17 (17 in the flora). Members of Dodecatheon are widespread throughout much of North America, extending from northwestern Mexico to the Arctic in Alaska
17 KB (1,639 words) - 23:44, 5 November 2020
on disc cypselae, or 0. x = 9. Nearly worldwide, mostly in temperate regions. Species ca. 390 (173 in the flora). The North American and Central American
92 KB (1,874 words) - 21:04, 5 November 2020
Phyllaries 7–25 in 2(–3) series, weakly coherent proximally in buds (interlocking folded margins), distinct later, erect (sometimes slightly spreading) in flower
24 KB (2,224 words) - 20:51, 5 November 2020
J. Bayer, A. Linn Bogle, Donna M. Cherniawsky Common names: Arctic sweet coltsfoot Arctic butterbur Illustrated Basionym: Tussilago frigida Linnaeus Sp
7 KB (344 words) - 19:29, 6 November 2020
pulvinate plant of moist arctic areas, may be difficult to identify in the key since flowers are often absent, especially in northern populations. Vegetative
18 KB (1,045 words) - 23:09, 5 November 2020
much-branched or stellate. Leaves mostly deciduous, cauline, mostly alternate, reduced proximally or forming basal rosettes in a few species; petiole absent
74 KB (2,673 words) - 15:17, 5 February 2024
Hemisphere in arctic, boreal and alpine regions, plus the Southern Hemisphere in cold-temperate to subantarctic regions. Species ca. 60 (31 in the flora)
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boreal and arctic North America and Asia, tropical Africa, Antarctica. Genera ca. 60, species ca. 1700 (9 genera, 45 species in the flora). As noted in the introduction
10 KB (925 words) - 20:31, 5 November 2020
North America, temperate forests, and arctic tundra; some species of Epilobium, Ludwigia, and Oenothera can be weeds in disturbed habitats. Members of the
12 KB (806 words) - 17:42, 2 December 2022
style deciduous. Dry plains, wetlands, arctic, alpine tundras in North America and Eurasia. Species ca. 60 (29 species in the flora). Hermann, F. J. 1968. Notes
12 KB (420 words) - 21:42, 5 November 2020
species in the flora). All genera of Opuntioideae in the flora have been combined into the genus Opuntia at various times. Recent research findings in morphology
5 KB (602 words) - 22:57, 5 November 2020
conspicuous to barely visible. Temperate and arctic regions and tropical mountains. Species ca. 50 (15 species in the flora). BocherBöcher, T. W. 1950. Contributions
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stalked mucilage hairs in leaf axils, stalks usually brown. Leaves spiraling around stem in several rows, usually brittle, commonly ending in a distinct apiculus
5 KB (320 words) - 22:24, 5 November 2020
Kifbenhavnske Selsk. Laerd. Elsk. 10: 455. 1770. Common names: Arctic poppy Illustrated Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3. Plants loosely to densely cespitose, to
4 KB (261 words) - 16:04, 29 February 2024
= 18, 19. nw North America, e Asia (Russian Far East), arctic and alpine regions. Species 9 (9 in the flora). Whether Douglasia should be considered a separate
7 KB (624 words) - 23:44, 5 November 2020
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment on page 295. Mentioned on page 204, 267, 293, 294. Plants small, medium to large, mostly stiff and rigid,
6 KB (470 words) - 22:26, 5 November 2020
Ignatov are mainly terrestrial mosses in mesic sites, variable in seta characters, but mostly having a conic operculum in the core genera, Brachythecium, Sciuro-hypnum
20 KB (981 words) - 22:37, 5 November 2020
Species ca. 85 (72 in the flora). The complex and difficult sect. Ovales is the largest section of Carex in North America. Only a few species in the section are
55 KB (863 words) - 21:41, 5 November 2020
genus of about 50 species that grow in temperate and arctic regions throughout the world. There are seven species in the Flora region, five of which are
