Buxus sempervirens C Calyptranthes Calyptranthes pallens Calyptranthes zuzygium Camissonia Camissonia benitensis Camissonia campestris C cont. Camissonia
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warei C Carex Carex aboriginum Carex abrupta Carex abscondita Carex acidicola Carex acutiformis Carex adelostoma Carex adusta Carex aestivalis C cont.
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Blepharizonia plumosa Borrichia arborescens Bradburia pilosa Brintonia discoidea C Calycadenia mollis Calycadenia multiglandulosa Calyptocarpus vialis Carlquistia
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C Carex aboriginum Carex abrupta Carex abscondita Carex acidicola Carex acutiformis Carex adelostoma Carex adusta Carex aestivalis Carex aggregata Carex
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Campbell, C. S., C. W. Greene, and T. A. Dickinson. 1991. Reproductive biology in subfam. Maloideae (Rosaceae). Syst. Bot. 16: 333–349. Campbell, C. S. et
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L. Wagner & Hoch Syst. Bot. Monogr. 83: 41. 2007. Warren L. Wagner, Peter C. Hoch Treatment appears in FNA Volume 10. Leaves: stipules present or absent
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Sargent, C. immanis Ashe, C. lecta Sargent, C. littoralis Sargent, C. menandiana Sargent, C. mercerensis Sargent, C. pilosa Sargent, C. pinguis Sargent, C
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whorled in Cardamine angustata, C. concatenata, and C. diphylla and in Lunaria annua; sometimes subopposite in C. dissecta and C. maxima and in Draba ogilviensis)
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Brachypodium sylvaticum C Celtica gigantea Cenchrus biflorus Cenchrus brownii Cenchrus echinatus Cenchrus gracillimus Cenchrus longispinus C cont. Cenchrus myosuroides
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area. Albach, D. C. et al. 2004. Evolution of Veroniceae: A phylogenetic perspective. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 91: 275–302. Albach, D. C. et al. 2004b. A
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Taraxia, Tetrapteron Dumortier Fl. Belg., 89. 1827. Warren L. Wagner, Peter C. Hoch Treatment appears in FNA Volume 10. Herbs (annual or perennial), [shrubs]
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Polygonaceae subfam. Eriogonoideae, Polygonaceae subfam. Polygonoideae Jussieu Craig C. Freeman, James L. Reveal Common names: Buckwheat Family Treatment appears
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comprehensive review of the economic importance of Cyperaceae, see D. A. Simpson and C. A. Inglis (2001). Bruhl, J. 1995. Sedge genera of the world: Relationships
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Soderstrom, K.W. Hilu, C.S. Campbell, and M.E. Barkworth (eds.) Grass Systematics and Evolution. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C., U.S.A. 473 pp
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more or less straight to slightly curved (hooked in C. chlorotica, C. exserta, C. mexicana, and C. sessiliflora) and never hooded, with the opening directed
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recognized families (Malvaceae in the narrow sense) forms a monophyletic group (C. Bayer et al. 1999; W. S. Alverson et al. 1999) and the monophyly of an expanded
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molecular and anatomical evidence (M. F. Fay and M. W. Chase 1996; J. C. Pires 2000; J. C. Pires et al. 2001). The Liliaceae include numerous important ornamentals
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been documented to include four species, Ceanothus cuneatus, C. divergens, C. gloriosus, and C. sonomensis (J. T. Howell 1940; M. A. Nobs 1963). The widespread
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Genera 6, species 91 or 92 (6 genera, 70 species in the flora). Hileman, L. C., M. C. Vasey, and V. T. Parker. 2001. Phylogeny and biogeography of the Arbutoideae
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Pedicularis, Rhinanthus, Schwalbea, Seymeria, Striga, Triphysaria Ventenat Craig C. Freeman, Richard K. Rabeler, Wayne J. Elisens Common names: Broomrape Family
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Cyperus thyrsiflorus Gordon C. Tucker*, Brian G. Marcks*, J. Richard Carter * Synonyms: Undefined subg. Chlorocyperus (Vahl) C. B. Clarke Cyperus subg. Mariscus Willdenow
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Petiolati, Penstemon sect. Saccanthera, Penstemon sect. Spectabiles Craig C. Freeman Treatment appears in FNA Volume 17. Treatment on page 92. Mentioned
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Harder 2001; M. C. Castellanos et al. 2004, 2006), pollination ecology and pollination syndromes (Straw 1963; F. S. Crosswhite and C. D. Crosswhite 1966;
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first year and not persist (C. bebbii, C. crawfordii, C. sychnocephala, C. viridula, and no doubt others). A few species, such as C. adusta, are short-lived
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rarely short, indehiscent and nutlike (C. heterandra); sessile or pedicellate. Seeds usually numerous, rarely (C. heterandra) 1 or 2, usually angled, cubic
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rusbyi Brickelliastrum fendleri Buddleja marrubiifolia Buddleja scordioides C Callirhoë involucrata var. involucrata Callirhoë leiocarpa Capraria biflora
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Thyrsiflorae, Solidago subsect. Triplinerviae, Solidago subsect. Venosae John C. Semple, Rachel E. Cook Treatment appears in FNA Volume 20. Treatment on page
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labiatus (Swartz) Kuntze was reported by C. A. Luer (1972) to be naturalized in Florida based on second-hand evidence (C. McCartney 1997). The purported occurrence
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Robinson, and C. Jeffrey, eds. 1990. Biology and Utilization of the Cucurbitaceae. Ithaca, N.Y. Heiser, C. B. 1979. The Gourd Book. Norman. Jeffrey, C. 1962.
