forming cushions, green, occasionally blackish green distally, yellow-brown to dark brown proximally. Stems usually to 2 cm, occasionally branching; rounded-pentagonal
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(e.g., J. C. M. den Nijs and S. B. J. Menken 1994; J. Hughes and A. J. Richards 1988, 1989; L. M. King 1993; King and B. A. Schaal 1990; J. C. Lyman and
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style branches (glabrate, flattened), appendages lacking. Cypselae light brown, obovoid to cylindric, ± compressed, 5–10-nerved, glabrous or hispid; pappi
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and two putative hybrids (C. S. Campbell et al. 1985, 1987; Campbell and W. A. Wright 1996; J. E. Weber and Campbell 1989; A. C. Dibble et al. 1998; M. B
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fleshy; carpels cartilaginous; styles often persistent. Seeds 3–5, brown to reddish brown or yellowish, darkening with maturity, ovoid to lanceoloid, slightly
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septicidal, [rarely irregular or fruits drupaceous]. Seeds 2–20, reddish brown to dark brown, compressed or lenticular [angular], sometimes winged, (testa vascularized
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(except J. vaseyi). Worldwide. Species 25 (18 in the flora). Brooks, R. E. 1989. A Revision of Juncus Ssubgenus Poiophylli (Juncaceae) in the Eastern United
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Allium. In: C. L. Hitchcock et al. 1955–1969. Vascular Plants of the Pacific Northwest. 5 vols. Seattle. Vol. 1, pp. 739–760. Peterson, P. M., C. R. Annable
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apophyses, which at the time of seed-shed are cream to light brown or gray—rather than light red-brown. They are distinguished from each other as follows: P.
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lemmas, if present, hyaline, unawned; anthers 1-2, yellow to brown; stigmas elongate, purple to brown; styles connate or free. Pedicels not fused to the branch
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nonflowering plants), basal, ± petiolate; blade green or mottled with purple, brown, or white, lanceolate to ovate (wider if solitary), flat to folded, 6–60
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reddish to dark brown, gray, or gray-black, exfoliating or not; long and short shoots present; young stems tan or reddish brown to brown, glabrous or villous
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unequal (proximally papery or membranous; distally ± scarious, often black, brown, castaneous, cream, gray, green, olivaceous, pink, red, white, or yellow)
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Acanthogonum, which previously included C. rigida and C. corrugata (see below). J. L. Reveal and C. B. Hardham (1989b) considered that taxon to represent
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Dryopteris. Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 15: 141--162. Fraser-Jenkins, C. R. 1989. A classification of the genus Dryopteris (Pteridophyta: Dryopteridaceae)
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Heiser, C.B. 1962. Some observations on pollination and compatibility in Magnolia. Proc. Indiana Acad. Sci. 72: 259-266. Johnson, D.L. 1989. Species and
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Chinnappa, C. C. and J. K. Morton. 1976. Studies on the Stellaria longipes Goldie complex—Variation in wild populations. Rhodora 78: 488–501. Chinnappa, C. C.
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punctiform to ellipsoid, x = 9. N.C., Conn., N.J., N.Y., Wash., Va., Del., D.C, Wis., W.Va., Pacific Islands (Hawaii), Md., Alta., B.C., Man., N.B., N.S., Ont.
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Stellung der Gattung Calochortus. Beitr. Biol. Pflanzen 34: 405–452. Ness, B. D. 1989. Seed morphology and taxonomic relationships in Calochortus (Liliaceae).
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here called Notholaena. R. E. G. Pichi-Sermolli (1989), however, urged acceptance of the typification by C. Christensen ([1905–]1906). Both the second and
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