10 KB (934 words) - 23:05, 30 March 2022
round-lobed in dwarf northern species); surfaces glabrous to tomentose, sometimes abaxially resinous-glandular. Inflorescences: staminate catkins mostly terminal
17 KB (1,146 words) - 22:51, 5 November 2020
and Arctic tundra, covering large areas of Canada, Alaska, northern Europe, and Siberia. Variation in nutrients and climate produces variation in size
5 KB (520 words) - 22:36, 5 November 2020
2 mm) or aborted late in development. Poa sect. Abbreviatae includes five North American species, two of which also grow in arctic regions of the Eastern
3 KB (383 words) - 17:25, 11 May 2021
at high elevations in the western cordillera, extending eastward onto the northern prairies, and disjunctively in the Canadian arctic (Caribou Hills). It
6 KB (442 words) - 20:52, 5 November 2020
those taxa that were traditionally placed in Physaria, in the strict sense, where replum shape is sometimes helpful in separating species. The valves of didymous-fruited
34 KB (1,355 words) - 20:43, 12 April 2023
primordia, discussed in detail by Z. Iwatsuki and R. A. Pursell (1980). These structures are weakly developed in species found in the Western Hemisphere
26 KB (1,714 words) - 22:26, 5 November 2020
oblanceolate, monomorphic or varying in size according to seasonal growth patterns; juvenile (basal or proximal) leaves mostly larger than mature (terminal or
8 KB (770 words) - 21:25, 5 November 2020
North America, Eurasia, montane to arctic areas. Species ca. 40 (3 in the flora). In Rhodiola, inflorescences are borne in axils of scale leaves on the rootstocks
4 KB (321 words) - 23:42, 5 November 2020
closely related to S. virgaurea, the type species of the genus, native to mostly arctic and alpine regions of Eurasia. Plants of S. multiradiata from the Rocky
5 KB (454 words) - 16:04, 30 January 2023
Temperate to arctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere and scattered in cooler regions of the tropics and Southern Hemisphere. Species ca. 45 (19 in the flora)
10 KB (436 words) - 21:44, 5 November 2020
(polyploidy widespread in the genus). Almost worldwide, but mostly in temperate regions of both hemispheres, some taxa occur in many regions of the world
37 KB (831 words) - 13:59, 3 June 2022
Pleuropogon is a genus of five hydrophilous species, one circumboreal in the arctic, the other four restricted to the Pacific coast of North America, extending
5 KB (376 words) - 17:22, 11 May 2021
x = 11, 12. Arctic and temperate North America, Europe, Asia. Species ca. 50 (4 in the flora). Bistorta often is included in Polygonum in the broad sense
5 KB (348 words) - 23:08, 5 November 2020
(Russian Far East, Siberia). Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora). Silene involucrata is a very variable circumpolar and arctic-alpine species complex. Many of the variants
4 KB (381 words) - 15:43, 27 October 2021
plumose. x=7 or 8. Nearly worldwide, primarily in cooler temperate and arctic regions. Species ca. 150 (25 in the flora). The taxonomy of Anemone continues
16 KB (1,220 words) - 20:37, 6 November 2020
to temperate and arctic regions of North America and Eurasia. Species ca. 115 (4 in the flora). Centers of diversity for Achillea are in Europe and Asia
6 KB (563 words) - 20:56, 5 November 2020
staminate catkins in 1 cluster of 2–4, formed late in growing season before flowering and exposed during winter; pistillate catkins in 1 or more clusters
5 KB (379 words) - 14:55, 29 February 2024
persistent. Achenes usually trigonous, included in perygynium. Mainly high mountains of Asia, a few in arctic and subarctic regions and high mountains of Northern
4 KB (342 words) - 21:40, 5 November 2020
America, ranging from arctic to subtropics in East Asia and Cordilleran North America and Central America. Species ca. 45 (12 in the flora). Cribb, P.