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University of Georgia. Muller, C. H. 1951. The oaks of Texas. Contr. Texas Res. Found., Bot. Stud. 1: 21-323. Muller, C. H. 1961. The live oaks of the
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setiform scales (longer bristles shorter than corollas except in C. foliosum and C. arvense). x = 17. North America, Eurasia, n Africa. Species ca. 200
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Atriplex subsect. Truncatae, Atriplex subsect. Wolfianae (Gaertner) C. A. Meyer in C. F. von Ledebour, Fl. Altaic. 4: 315. 1833. Stanley L. Welsh Basionym:
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(red-tipped in C. glomeratum and C. pumilum, often violet-tipped in C. alpinum, purple in C. bialynickii, turning pale orange-brown in fruit in C. texanum)
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include: self-incompatible (C. brevipes, C. claviformis, C. multijuga, C. munzii, and probably C. confertiflora, C. eastwoodiae, and C. parryi; P. H. Raven 1962
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subfam. Aristidoideae tribePoaceae tribe Aristideae Show Lower Taxa Aristida C.E. Hubb. Kelly W. Allred Treatment appears in FNA Volume 25. Treatment on page
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Arbor. 50: 566–598. Carolin, R. C. 1987. A review of the family Portulacaceae. Austral. J. Bot. 35: 383–412. Carolin, R. C. 1993. Portulacaceae. In: K. Kubitzki
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The interserial hybrids Crataegus persimilis and C. ×sicca key out at couplets 16 and 20, respectively; C. turnerorum keys out in part at couplets 18 and
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Joinvilleaceae Toml. & A.C. Sm., Ecdeiocoleaceae D.F. Cutler &c& Airy Shaw, Restionaceae R. Br., Centrolepidaceae Endl., Anarthriaceae D.E Cutler &c& Airy Shaw, and
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evergreen. Branchlets not thorn-tipped. Leaves opposite (alternate in C. megacarpus and C. verrucosus); stipules persistent, thick, wartlike; blade leathery
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varieties is avoided in this account, and four species (C. blaisdellii, C. holmgrenii, C. nymanii, C. umbellata) are added to the flora. Cardamine corymbosa
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Glossostigma, Mimetanthe, Mimulus, Phryma Schauer Richard K. Rabeler, Craig C. Freeman, Wayne J. Elisens Common names: Monkeyflower Family Treatment appears
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segments (4–)5; stamens usually 5. Seeds all horizontal (rarely some vertical in C. urbicum). Worldwide. Species 100+ (26 in the flora). None. Chenopodium sect
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by L. E. Watson et al. (2000) and syntheses by K. Bremer and C. J. Humphries (1993) and by C. Oberprieler et al. (unpubl.) have resulted in changes in circumscriptions
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Ludwigioideae, Onagraceae subfam. Onagroideae Jussieu Warren L. Wagner, Peter C. Hoch Common names: Evening Primrose Family Treatment appears in FNA Volume
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shorter and pale pink or cream, rarely sterile (C. heterandra); ovary 4- or 8-grooved or ribbed, or smooth (C. heterandra). Capsules narrowly cylindrical or
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Newport News, Virginia (C. F. Reed 1964), but does not appear to have persisted there. Croton bonplandianus would also key with C. glandulosus but differs
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Brachyelytrum aristosum Brachyelytrum erectum Briza maxima Briza media Briza minor C Catabrosa aquatica Cinna arundinacea Cinna bolanderi Cinna latifolia Corynephorus
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reflectance distally; some subspecies of C. claviformis have white petals; three species (C. atwoodii, C. heterochroma, and C. megalantha) have lavender or purple
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include C. inequalis S. Stokes, C. turbinata Wiggins, C. mutabilis Brandegee, C. rosulenta Reveal, C. pulchella Brandegee, C. flava Brandegee, and C. interposita
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of Rhododendroideae. Amer. Midl. Naturalist 30: 533–625. Hebda, R. J. and C. C. Chinnappa. 1980. Cytological evidence for generic limits in tribe Cladothamneae
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Solidago Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 2: 878. 1753. , Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 374. 1754. John C. Semple, Rachel E. Cook Common names: Goldenrod Etymology: Latin solidus, whole
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Agrostis tolucensis Agrostis variabilis Agrostis vinealis B Bromidium tandilense C Coleanthus subtilis Cynosurus cristatus Cynosurus echinatus H Hygroryza aristata
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Comstock’s hairstreak (C. comstocki), bramble hairstreak (C. dumetorum), Lembert’s hairstreak (C. lemberti), Sheridan’s green hairstreak (C. sheridani), green
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Lower Taxa Castanea, Chrysolepis, Fagus, Lithocarpus, Quercus Dumortier Kevin C. Nixon Common names: Beech Family Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3. Treatment
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on ETS and ITS nrDNA sequence data. Amer. J. Bot. 90: 634–649. Xiang, C. and J. C. Semple. 1996. Molecular systematic study of Aster sensu lato and related
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species in the flora). Argue, C. L. 1974. Pollen studies in the Alismataceae (Alismaceae). Bot. Gaz. 135: 338--344. Argue, C. L. 1976. Pollen studies in
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here are: Ceanothus buxifolius Willdenow ex Schultes f., C. caeruleus, C. depressus Bentham, and C. ochraceus Suessenguth; all are native to Mexico and Central
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ophitidis, C. foliosa, C. muiriana, and C. bolanderi (California); C. breweri (California and Oregon); and C. cainii (North Carolina and Tennessee). An incomplete
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chromosome numbers of 2n = 82–86. Members of the C. stricta group (C. schottii, C. senta, C. nudata, and C. angustata) are moderately robust plants with hypostomatous
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familyAspleniaceae Show Lower Taxa Asplenium Newman Warren H. Wagner Jr., Robbin C. Moran, Charles R. Werth Common names: Spleenwort Family Treatment appears
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Arnott M. Napier, Encycl. Brit. ed. 7 5: 118. 1832. (as Vaccinieae) Gordon C. Tucker Treatment appears in FNA Volume 8. Treatment on page 496. Mentioned
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sect. Occidentales, Symphyotrichum sect. Symphyotrichum Luc Brouillet, John C. Semple, Geraldine A. Allen, Kenton L. Chambers, Scott D. Sundberg† Treatment
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Lophiris (Tausch) Spach Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 3, 5: 99. 1846. Norlan C. Henderson Common names: Beardless iris Basionym: Iris sect. Limniris Tausch
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Pityopsis (Compositae–Astereae). Canad. J. Bot. 58: 147–163. Semple, J. C., C. Leeder, C. Leuty, and L. Gray. 1988. Heterotheca sect. Ammodia (Compositae: Astereae):
