson (1981) and is followed here. In papers by B. G. Baldwin and B. Wessa (2000) and
11 KB (603 words) - 21:13, 5 November 2020