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papillose. North America, Europe, arctic and temperate Asia, Atlantic Islands (Azores, Iceland, Madeira). Species 8 (6 in the flora). Niphotrichum comprises
6 KB (564 words) - 22:26, 5 November 2020
1–5, longitudinally ribbed. x = 10, 21, 22 Worldwide except arctic and antarctic regions. In Lemna the connection to the mother frond is formed by a thin
5 KB (286 words) - 21:30, 5 November 2020
veins and in vein axils, often covered with resinous glands. Infructescences erect, cylindric, 1–2.5 × 0.5–1.2 cm, shattering with fruits in fall; scales
6 KB (625 words) - 15:13, 29 February 2024
obscuring most of scales in spikelet, much longer than achene; stamens 1–3; styles deciduous, linear, 3-fid. Achenes trigonous. Mostly in cool temperate, alpine
7 KB (338 words) - 21:39, 5 November 2020
teeth to 22 per side), abaxial faces floccose to woolly, adaxial faces mostly glabrous or sparsely tomentulose. Staminate heads 2–20; ray florets 1–13
4 KB (292 words) - 21:00, 5 November 2020
30–55 µm wide at base, short-excurrent, rough near tip; distal laminal cells mostly subquadrate (1–2:1), incrassate; basal laminal cells elongate, alar cells
3 KB (241 words) - 22:26, 5 November 2020
veinless on adaxial face, stipitate, mostly oblong-ovate [ovate to lanceolate], plano-convex or unequally biconvex in cross section, almost leathery, base
4 KB (356 words) - 21:41, 5 November 2020
on the Triticeae in North America. Phytologia 83:302-311 Barkworth, M.E. 2000. Changing perceptions in the Triticeae. Pp. 110-120 in S.W.L. Jacobs and
40 KB (2,632 words) - 17:23, 11 May 2021
Tsvelev, N.N. 1995. Alopecurus. Pp. 106-114 in J.G. Packer (ed., English edition). Flora of the Russian Arctic, vol. 1, trans. G.C.D. Griffiths. University
8 KB (636 words) - 20:51, 4 April 2024
except in desert areas. In the tropics, especially in South America, the family is diverse in upland and montane areas, and notably diverse in such genera
29 KB (1,652 words) - 23:45, 5 November 2020
(2007). Of these 12, ten are represented in the flora area. Species in this treatment are ordered by their placement in these subgenera as follows: subg. Pseudolysimachium
16 KB (886 words) - 20:36, 5 November 2020
relatively numerous, ascending, brown, simple, hairy. Leaves mostly basal (cauline mostly 2–4, smaller), whitish; blades (basal) flabellate, 0.5–1(–2)
3 KB (269 words) - 20:57, 5 November 2020
a high arctic species that is closely related to F. brachyphylla (p. 428). It grows primarily on fine-grained and calcareous substrates in arctic regions
4 KB (404 words) - 17:24, 11 May 2021
the small uppermost part of the leaf lamina and are long-decurrent. In the Arctic, subsp. latifolium is likely to be mistaken for N. panschii. The differences
4 KB (333 words) - 22:26, 5 November 2020
strikingly, in Dicranoweisia the papillae are arranged in longitudinal lines over the lamina, which never occurs in Cynodontium. Sometimes descriptions in the
13 KB (1,330 words) - 22:26, 5 November 2020
usually straight in fruit (often recurved in P. verna), (0–)0.2–3(–9) cm, proximal usually not much longer than distal (sometimes longer in fruit). Flowers
9 KB (585 words) - 16:13, 22 November 2021
(V. F. Brotherus 1924–1925). Sciuro-hypnum differs from Brachythecium in the mostly small plant size, the almost always autoicous sexual condition (except
8 KB (551 words) - 22:37, 5 November 2020
woody offsets), densely hairy to glabrescent. Leaves basal and cauline, mostly gray-green; blades obovate, 1.5–5 × 0.5–1.5 cm, 3-lobed to 2-ternately lobed
3 KB (279 words) - 20:57, 5 November 2020
appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 370. Mentioned on page 368. Plants 12–50 cm. Stems usually simple, rarely branched. Leaves 3–7 pairs, mostly cauline;
4 KB (276 words) - 21:15, 5 November 2020
Michael J. Warnock Common names: Arctic larkspur Synonyms: Delphinium chamissonis Pritzel ex Walpers Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3. Stems 20-50(-80)
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angled, pilose; basal leaf blade 5–10 cm × 3–8 mm, apex short acuminate, mostly glabrous; cauline leaves (1–)2–4, 3–5 cm × 2–4 mm. Inflorescences anthelate
3 KB (232 words) - 21:30, 5 November 2020
700 (70 in the flora). Silene includes several important weeds and some very beautiful horticultural plants. In addition to the species described in this
29 KB (1,186 words) - 00:23, 15 November 2022
of the distal floret in a spikelet. Trisetum (p. 744) differs from Deschampsia primarily in its more acute, bifid lemmas, and in having awns that are inserted
9 KB (788 words) - 17:25, 11 May 2021
Sporophytes sporadic throughout the range. Habitat: but more frequent in non-Arctic regions, various habitats including dry exposed ridges, wet river edges
4 KB (427 words) - 22:24, 5 November 2020
Ireland Jr. Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment on page 406. Mentioned on page 405. Plants in loose tufts, mostly light green, somewhat dull. Leaves
2 KB (200 words) - 22:27, 5 November 2020