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Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., U.S.A. 1051 pp. Hitchcock, C.L. 1969. Gramineae. Pp. 384-725 in C.L. Hitchcock, A. Cronquist, and M. Ownbey
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26: 1–74. Tucker, G. C. 1983. The taxonomy of Cyperus (Cyperaceae) in Costa Rica and Panama. Syst. Bot. Mongr. 2: 1–85. Tucker, G. C. and R. McVaugh. 1993
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L. Wagner & Hoch Syst. Bot. Monogr. 83: 41. 2007. Warren L. Wagner, Peter C. Hoch Treatment appears in FNA Volume 10. Leaves: stipules present. Flowers:
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Polygonella, Polygonum, Rheum, Rumex Eaton Bot. Dict. ed. 4, 30. 1836. Craig C. Freeman Common names: Knotweed Treatment appears in FNA Volume 5. Treatment
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series of “ray” florets) derived from Coreopsis auriculata, C. grandiflora, C. lanceolata, and C. tinctoria are grown in public and residential gardens and
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usually bear rudimentary anthers and clearly represent staminodes. Brayshaw, T. C. 1989. Buttercups, Waterlilies, and Their Relatives (the Order Ranales) in
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Allium. In: C. L. Hitchcock et al. 1955–1969. Vascular Plants of the Pacific Northwest. 5 vols. Seattle. Vol. 1, pp. 739–760. Peterson, P. M., C. R. Annable
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red-fruited species (C. franchetii, C. lacteus, C. pannosus, and C. simonsii) are weedy on the Pacific coast (J. M. Randall and J. Marinelli 1996; C. C. Bossard et
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undulatum, Symphyotrichum urophyllum, Symphyotrichum welshii Luc Brouillet, John C. Semple, Geraldine A. Allen, Kenton L. Chambers, Scott D. Sundberg† Treatment
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embryo development, betalain pigments, and P-type form (c) sieve-element plastids. Carolin, R. C. 1983. The trichomes of the Chenopodiaceae and Amaranthaceae
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caudices, sometimes with multiple forms on single individuals (e.g., C. umbellata and C. tuberosa); aerial stems erect or decumbent; nodes glabrous. Leaves
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branched. Leaves basal and/or cauline (smaller and sparser distally except in C. cusickii); alternate; usually petiolate; blades deltate, elliptic, linear
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Tripetalae, Iris (sect. Limniris) ser. Vernae Tausch Hort. Canal. 1. 1823. Norlan C. Henderson Treatment appears in FNA Volume 26. Rhizomes usually homogeneous
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rarely ± spreading (in dwarf taxa and C. exilis), ± strongly flexuous (slightly so in 140. C. teres and 150. C. exilis); twigs: new growth usually pubescent
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County (C. H. Knowlton and W. Deane 1924). Knowlton and Deane made no mention of C. bovina. According to J. Dostál (1976), C. bovina differs from C. diffusa
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America. Tucson. Hodgson, W. C. 1999. Vascular plants of Arizona: Agavaceae. J. Arizona-Nevada Acad. Sci. 32: 1–21. Hodgson, W. C. 2001. Food Plants of the
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Chamaenerion, Epilobium Endlicher Fl. Poson., 366. 1830. Warren L. Wagner, Peter C. Hoch Synonyms: Epilobioideae alph. Wood Boisduvaliinae raimann Epilobiinae
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nuclear and chloroplast genomes. Syst. Bot. 25: 738–750. Reed, C. F. 1969. Nyctaginaceae. In: C. L. Lundell. 1942–1969. Flora of Texas. 3 vols. in parts. Dallas
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Ericaceae subfam. Monotropoideae, Ericaceae subfam. Vaccinioideae Jussieu Gordon C. Tucker Common names: Heath Family Treatment appears in FNA Volume 8. Treatment
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require further study, including the Carex umbellata-C. tonsa, the C. deflexa-C. rossii, and the C. geophila-C. pityophila groups. Range extensions and morphologically
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Limosella, Myoporum, Scrophularia, Verbascum Jussieu Richard K. Rabeler, Craig C. Freeman, Wayne J. Elisens Common names: Figwort Family Treatment appears in
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States National Museum in Washington, D.C. Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 26: 31–64, 119–160. Bassett, I. J. and C. W. Crompton. 1982. The genus Chenopodium
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Opuntioideae, Cactaceae subfam. Pereskioideae Jussieu Bruce D. Parfitt, Arthur C. Gibson Common names: Cactus Family Treatment appears in FNA Volume 4. Treatment
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several (C. benitensis, C. campestris, C. integrifolia, C. lacustris, and C. sierrae) have more or less restricted ranges within California, or (C. strigulosa)
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(hooked in C. robustispina), terete, 4–55 mm. Flowers diurnal (sometimes ± vespertine in C. tuberculosa), borne at or near stem apex (lateral in C. recurvata)
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construct major subgeneric groups (C. Steven 1823; G. Bentham 1835; C. J. Maximowicz 1888; D. Prain 1890; G. Bonati 1918; Tsoong P. C. 1955); the latter author
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bigelovii Blepharidachne kingii Blepharoneuron tricholepis Buchloë dactyloides C Crypsis alopecuroides Crypsis schoenoides Crypsis vaginiflora Ctenium aromaticum
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filaments slender, usually pubescent (except C. pitcheri var. dictyota), connectives often ± prolonged (especially in C. pitcheri); staminodes absent. Achenes
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seslerioides, Cyperus surinamensis, Cyperus virens C. B. Clarke in J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 6: 597. 1893. Gordon C. Tucker*, Brian G. Marcks*, J. Richard Carter
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3–7(–16 in C. obispoensis) spikes; proximal nonbasal bracts leaflike, except in C. castanea, sheaths usually longer than 5 mm, except in C. castanea, C. misera
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ursopedensis. The first group comprises the C. chrysocarpa complex, the second, C. margarettae and C. dodgei. Members of the C. chrysocarpa complex have relatively
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serratodens, Carex specuicola, Carex stevenii, Carex stylosa G. Don in J. C. Loudon, Hort. Brit., 376. 1830. David F. Murray Synonyms: Carex sect. Atratae (Heuffel)
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familyPotamogetonaceae Show Lower Taxa Potamogeton, Stuckenia Dumortier Robert R. Haynes, C. Barre Hellquist Common names: Pondweed Family Treatment appears in FNA Volume
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Cylindropuntia ×kelvinensis, Cylindropuntia ×tetracantha (Engelmann) F. M. Knuth in C. Backeberg and F. M. Knuth, Kaktus-ABC, 410. 1935. Donald J. Pinkava Common
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Classification of the genus and identification of specimens remains difficult. C. K. Schneider (1919b) stated, “In determining willows one is only too often
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Subfamilies and Tribes of Rosaceae Kalkman, C. 1988. The phylogeny of the Rosaceae. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 98: 37–59. Kalkman, C. 2004. Rosaceae. In: K. Kubitzki et
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and dysploid derivatives. Conn., N.H., R.I., N.C., N.J., N.Y., Wash., Ala., Fla., W.Va., Mich., Del., D.C, Wis., Iowa, Pacific Islands (Hawaii), Colo.,
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Nesom Phytologia 75: 9. 1993. John C. Semple, Rachel E. Cook Basionym: Solidago (sect. Undefined) ser. Venosae G. Don in J. C. Loudon, Hort. Brit., 348. 1830
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Oxystylis, Peritoma, Polanisia, Tarenaya, Wislizenia Berchtold & J. Presl Gordon C. Tucker, Staria S. Vanderpool Common names: Spiderflower Family Treatment appears
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(Fischer & C. A. Meyer) P. H. Raven Brittonia 16: 287. 1964. Harlan Lewis†, Peter C. Hoch Basionym: Oenothera sect. Rhodanthos Fischer & C. A. Meyer Index
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Island, Baja California. Atriplex nitens Schkuhr, Bot. Handb. 3: 541. 1803 P. C. Standley (1916) reported this species in New York, New Jersey, South Dakota
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phylogenetic hypothesis for Chrysopsis. Phytologia 71: 109–121. Semple, J. C. and C. C. Chinnappa. 1980. Phylogenetic implications of meiosis in wild and cultivated
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petiole present on proximals, absent on distals; blade not fleshy (fleshy in C. callosa), not leathery, margins entire, sometimes toothed. Inflorescences
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Castanea ozarkensis, Castanea pumila Miller Gard. Dict. Abr. ed. 4. 1754. Kevin C. Nixon Common names: Chestnut châtaignier Etymology: Classical Latin, from
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variation. In: R. C. H. J. van Ham. 1994. Phylogenetic Implications of Chloroplast DNA Variation in the Crassulaceae. Utrecht. Pp. 81–103. Ham, R. C. H. J. van
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well-resolved phylogeny of the genus is needed. Clements, R. K., J. M. Baskin, and C. C. Baskin. 1998. The comparative biology of the two closely-related species
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species, C. pringlei and C. wrightii belong to the latter group, and C. arizonica is the sole representative of subgenus Othonoloma Link ex C. Christensen
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Marino, P. C. 1988. The North American distribution of the circumboreal species of Splachnum and Tetraplodon. Bryologist 91: 161–166. Marino, P. C. 1997. Competition
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419–421. Rollins, R. C. and E. A Shaw. 1973. The Genus Lesquerella (Cruciferae) in North America. Cambridge, Mass. Rollins, R. C. and U. C. Banerjee. 1975.
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131–149. Foster, R. C. 1937. A cytotaxonomic survey of the North American species of Iris. Contr. Gray Herb. 119: 3–79. Henderson, N. C. 1991. Iris ×pacifica
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namely Chorizanthe interposita Goodman of central Baja California, Mexico. C. D. Hardham (1989) reported a range of gametic numbers from single individuals
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1975; W. A. Robinson 1982; E. G. Voss 1972–1996, vol. 2; C. S. Campbell and W. A. Wright 1996; A. C. Dibble et al. 1998; A. Haines and T. F. Vining 1998;
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205–220. Standley, P. C. 1917. The Chenopodiaceae of the North American flora. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 44: 411–429. Standley, P. C. 1926. Chenopodiaceae
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proposed (G. C. Tucker 1986). Recent molecular work, combined with a review of morphology, indicates a sister relationship with Malpighiaceae (C. C. Davis and
3 KB (249 words) - 20:18, 5 November 2020
none is in general cultivation. C. H. Uhl has studied nearly 400 collections of Dudleya, including all known species (C. H. Uhl and R. V. Moran 1953). All
10 KB (1,162 words) - 23:43, 5 November 2020
Chaenactis macrantha, C. cusickii, and C. nevii appear to form occasional natural hybrids where sympatric. Chaenactis macrantha and C. cusickii may each warrant
8 KB (473 words) - 21:07, 5 November 2020
terrestrial species (C. capricorni R. Mason, C. muelleri Sonder, and C. sonderi Hegelmaier) have trilocular anthers; in these species and C. cycloptera Schotsman
9 KB (715 words) - 20:30, 5 November 2020
Nuttall Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n. s. 7: 318. 1840. Lowell E. Urbatsch, Loran C. Anderson, Roland P. Roberts, Kurt M. Neubig Common names: Goldenbush Etymology:
19 KB (930 words) - 21:05, 5 November 2020
flowers arranged in catkins, the “Amentiferae.” At about the same time, others (C. E. Bessey 1915) took a different view, regarding the simple flowers as the
9 KB (932 words) - 23:29, 5 November 2020
LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familySmilacaceae Show Lower Taxa Smilax Ventenat Walter C. Holmes Common names: Catbrier Family Treatment appears in FNA Volume 26. Treatment
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genus. J. C. Semple and L. Brouillet (1980) treated them as the separate genus Lasallea, an illegitimate name replaced by Virgulus (J. L. Reveal and C. S. Keener
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Stanley L. Welsh Basionym: Undefined subg. Pterochiton Torrey & Frémont in J. C. Frémont, Rep. Exped. Rocky Mts., 318. 1845 Atriplex sect. Deserticola (Ulbrich)
4 KB (412 words) - 23:00, 5 November 2020
Corydalis have been grown as ornamentals, particularly C. scouleri, C. aurea, C. sempervirens, and C. caseana; they may be found as garden escapes in areas
7 KB (460 words) - 22:45, 5 November 2020
55: 1197–1204. Rogers, C. M. 1963. Yellow flowered species of Linum in eastern North America. Brittonia 15: 97–122. Rogers, C. M. 1964. Yellow-flowered
5 KB (479 words) - 20:16, 5 November 2020
in C. maritima and C. tweedyi. x = 22, 23. North America (including Mexico), South America. Species ca. 35 (11 in the flora). Publications by R. C. Carolin
7 KB (549 words) - 23:01, 5 November 2020
hairy; bracteoles (not seen in 97. C. stonei and 98. C. ouachitensis), caducous, conspicuous, linear (oblong-linear in 96. C. biltmoreana), membranous (to nearly
11 KB (718 words) - 00:00, 6 November 2020
Perityle sect. Perityle Bentham Bot. Voy. Sulphur, 23, plate 15. 1844. Sharon C. Yarborough, A. Michael Powell Common names: Rock daisy Etymology: Greek peri
4 KB (330 words) - 21:14, 5 November 2020
Pl. 2: 1078. 1753; Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 485, 1754. Warren H. Wagner Jr., Robbin C. Moran, Charles R. Werth Common names: Spleenwort Etymology: Greek splen, spleen thought
10 KB (249 words) - 21:22, 5 November 2020
latissimifolia, Solidago rugosa, Solidago ulmifolia in J. C. Loudon, Hort. Brit., 348. 1830. John C. Semple, Rachel E. Cook Treatment appears in FNA Volume
2 KB (136 words) - 21:02, 5 November 2020
Erianthera (Rafinesque) Pennell Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 20: 327. 1920. Craig C. Freeman Endemic Basionym: Dasanthera Rafinesque J. Phys. Chim. Hist. Nat.