membrane. North America, South America, Arctic and temperate Asia, Atlantic Islands, Australia, Antarctica. Species 4 (4 in the flora). The slightly differentiated
5 KB (323 words) - 22:26, 5 November 2020
Yukon, Alaska, Europe (Spitsbergen), Arctic and temperate Asia. Niphotrichum panschii is fairly frequent in the high Arctic of Alaska, the Yukon Territory,
5 KB (568 words) - 22:26, 5 November 2020
plants on soil and tree trunk bases in forests is light green plants with rigid erect leaves. In xeric and arctic environments, leaves are strongly appressed
4 KB (469 words) - 22:37, 5 November 2020
recognized infraspecific taxa in North America: subsp. acaulis (subsp. exscapa and subsp. arctica), which is predominantly arctic; and subsp. subacaulescens
5 KB (481 words) - 20:36, 6 November 2020
0.6–1.5(–2) mm. nw North America in arctic and subarctic areas. Species 1. Andreaeobryum is especially distinctive in its substrate: unlike the speciose
3 KB (363 words) - 22:24, 5 November 2020
(Quebec) in the east, along the low arctic continental coast, the coast of Hudson Bay, and the southern coast of the lower islands of the Arctic Archipelago
4 KB (314 words) - 20:57, 5 November 2020
9 (3 in the flora). Species of Myurella are small, slender plants of calcareous rock shelves and calcareous moist soil, mostly in boreal and arctic zones
3 KB (183 words) - 22:36, 5 November 2020
cm diam. Pedicels ca. 2 mm. Flowers mostly unisexual, 4–5-merous; sepals lanceolate to ovate, 1.5–3 mm; petals mostly dark red, sometimes yellowish at base
8 KB (846 words) - 18:18, 6 November 2020
Eurasia, e, c, n Asia, Arctic. Distichium inclinatum is similar to D. capillaceum and D. hagenii, differing from the former in the inclined, ovoid capsule
3 KB (285 words) - 22:27, 5 November 2020
south as 56° N latitude, across the arctic coast to Hudson Bay and northern Labrador. It also extends from the arctic coast of Europe to Siberia and Japan
4 KB (427 words) - 17:21, 11 May 2021
previously included in Potentilla uniflora are treated here as P. subgorodkovii or P. vulcanicola. The presence of P. uniflora in the narrow sense in North America
16 KB (1,214 words) - 15:59, 26 November 2021
cultivated elsewhere except cold-temperate, subarctic, and arctic zones. While reported as naturalized in some states, most specimens identified as Amaranthus
5 KB (522 words) - 23:01, 5 November 2020
isolated occurrences in the Russian Far East, and one restricted to North America. The species are boreal, alpine to low arctic, and grow in bogs and on alpine
3 KB (394 words) - 17:25, 11 May 2021
penetrates into the high Arctic in Nunavut, the Yukon Territory, and Alaska. The global range of N. ericoides also includes arctic, boreal, and temperate
8 KB (850 words) - 22:26, 5 November 2020
truncate-tipped leaves that have teeth all the way to the base (the base being mostly toothless in B. glandulosa). Betula nana subsp. exilis has been combined into B
4 KB (397 words) - 16:14, 24 September 2021
subalpine to arctic habitats, extending south in the Rocky Mountains to Utah and Colorado in the west, and to the northern Great Lakes region in the east.
5 KB (525 words) - 17:25, 11 May 2021
previous), but differ in the shape of their glumes and in their wider glume margins. Elymus alaskanus differs from E. trachycaulus (p. 321) in its greater cold
5 KB (506 words) - 17:23, 11 May 2021
observed in younger collections when leaves are soaked only in water, it is most readily observed in older specimens if plants are dipped sequentially in alcohol
7 KB (548 words) - 22:35, 5 November 2020
ascending, green or reddish, simple, glabrous or sparsely tomentose. Leaves mostly basal (in rosettes, petiolate), bright green; blades (basal) broadly lanceolate
5 KB (439 words) - 20:57, 5 November 2020
stem leaves, ending in a short, hyaline awn. Seta straight or somewhat curved when dry, cygneous when moist, yellow. Capsule mostly erect when dry, pendent
3 KB (321 words) - 22:27, 5 November 2020
Que., Yukon Festuca hyperborea is a high arctic species that grows from Banks Island in the Canadian Arctic east to Greenland and south to Quebec. It
4 KB (426 words) - 13:24, 29 April 2022
crucifers) native in the flora area, 616 (418 endemic) grow in the United States, 140 (12 endemic) in Canada, and 31 (1 endemic) in Greenland. The latest
95 KB (3,708 words) - 23:32, 5 November 2020
anderssonii (Wichura) Grout Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment on page 362. Plants small, in compact, yellow-brown or green tufts. Stems (0
2 KB (203 words) - 22:26, 5 November 2020
internode. Flowers: hypanthium whitish-tipped stipitate-glandular; sepals mostly green, narrowly elliptic to oblong, whitish stipitate-glandular; petals
2 KB (153 words) - 23:42, 5 November 2020
Leningrad) 66: 1045. 1981 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 8. Treatment on page 145. Mentioned on page 144. Plants mostly purple (at least inflorescences); hair
2 KB (141 words) - 23:42, 5 November 2020
laminal cells in the subula). B. M. Murray (1987) excluded A. crassinervia from the Arctic, while M. F. V. Corley et al. (1981) submerged it in A. rothii.