3 KB (230 words) - 20:30, 5 November 2020
R. E. Buck (1993, 1995) excluded three species of Caulanthus (C. anceps, C. flavescens, C. lasiophyllus) and placed them in the long-abandoned Guillenia
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Four of the domesticated species (C. argyrosperma K. Koch, C. maxima, C. moschata, and C. pepo) plus one wild species (C. ecuadoriensis Cutler & Whitaker)
11 KB (1,026 words) - 23:23, 5 November 2020
praeceptorum, Carex tenuiflora, Carex trisperma, Carex ursina G. Don in J. C. Loudon, Hort. Brit., 376. 1830. Heikki Toivonen Treatment appears in FNA Volume
8 KB (425 words) - 21:41, 5 November 2020
Pyrola, Sarcodes Arnott M. Napier, Encycl. Brit. ed. 7 5: 118. 1832. Gordon C. Tucker, Gary D. Wallace Synonyms: Undefined subfam. Pyroloideae Kosteletzky
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88:373^157 Kellogg, E.A. and C.S. Campbell. 1987. Phylogenetic analyses of the Gramineae. Pp. 310-322 in T.R. Soderstrom, K.W. Hilu, C.S. Campbell, and M.E. Barkworth
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, Ala., Mich., N.C., Pa., Puerto Rico, S.C., W.Va., Ark., Iowa, Kans., Mo., N.Dak., Nebr., Okla., S.Dak., Del., D.C, Wis., Alta., B.C., Man., N.B., Nfld
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hybrid between E. discoidea and E. nauseosa (L. C. Anderson and J. L. Reveal 1966). Ericameria ×uintahensis (L. C. Anderson) G. L. Nesom & G. I. Baird, “Uinta
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FNA Volume 10. Inflorescences: axis erect, or prostrate to decumbent (C. davyi, C. prostrata); buds erect. Flowers: floral tube funnelform to obconical
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reported for North America: Corispermum hyssopifolium Linnaeus, C. nitidum Kitaibel ex Schultes, and C. orientale Lamarck (all Eurasian). However, it is now clear
13 KB (1,144 words) - 22:59, 5 November 2020
familyLimnanthaceae Show Lower Taxa Floerkea, Limnanthes R. Brown Gordon C. Tucker Common names: Meadowfoam Family Treatment appears in FNA Volume 7.
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other species also extend to the West Indies, and L. stricta (C. Wright ex Grisebach) C. Wright is endemic to Cuba (Peng and H. Tobe 1987; Peng 1988, 1989)
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118-135. Keener, C. S. 1975. Studies in the Ranunculaceae of the southeastern United States. III. Clematis L. Sida 6: 33-47. Keener, C. S. and W. M. Dennis
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and D. C. Culver 1979; A. C. Cortés-Palomec and H. E. Ballard 2006; T. M. Culley 2000, 2002; G. Davidse 1976; L. Freitas and M. Sazima 2003; C. M. Herrera
33 KB (2,273 words) - 23:19, 5 November 2020
Chinnappa, C. C. and J. K. Morton. 1976. Studies on the Stellaria longipes Goldie complex—Variation in wild populations. Rhodora 78: 488–501. Chinnappa, C. C.
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xerantica Kunth Enum. Pl. 2: 394. 1837. Joy Mastrogiuseppe, Paul E. Rothrock, A. C. Dibble, A. A. Reznicek Treatment appears in FNA Volume 23. Plants usually
55 KB (863 words) - 21:41, 5 November 2020
The dudaim melon (C. melo), paddy melon (C. myriocarpus), and a few others possibly have the potential to become aggressively invasive. C. Jeffrey (1980b)
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familyNymphaeaceae Show Lower Taxa Nuphar, Nymphaea Salisbury John. H. Wiersema, C. Barre Hellquist Common names: Water-lily Family Treatment appears in FNA Volume
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species. Of these, the record of C. zygodonticarpus is based on a misidentification and C. paradoxus is a superfluous name for C. flexuosus, which is also included
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Okla., Pa., S.C., Wis., W.Va., Del., D.C, Pacific Islands (Hawaii), Kans., Minn., N.Dak., Mass., N.H., R.I., Vt., N.Mex., Tex., La., Oreg., N.C., Tenn., Calif
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previously allied with those now in Linderniaceae (D. C. Albach et al. 2005; R. Rahmanzadeh et al. 2005; D. C. Tank et al. 2006). None. Lindernia, Micranthemum
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intra-ovarian trichomes. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 112: 223–255. Fritsch, P. W., C. M. Morton, Chen T., and C. Meldrum. 2001. Phylogeny and biogeography of the Styracaceae
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evidence (D. B. O. Savile 1968b, 1979; D. C. Michener 1982; O. Mistretta and R. Scogin 1989; Wolfe et al.; C. E. Freeman et al. 2003). Among Keckiella
9 KB (928 words) - 23:29, 14 January 2021
2004). The present treatment is based partly on that by L. C. Anderson (1986). Anderson, L. C., and P. S. Weberg. 1974. The anatomy and taxonomy of Vanclevea
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Microgramma, Neurodium, Pecluma, Phlebodium, Pleopeltis, Polypodium J. Presl & C. Presl Alan R. Smith Common names: Polypody Family Treatment appears in FNA
5 KB (348 words) - 21:24, 5 November 2020
tarda, Solidago verna (Mackenzie) G. L. Nesom Phytologia 75: 10. 1993. John C. Semple, Rachel E. Cook Basionym: Argutae Mackenzie in J. K. Small, Man. S
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Idaho, Mont., Nebr., N.C., Conn., N.J., N.Y., Mass., Wash., Va., W.Va., Ark., Iowa, Kans., Mo., N.Dak., Okla., S.Dak., Ariz., D.C, Ga., Ill., Ky., Mich
40 KB (2,632 words) - 17:23, 11 May 2021
velutina, Quercus viminea, Quercus wislizeni G. Don in J. C. Loudon, Hort. Brit., 385. 1830. Kevin C. Nixon Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3. Trees or shrubs
22 KB (385 words) - 17:42, 30 November 2022
Diplacus viscidus Nuttall Ann. Nat. Hist. 1: 137. 1838. Guy L. Nesom, Melissa C. Tulig Common names: Sessile monkeyflower Etymology: Greek dis-, two, and plakos
23 KB (1,055 words) - 20:30, 5 November 2020
generally recognize fewer taxa (C. L. Hitchcock et al. 1955–1969, vol. 3; W. C. Martin and C. R. Hutchins 1980, vol. 1; C. F. Quibell 1993; N. H. Holmgren
15 KB (1,477 words) - 20:13, 5 November 2020
Linn Soc. 165: 64–83. Rogers, C. M. 1975. Relationships of Hesperolinon and Linum (Linaceae). Madroño 23: 153–159. Rogers, C. M. 1984. Linaceae. In: N. L
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Arctostaphylos viscida Adanson Fam. Pl. 2: 165. 1763 ,. V. Thomas Parker, Michael C. Vasey, Jon E. Keeley Common names: Manzanita Etymology: Greek arktos, bear
37 KB (1,900 words) - 21:25, 9 February 2021
D.C, Wis., N.Dak., S.Dak., Ariz., N.Mex., Pacific Islands (Hawaii), Mass., Maine, N.H., R.I., Vt., Fla., Wyo., Ala., Minn., Tex., La., Colo., N.C., Tenn
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nine species; a tenth species is included here. All species except C. hooveri and C. micrantha are strongly self-incompatible. The genus appears to exhibit
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Alta., B.C., Man., Ont., Sask., D.C, Wis., Ariz., N.Mex., Pacific Islands (Hawaii), Idaho, Oreg., Fla., Wyo., Tex., La., Md., Maine, Miss., S.C., N.C., Nebr
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comprising monophyletic taxa as the ultimate goal of systematics (e.g., P. C. van Welzen 1997); other botanists see monophyletic taxa as logically, philosophically
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pubescent; bracteoles caducous (persistent in C. ignava), linear to narrowly oblong, small, membranous (to herbaceous in C. ignava), margins sessile-glandular,
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familyJuncaginaceae Show Lower Taxa Lilaea, Triglochin Richard Robert R. Haynes, C. Barre Hellquist Common names: Arrow-grass Family Treatment appears in FNA
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undulata, Veronica verna, Veronica wormskjoldii Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 9. 1753. Dirk C. Albach Common names: Speedwell Etymology: Late Latin form of Greek Berenike/Pherenike
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palustris, has led some authors (e.g., F. K. Butters and E. C. Abbe 1940; R. L. Stuckey 1972; R. C. Rollins 1993) to recognize varieties or subspecies so poorly
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Pflanzenfamilien, ed. 2. 26+ vols. Leipzig and Berlin. Vol. 17b, pp. 5-145. Gunn, C. R. and M. J. Seldin. 1976. Seeds and Fruits of North American Papaveraceae
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Keck, P. rotundifolius A. Gray, P. spectabilis var. subinteger (D. D. Keck) C. C. Freeman, and P. vizcainensis Moran. Clokey, I. W. and D. D. Keck. 1939.
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Solidago) ser. Brachychaeta (Mackenzie) G. L. Nesom Phytologia 75: 9. 1993. John C. Semple, Rachel E. Cook Basionym: Argutae Mackenzie in J. K. Small, Man. S
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kunthii, Thelypteris ovata, Thelypteris patens, Thelypteris puberula (Link) C. V. Morton Amer. Fern J. 53: 153. 1963. Alan R. Smith Basionym: Undefined subg
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perianths white to pinkish; flowering stems not fistulose; ec California, c and ne Nevada, c Utah Eriogonum esmeraldense 22 Peduncles (0.05-)0.1-0.25 cm, slender
23 KB (667 words) - 23:13, 5 November 2020
Abbe, E. C. 1935. Studies in the phylogeny of the Betulaceae. I. Floral and inflorescence anatomy and morphology. Bot. Gaz. 97: 1--67. Abbe, E. C. 1938.
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villosa, Perityle warnockii (A. Gray) A. M. Powell Sida 3: 277. 1968. Sharon C. Yarborough, A. Michael Powell Basionym: Undefined sect. Laphamia A. Gray Smithsonian
9 KB (299 words) - 21:14, 5 November 2020
(Linnaeus) Miller Gard. Dict. Abr. ed. 4, vol. 3. 1754. Harold R. Hinds†, Craig C. Freeman Common names: Smartweed Etymology: Latin, persica, peach, and - aria
5 KB (427 words) - 23:08, 5 November 2020
toumeyi, Quercus turbinella, Quercus vaseyana, Quercus virginiana Linneaus Kevin C. Nixon Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3. Trees or shrubs, evergreen or deciduous
24 KB (374 words) - 21:04, 25 November 2022
Mex., Okla., S.Dak., Wyo., Puerto Rico, Calif., Oreg., Tex., La., N.C., Tenn., S.C., Ala., Virgin Islands, Pa., Mont., Miss., Ohio, Va., Colo., Alaska
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trichophylla Limpricht Laubm. Deutschl. 1: 759. 1889,. Roxanne I. Hastings, Henk C. Greven Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment on page 247. Mentioned
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subspicatum (Rydberg) G. L. Nesom Phytologia 77: 271. 1995. Luc Brouillet, John C. Semple, Geraldine A. Allen, Kenton L. Chambers, Scott D. Sundberg† Basionym:
2 KB (205 words) - 20:59, 5 November 2020
except in rare forms of C. mollis) mostly occur from the Great Plains to the Appalachians south to the Gulf Coast; C. pennsylvanica and C. submollis (with ten
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Amer. Fern J. 48: 97--102. Taylor, T. M. C. 1970. Pacific Northwest Ferns and Their Allies. Toronto. Taylor, W. C., N. T. Luebke, and M. B. Smith. 1985.