4 KB (338 words) - 22:24, 5 November 2020
will also serve to distinguish this species in the field. Caducous-leaved forms are frequent in the Arctic. In Nunavut, it is known from Ellesmere Island
5 KB (516 words) - 22:24, 5 November 2020
infraspecific taxa. Most plants from the Arctic to cool-temperate North America, including higher elevations in the Southwest, are very similar to plants
10 KB (1,200 words) - 21:38, 5 November 2020
trichos, hair, alluding to straight, erect calyptral hairs in many species Treatment appears in FNA Volume 28. Treatment on page 45. Mentioned on page 38
20 KB (498 words) - 22:36, 5 November 2020
Flowering Jun–Aug(–Sep). Habitat: Arctic and alpine tundra, snowbed slopes, pond and stream margins, boulder ridges in streambeds, heaths, ledges, dry gravelly
3 KB (300 words) - 23:30, 9 December 2022
1768 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 19. Treatment on page 439. Mentioned on page 58, 387. Plants 2–8(–12) cm. Leaves mostly basal (in persistent rosettes);
3 KB (194 words) - 20:55, 5 November 2020
was concluded that P. concinna is present in the Canadian arctic archipelago. As much of the Canadian arctic archipelago is colder than the area of Ellesmere
4 KB (508 words) - 17:24, 11 May 2021
leaf are mostly undivided, and the ultimate segments are broader (2-4 mm). L. D. Benson (1954) referred all material from Asia and islands in the Bering
5 KB (469 words) - 17:06, 29 February 2024
hyparcticum is sporadic in Arctic Eurasia (coastal Russia from Russian Far East west to Novaya Zemlya); it is mainly high-arctic. It is characterized by
4 KB (448 words) - 20:51, 5 November 2020
boreal forest to alpine and high arctic species. It grows from Alaska to Greenland, south to California and New Mexico in the west, and through Canada and
6 KB (711 words) - 17:25, 11 May 2021
distinctly polytrichoid in habit, with the margins of the lamellae thick-walled and coarsely papillose. Pogonatum dentatum is an arctic-montane species, whereas
6 KB (512 words) - 22:24, 5 November 2020
Schultz-Bipontinus & F. W. Schultz in F. W. Schultz, Arch. Fl., 311. 1861. Guy L. Nesom Common names: Woodland Arctic-cudweed gnaphale des bois Illustrated
3 KB (302 words) - 20:55, 5 November 2020
appears in FNA Volume 19. Treatment on page 167. Mentioned on page 166. Plants 10–40(–50) cm. Stems usually simple, ± thinly arachnoid. Leaves mostly 2–8 mm
2 KB (168 words) - 20:49, 5 November 2020
blades (2–)4–18(–30) × 0.8–1.2(–2) mm. Peduncular bracts 0–3, remote, distal (mostly beyond midstem), 4.5–7 mm, margins and apices brown, hyaline, erose, scarious
3 KB (258 words) - 20:57, 5 November 2020
lepagei were smaller in general than those of var. lewisii. Stamens were longer than carpels in var. lepagei and shorter than carpels in var. lewisii. Specimens
3 KB (262 words) - 20:13, 5 November 2020
(New Zealand). Varieties 6 (3 in the flora). The yellow seta, mostly plane margins, and large tubers, when present, buried in the soil, and the operculum
5 KB (506 words) - 22:28, 5 November 2020
North America Association Plants loosely mat- or cushion-forming (stems mostly prostrate), not stoloniferous, rhizomatous. Leaves cauline; petiole absent;
3 KB (233 words) - 23:42, 5 November 2020
slopes and tundra, arctic tundra, rich arctic seaside bluffs Elevation: 0–2200 m Generated Map Legacy Map Yukon, Alaska, Russian Far East. In all the specimens
4 KB (487 words) - 20:51, 5 November 2020
± columnar to tapered, papillate-swollen in proximal 1/5–1/2, rarely to nearly whole length, 0.7–1.2(–1.5 in P. paucijuga) mm. Achenes smooth to faintly
10 KB (768 words) - 23:55, 5 November 2020
Islands (New Zealand). Species 4 (4 in the flora). Campylium occurs in more or less mineral-rich wetlands that are mostly permanently wet or moist. Differences
6 KB (435 words) - 22:35, 5 November 2020
lacerate; blades 4-14 cm long, 1-2 mm wide, basal blades mostly involute, cauline blades mostly flat. Panicles (4)8-25(50) cm long, 0.5-20 cm wide, broadly
6 KB (749 words) - 14:59, 14 December 2022
speciesRumex arcticus Trautvetter in A. T. von Middendorff, Reise Siber. 1(2,1): 29. 1847. Sergei L. Mosyakin Common names: Arctic dock Illustrated Synonyms:
6 KB (622 words) - 23:07, 5 November 2020
tufts or mats over soil, or amongst litter and plants in arctic habitats. Schistidium grandirete grows in similar habitats but also on rock. The presence of
4 KB (415 words) - 22:25, 5 November 2020
lengths, many of those in the mid and distal stem and inflorescence being glandular and viscid. The nodes and the leaves, at least in the mid and distal stem
7 KB (663 words) - 23:09, 5 November 2020
above, strongly sheathing at base, margins plane; costa mostly percurrent; laminal cells mostly 1-stratose, 2-stratose only at margins; distal laminal quadrate
4 KB (338 words) - 22:27, 5 November 2020
acuminate; costa percurrent or subpercurrent; sheath clear in the distal leaves, clear or dark reddish black in the proximal leaves; limb green, non-pellucid; limb-sheath