13 KB (992 words) - 21:21, 5 November 2020
LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyClethraceae Show Lower Taxa Clethra Klotzsch Gordon C. Tucker, Sean C. Jones Common names: White Alder Family Treatment appears in FNA Volume
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A Aspicarpa hyssopifolia B Byrsonima lucida C Callaeum septentrionale C cont. Cottsia gracilis G Galphimia angustifolia H Heteropterys brachiata H cont
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LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyXyridaceae Show Lower Taxa Xyris C. Agardh Robert Kral Common names: Yellow-eyed-grass Family Treatment appears in FNA Volume
5 KB (610 words) - 21:29, 5 November 2020
branches usually glabrous (densely hairy young in C. viridis var. velutina); bracteoles fugacious (not seen in C. nitida), linear-filiform, membranous, margins
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composed of Carex sects. Granulares, Careyanae, and Griseae (R. F. C. Naczi 1992; R. F. C. Naczi et al. 2002). Eight species formerly included in sect. Laxiflorae
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The various types of perennating structures in Epilobium (R. C. Keating et al. 1982; Chen C. J. et al. 1992) are extremely useful for identification of
26 KB (1,416 words) - 17:40, 2 December 2022
ser. Parvifoliae (C. ×vailiae), ser. Pruinosae (C. chadsfordiana Sargent), ser. Punctatae (C. florifera), and ser. Rotundifoliae (C. laurentiana), at least
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Penstemon secundiflorus Pennell Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 20: 326, 331. 1920. Craig C. Freeman Treatment appears in FNA Volume 17. Treatment on page 110. Mentioned
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climbing habit of members of the latter (I. W. Bailey and C. G. Nast 1948; S. Carlquist 1982; A. C. Smith 1947). Studies of fossil pollen led J. W. Walker
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entire key. Greven, H. C. 1999. A synopsis of Grimmia in Mexico, including Grimmia mexicana, sp. nov. Bryologist 102: 426–436. Greven, H. C. 2003. Grimmias of
21 KB (541 words) - 19:03, 30 April 2021
Ogden, E. C. 1943. The broad-leaved species of Potamogeton of North America north of Mexico. Rhodora. 45: 57--105, 119--163, 171--214. Preston, C. D. 1995
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include: C. chadsfordiana Sargent and C. spatiosa Sargent (ser. Pruinosae × ser. Macracanthae), C. desueta Sargent (C. punctata × ser. Anomalae), C. dunbarii
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in Camissonia. Reproductive features include: self-incompatible (C. cheiranthifolia and C. bistorta) or self-compatible; flowers diurnal; outcrossing and
9 KB (607 words) - 23:30, 2 December 2022
Fendlera, Fendlerella, Hydrangea, Jamesia, Philadelphus, Whipplea Dumortier Craig C. Freeman Common names: Hydrangea Family Treatment appears in FNA Volume 12
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parviflorum, Epilobium saximontanum, Epilobium siskiyouense, Epilobium smithii Peter C. Hoch Synonyms: Epilobium [unranked] Chrysonerion Torrey & A. Gray Epilobium
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Careyanae. See R. F. C. Naczi et al. (2001) for distinguishing these sections and also discussion under sect. Laxiflorae. Bryson, C. T. 1980. A revision
6 KB (315 words) - 21:43, 5 November 2020
Morphological (H. K. Airy Shaw 1936), developmental (Tsou C. H. 1998), and molecular data (L. M. Prince and C. R. Parks 2001) identify three tribes within Theaceae
7 KB (786 words) - 23:45, 5 November 2020
stricta, Minuartia tenella, Minuartia uniflora, Minuartia yukonensis Loefling in C. Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 89. 1753. , Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 39. 1754. Richard K. Rabeler
18 KB (1,045 words) - 23:09, 5 November 2020
Delphinium. Univ. Colorado Stud., Ser. D, Phys. Sci. 2: 55-244. Lewis, H. and C. Epling. 1954. A taxonomic study of Californian delphiniums. Brittonia 8: 1-22
5 KB (569 words) - 22:49, 5 November 2020
& M. E. Lewis Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 20: 261. 1955. Harlan Lewis†, Peter C. Hoch Treatment appears in FNA Volume 10. Inflorescences: axis straight, erect;
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hostiana × C. flava (= C. ×xanthocarpa Dégland), C. hostiana × C. viridula (= C. ×fulva Goodenough), C. flava × C. viridula (= C. ×ruedtii Kneucker), and C. cryptolepis
6 KB (471 words) - 21:44, 5 November 2020
Wash., Va., Del., D.C, W.Va., Pacific Islands (Hawaii), Fla., N.H., Puerto Rico, N.Mex., Tex., La., B.C., Md., Nebr., Tenn., N.C., S.C., Pa., Nev., Colo
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Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 2: 993. 1753; Gen. Pl. ed. 5; 429, 1754. Robert R. Haynes, C. Barre Hellquist Common names: Sagittaire Etymology: Latin sagitta, arrow Synonyms:
9 KB (447 words) - 21:31, 5 November 2020
Soderstrom, K.W. Hilu, C.S. Campbell, and M.E. Barkworth (eds.). Grass Systematics and Evolution. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C, U.S.A. 473 pp
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9. Wash., W.Va., D.C, Wis., Ariz., N.Mex., Oreg., Tex., Fla., Wyo., N.J., La., Kans., S.Dak., Colo., Mont., Nev., Tenn., N.C., S.C., Pa., N.Y., Nebr.,
12 KB (791 words) - 18:29, 28 May 2021
Grimmiaceae (Musci) in Maine. III. Racomitrium. Evansia 11: 41–54. Frye, T. C. 1917–1918. The rhacomitriums of western North America. Bryologist 20: 91–98;
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(1999). Rare individuals of C. cuthbertii or C. lyonii with narrow leaf bases might be the result of hybridization with C. glabra or C. obliqua (Nelson 1995)
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Inflexae Show Lower Taxa Limnanthes alba, Limnanthes floccosa, Limnanthes montana C. T. Mason Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 25: 473. 1952. Nancy R. Morin Treatment appears
3 KB (277 words) - 21:31, 9 February 2021
LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyPiperaceae Show Lower Taxa Peperomia, Piper C. Agardh David E. Boufford Common names: Pepper family Treatment appears in
3 KB (268 words) - 22:48, 5 November 2020
Triphysaria micrantha, Triphysaria pusilla, Triphysaria versicolor Fischer & C. A. Meyer Index Seminum (St. Petersburg) 2: 52. 1836. Elizabeth H. Zacharias
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with C. florida and C. nuttallii, or the less virulent but still destructive Cryptodiaporthe Canker (Cryptodiaporthe corni), which is restricted to C. alternifolia
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Del., D.C, Man., Ont., Que., Sask., W.Va., Pacific Islands (Hawaii), Ark., Ariz., Calif., Ga., La., Md., Miss., N.C., N.Mex., Nev., Puerto Rico, S.C., Tex
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the earliest branching taxa in the family (C. Bayer et al. 1999; R. Nyffeler et al. 2005). Whitlock, B. A., C. Bayer and D. A. Baum. 2001. Phylogenetic
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Zigadenus virescens Michaux Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 213, plate 22. 1803. Fayla C. Schwartz Common names: Death camas zigadène Etymology: Greek zygos, yoke,
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Cornus racemosa, Cornus rugosa, Cornus sanguinea, Cornus sericea (Dumortier) C. K. Schneider Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 437. 1909. Zack E. Murrell, Derick
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3. Woody vines (erect, herbaceous perennials in C. recta). Leaf blade 1-2-pinnate; leaflets lobed or unlobed, margins entire
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Eucycla not accounted for in this treatment are: Eriogonum encelioides Reveal & C. A. Hanson, E. fastigiatum Parry, E. molle Greene, E. orcuttianum S. Watson
74 KB (972 words) - 23:03, 27 October 2022
Barrett, S. C. H. and D. E. Seaman. 1980. The weed flora of California rice fields. Aquatic Bot. 9: 351–376. Eckenwalder, J. E. and S. C. H. Barrett.