4 KB (427 words) - 22:25, 5 November 2020
islands of the high arctic, south into the mountains of northern British Columbia and the west-central Rocky Mountains of Alberta. In Europe it extends south
5 KB (587 words) - 17:21, 11 May 2021
Map Alaska, Greenland, N.W.T., Nunavut, Que. Poa hartzii grows only in the high arctic. It generally grows on open ground, on sandy or clayey soils, or on
5 KB (545 words) - 17:25, 11 May 2021
Alaska Puccinellia wrightii is an uncommon arctic species. Its range extends from the Chukotka Peninsula in the Russian Far East to western Alaska. Like
3 KB (329 words) - 17:24, 11 May 2021
related to N. ericoides. In contrast to the latter, it is a more southern taxon, and in North America does not extend to the Arctic, reaching its northernmost
5 KB (524 words) - 22:26, 5 November 2020
a widespread arctic-alpine species found abundantly across arctic Alaska, Canada, and Greenland, as well as in comparable arctic regions in Eurasia. It
8 KB (850 words) - 11:31, 9 May 2022
Africa. Species ca. 100 (5 in the flora). The greatest concentration of species of Aconitum is in Asia, with a smaller group in Europe. Aconitum is phylogenetically
9 KB (871 words) - 22:52, 5 November 2020
Labrador, extending farthest south in the Rocky Mountains of Alberta. It also grows in arctic and subarctic Europe and Asia, and in the Ural Mountains. None. None
4 KB (421 words) - 17:24, 11 May 2021
have frequently been included in D. cespitosa. Arctic taxonomists recognize two subspecies of Deschampsia sukatschewii in arctic North America: the amphiberingian
4 KB (436 words) - 17:25, 11 May 2021
unknown. Spores unknown. Habitat: Commonly in firm-bottomed poor to medium fen vegetation, subarctic to arctic regions Elevation: low to moderate elevations
4 KB (401 words) - 22:24, 5 November 2020
. Terry T. McIntosh Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment on page 225. Mentioned on page 210. Plants in small or sometimes extensive tufts, olivaceous
3 KB (316 words) - 22:25, 5 November 2020
cespitosa is circumboreal in the Northern Hemisphere, and also grows in New Zealand and Australia. It is an attractive taxon that grows in wet meadows and bogs
6 KB (642 words) - 17:25, 11 May 2021
subalpine meadows, cliffs, talus, and boulders Elevation: (in e Canada, possibly Greenland and Arctic bridge gap, 10–200–)1800–4300 m Generated Map Legacy Map
5 KB (503 words) - 21:04, 5 November 2020
these are prominent in central Canada and adjacent United States, south and west of Hudson Bay, in the Arctic Coastal Plain, in the Arctic Lowlands, south
99 KB (16,474 words) - 17:24, 13 February 2019
wide at the base, and mostly 2-stratose throughout and composed of undifferentiated cells in both adaxial and abaxial rows. Only in the highly isolated C
5 KB (477 words) - 22:26, 5 November 2020
America, Mexico, Eurasia. Species 6 (4 in the flora). Pseudoleskeella is found mostly in cool-temperate, montane, arctic-alpine, and boreal-temperate regions;
6 KB (472 words) - 22:36, 5 November 2020
horticultural import native in Europe, is the type for Primula and would be the only species in North America to retain that name in a taxonomic scheme with
22 KB (2,094 words) - 23:44, 5 November 2020
brown, segments free. Spores 25–50 µm. Nearly worldwide, mostly Northern Hemisphere. Species 13 (8 in the flora). The presence or absence of micronemata along
7 KB (515 words) - 22:35, 5 November 2020
calcareous, gravelly to rocky slopes, fell-fields, snow beds, heath in low arctic to alpine areas Elevation: 0-2500 m Generated Map Legacy Map Greenland
4 KB (398 words) - 16:11, 2 December 2021
distribution in North America, being most common and widespread in the eastern part of the continent and less frequent in the west, where it occurs mostly in the
8 KB (920 words) - 22:25, 5 November 2020
sites in California are, in spite of smaller stature and often smaller floral parts, Minuartia stricta. Colorado populations appear to vary widely in habit
4 KB (457 words) - 23:10, 5 November 2020
south in the mountains to Wyoming and Colorado in the west, and West Virginia, Tennessee, and North Carolina in the east. It also grows in arctic Europe
5 KB (573 words) - 17:25, 11 May 2021
papillose. North America, Eurasia. Species 4 (1 in the flora). Lescuraea is found mostly in montane to arctic-alpine regions. The four genera Lescuraea, Pseudoleskea
4 KB (428 words) - 22:36, 5 November 2020
= 52–107, mostly 52, 78, or 104. Phenology: Flowering late spring–summer. Habitat: Grassy places along streams, moist gravel or sand, arctic and alpine
8 KB (514 words) - 18:06, 6 December 2021
Que., Yukon Puccinellia vahliana is an arctic species that is circumpolar, except in the Beringian region. In the Flora region, it extends from Alaska
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whose key to Geum in Michigan served as a model for the key below. In particular, the characters that are useful in identifying specimens in flower do not