4 KB (359 words) - 22:10, 5 November 2020
Lower Taxa Arecaceae tribe Cyclospatheae, Arecaceae tribe Hyophorbeae Drude in C. F. P. von Martius et al., Flora Brasiliensis 3(2): 271. 1881. Scott Zona Treatment
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molecular phylogenies (e.g., J. C. Semple et al. 2002; L. Brouillet and S. Selliah 2005). A. G. Jones (1980) and J. C. Semple and L. Brouillet (1980) proposed
57 KB (1,333 words) - 20:35, 6 November 2020
from C. amoena and an unknown, presumably extinct, species related to C. arcuata and C. lassenensis. Clarkia gracilis is readily distinguished from C. amoena
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Solidago simplex, Solidago spathulata (Rydberg) Semple Sida 20: 1606. 2003. John C. Semple, Rachel E. Cook Basionym: Humiles Rydberg Fl. Rocky Mts., 868. 1917
3 KB (167 words) - 21:01, 5 November 2020
(Hampe) Schimper Coroll. Bryol. Eur., 48. 1856,. Roxanne I. Hastings, Henk C. Greven Basionym: Undefined subg. Guembelia Hampe Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 4:
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sect. Agrostoidea Show Lower Taxa Panicum anceps, Panicum rigidulum (Nash) C.C. Hsu Robert W. Freckmann, Michel G. Lelong Treatment appears in FNA Volume
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or multiporate. Nearly worldwide. Species ca. 85 (30 in the flora). Rogers, C. M. 1982. The systematics of Linum sect. Linopsis (Linaceae). Pl. Syst. Evol
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months later by apetalous, cleistogamous flowers (simultaneous in C. georgianum and C. glomeratum). Flowering dates cited are for chasmogamous flowers.
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tenuifolium (Nuttall) Semple in J. C. Semple et al., Cult. Native Asters Ontario, 133. 2002. Luc Brouillet, John C. Semple, Geraldine A. Allen, Kenton
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Keating, R. C. 1968. Comparative morphology of Cochlospermaceae. I. Synopsis of the family and wood anatomy. Phytomorphology 18: 379–392. Keating, R. C. 1970
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Fallopia scandens, Fallopia ×bohemica Adanson Fam. Pl. 2: 277, 557. 1763. Craig C. Freeman, Harold R. Hinds† Common names: False-buckwheat Etymology: for Gabriello
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ovate to lanceolate, usually plano-convex (to slightly biconvex in C. exilis and C. interior), base rounded to cordate, with spongy tissue, margins acutely
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Selaginellaceae traditionally include only one genus of living plants, Selaginella (A. C. Jermy 1990b; R. M. Tryon and A. F. Tryon 1982). Some authors (O. Kuntze 1891–1898
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(1) C. betuloides clade, including all the varieties of C. betuloides; (2) C. ledifolius clade, including three varieties of C. ledifolius; (3) C. montanus
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The Cupressaceae, with a known fossil record extending back to the Jurassic (C. N. Miller Jr. 1988), constitute a diverse family often divided between Cupressaceae
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Killip (1938) the most commonly used until recently. The most recent system (C. Feuillet and J. M. MacDougal 2003) recognizes only four subgenera: Astrophea
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Synonyms: Undefined sect. Duravia (S. Watson) Greene Polygonum sect. Monticola J. C. Hickman Treatment appears in FNA Volume 5. Treatment on page 561. Mentioned
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Eschscholzia parishii, Eschscholzia ramosa, Eschscholzia rhombipetala Chamisso in C. G. D. Nees, Horae Phys. Berol., 73. 1820. Etymology: For Johann F. G. von
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1: 207. 1803. William J. Hess Common names: Beargrass Etymology: for Abbé C. P. Nolin, eighteenth-century French arboriculturist and director of the royal
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et al. 1997c. The phylogenetic placement of river-weeds (Podostemaceae): Insights from rbcL sequence data. Aquatic Bot. 57: 5–27. Philbrick, C. T. and A
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(Russian Far East). Boechera often is treated as a synonym of Arabis (e.g., R. C. Rollins 1993; S. L. Welsh et al. 2003) but it has become clear that morphological
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Genera 29, species ca. 1200 (6 genera, 53 species in the flora). B. Eriksen and C. Persson (2007) provided a good synthesis of the taxonomic history of Polygalaceae
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Pityopsis ruthii Nuttall Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n. s. 7: 317–318. 1840. John C. Semple Common names: Grass-leaved goldenasters Etymology: Greek pitys, pine
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Brown in J. H. Tuckey, Narr. Exped. Zaire, 459. 1818. Gordon C. TuckerTucker, Gordon C. Common names: Lipocarphe Etymology: Greek, leipo, to fall, and
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Taxa Salix jejuna, Salix ovalifolia, Salix stolonifera (Rydberg) C. K. Schneider in C. S. Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 3: 140. 1916. George W. Argus Basionym:
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