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sometimes densely so, with long white trichomes; primary lobes lanceolate, mostly divided, apex obtuse or acute to acuminate, frequently bristle-tipped. Inflorescences:
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also grows at high elevations in the Rocky Mountains and the Andes. It is one of the first grasses to flower in the high arctic, which may contribute to its
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scarious, apex apiculate, glabrous. Pedicels filiform, glabrous. Flowers mostly terminal, 4-merous or 4- and 5-merous; calyx base glabrous; sepals frequently
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not been taken into account in that process. In particular, it is often found in more shaded habitats than other dandelions in the south of its range, particularly
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Habitat: Wet, boggy tundra, mostly lowlands Elevation: 50–900 m Generated Map Legacy Map N.W.T., Yukon, Alaska, ne arctic Asia. None. None. window.pro
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LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL Dale H. Vitt William R. Buck Treatment appears in FNA Volume 28. This key to the genera of North American mosses is intended to
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fragile stems, a common trait of arctic species. This essentially montane, Arctic species was recently discovered in the Appalachians (P. M. Eckel 1990)
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commonly elongate distal leaf cells in the leaf mid portion and the lack of an adaxial costal epidermis of the latter species (in the flora area) are helpful distinguishing
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Terry T. McIntosh Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment on page 218. Mentioned on page 210, 219. Plants in open, occasionally compact tufts, yellow-brown
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provinces. 1a. Arctic Province The Arctic Province in North America consists of all the treeless land of the far north, mostly north of the Arctic Circle, i
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indurate, margins purplish), mostly foliaceous, villous. Involucres campanulate, 6–9 mm, shorter than pappi. Phyllaries 30–80 in 3–4(–5) series, sometimes
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exposed areas, mostly with high light intensity, acidic or seldom calciferous soil and rocks, boulders, cliffs, ledges, scree and in fellfields, polar
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2–3 times (only slightly so in T. flavovirens) and densely spiculose in noncleistocarpous species (see R. H. Zander 1993). In much of the literature the
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leptocoma grows around lakes and ponds and along streams, in subalpine and alpine to low arctic habitats, in western North America from Alaska to California and
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central British Columbia. Although it occurs in the Rocky Mountain region it is not common there, being found mostly in lower elevation sites and along the east
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southeastern British Columbia and southwestern Alberta. Arctic plants previously identified as E. pallens mostly are E. denalii. None. None. window.propertiesF
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70. Poa hartzii subsp. hartzii is the common subspecies on high arctic islands and in Greenland. It grows at scattered locations on the continental margin
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McIntosh Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment on page 213. Mentioned on page 207, 209, 218, 221, 223. Plants in open tufts or mats, dull black
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Taraxacum scopulorum is known from the western Canadian Arctic Archipelago and from high-alpine summits in the western Cordilleras. This small species is characterized
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Chukotka in arctic Russia. Although it is known only in the barren state, it fits well into the concept of sect. Marginatae on account of its linear basal
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hyalodermis variably present, absent especially in depauperate plants. Leaves erect-spreading wet or dry, mostly 1–1.6(–2) mm, margins narrowly recurved proximally
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high arctic. The two sometimes grow together, and there is some evidence of a shift in dominance from year to year. None. None. window.propertiesFromH
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spherical). Seeds: aril present. x = 19. Worldwide, mostly in northern hemisphere in moist to wet habitats, Arctic Circle to s Mexico, Asia (s China, n India,
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green and red; superficial cortical cells mostly rectangular and uniporose with a single round to ovate pore in distal portion of cell usually free from
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(excluding more distantly related arctic-montane R. graminifolius and its allies) probably originated and developed mostly in southern Europe and southwestern
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boulders, cliff ledges, and rocky ground in fellfield habitats, less often in moist places, rock surfaces and in fissures, stony or gravelly ground among
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result in widespread deficiencies of nitrogen and phosphorus in these habitats (F.S. Chapin III and G.R. Shaver 1985). In well-drained Low Arctic shrub
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Peninsula, Newfoundland; otherwise the species is arctic. This diminutive species is characterized by its mostly unlobed leaves, pale yellow ligules, and usually
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which it differs mainly in the more strongly concave leaves that are mostly deeply furrowed to almost tubular distally, and in its entire leaf margins
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mm. Phyllaries ca. 14 in 2 series, lanceolate to lance-ovate, 1–3 mm wide, margins not scarious or narrowly to widely scarious in proximal 1/2, sometimes
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occurrences of Potentilla stipularis in Alaska are a continuation of the range from Asia. The six known occurrences in eastern and northeastern Greenland
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entity. Some specimens (mostly immature or staminate plants) from western Alaska differ from both R. graminifolius and R. beringensis in their habit; they need
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subula that in leaf cross section in the distal half reveals very large and obvious papillae, compared to the smaller and less distinct ones in the former
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portions of the continent. In geological strata of this age, diversity in Normapolles increased in California and the Canadian Arctic; Aquilapollenites has
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boreal, rarely in temperate and low-elevation areas of North America and Eurasia. Species ca. 380 (121 in the flora). Draba, the largest genus in Brassicaceae
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distinctive arctic species with dark red shoots, usually forming dense turfs on wet soil. The species is similar to P. pallens, but differs in its incrassate
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Spores 6–10(–12) µm. Habitat: Exposed, well-drained, mostly acid soils in old fields and open woods, in openings following forest fire, on trailside banks
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with I. pulchella in the Arctic, but the former two species are dioicous and rarely produce sporophytes. Also, Orthothecium has mostly straight, erect-spreading
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pedersenii and P. uschakovii account for the majority of arctic populations previously included in a broadly defined P. rubricaulis. The diagnostic morphological
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northwards to the shore of the Arctic Sea, and east to the eastern shore of Hudson Bay. Reports from northeastern Russia are mostly referable to the similar
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W.T., N.S., Nunavut, Ont., Que. The taxonomy of var. cordifolia in the Canadian arctic islands and Greenland is confusing. T. W. Böcher (1952) noted what
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most widespread native dandelion in North America, ranging from the low Arctic and boreal zone to the western Cordilleras, in the montane and alpine zones
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greatest in California and decreases in Canada and Alaska where subarctic and arctic floras abut. Some of the most luxuriant pteridophyte growth in North
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studied with Linnaeus, arrived in New York in September 1748 and was soon collecting seeds and plants in New to southern Canada; in 1750 he went across western
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sterility in at least one sex, that in which the sex-determining mechanism is heterochromosomal (X--Y in males, or W--Z in females). Another difference in higher
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direct effect in stimulating conservation in the United States (S. Fox 1981). The first state plant protection law was passed in Connecticut, in 1869, to protect
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