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filicaulis subsp. vestita Alvaradoa amorphoides subsp. psilophylla Amelanchier laevis Amelanchier nantucketensis Amelanchier sanguinea Amelanchier utahensis Ampelaster

bartramiana and A. laevis. These two species usually hybridize when they grow together, but at one well-sampled site, the F1, A. bartramiana × A. laevis (often referred

imbricaria, Quercus incana, Quercus inopina, Quercus kelloggii, Quercus laevis, Quercus laurifolia, Quercus marilandica, Quercus myrtifolia, Quercus nigra

Hibiscus denudatus, Hibiscus furcellatus, Hibiscus grandiflorus, Hibiscus laevis, Hibiscus martianus, Hibiscus moscheutos, Hibiscus mutabilis, Hibiscus poeppigii

Amelanchier arborea subsp. laevis (Wiegand) S. M. McKay ex P. Landry A. arborea var. laevis (Wiegand) H. E. Ahles A. laevis var. nitida (Wiegand) Fernald

gibbensii, Penstemon glaber, Penstemon hallii, Penstemon idahoensis, Penstemon laevis, Penstemon leiophyllus, Penstemon lemhiensis, Penstemon longiflorus, Penstemon

Oxybaphoides speciesMirabilis laevis Show Lower Taxa Mirabilis laevis var. crassifolia, Mirabilis laevis var. retrorsa, Mirabilis laevis var. villosa (Bentham)

atrata, Scrophularia californica, Scrophularia desertorum, Scrophularia laevis, Scrophularia lanceolata, Scrophularia macrantha, Scrophularia marilandica

frondosa, Bidens heterodoxa, Bidens heterosperma, Bidens hyperborea, Bidens laevis, Bidens lemmonii, Bidens leptocephala, Bidens mitis, Bidens pilosa, Bidens

genusMirabilis sectionMirabilis sect. Oxybaphoides Show Lower Taxa Mirabilis laevis, Mirabilis oxybaphoides, Mirabilis tenuiloba A. Gray in W. H. Emory, Rep

arborea and A. laevis until M. L. Fernald (1941) clarified the issue; this usage appears in some older manuals. McKay transferred A. laevis to subspecific

Hist. 5: 262. 1845 Synonyms: A. laevis A. Gray ex Torrey A. mercurialina var. pumila Torrey Argythamnia humilis var. laevis (A. Gray ex Torrey) Shinners A

genusCentromadia speciesCentromadia pungens Show Lower Taxa Centromadia pungens subsp. laevis, Centromadia pungens subsp. pungens (Hooker & Arnott) Greene Man. Bot. San

fagonia Illustrated Synonyms: Fagonia californica subsp. laevis (Standley) Wiggins F. chilensis var. laevis (Standley) I. M. Johnston Treatment appears in FNA

LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyZygophyllaceae genusFagonia Show Lower Taxa Fagonia laevis, Fagonia longipes, Fagonia pachyacantha Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 386. 1753. Duncan

morphologically closest to A. laevis. In a study of morphologic variation involving A. canadensis, A. intermedia, A. laevis, and other species of Amelanchier

Common names: Pigeonberry rougeplant coralito Illustrated Synonyms: Rivina laevis Linnaeus Rivina portulaccoides Nuttall Treatment appears in FNA Volume 4

Kükenthal Cyperus flavus var. laevis Kükenthal Kyllinga cayennensis Baldwin Kyllinga squarrosa Vahl Mariscus flavus Kunth Mariscus laevis Treatment appears in FNA

arborea, A. intermedia, and A. laevis. Variety canadensis generally flowers at about the same time as Amelanchier laevis. M. L. Fernald (1950) and J. E

tribeAsteraceae tribe Vernonieae genusStokesia Show Lower Taxa Stokesia laevis L’Héritier Sert. Angl., 27. 1789. John L. Strother Etymology: For Jonathan

pungens subsp. laevis (D. D. Keck) B. G. Baldwin Novon 4: 467. 1999. Bruce G. Baldwin, John L. Strother Basionym: Hemizonia pungens subsp. laevis D. D. Keck

genusMirabilis sectionMirabilis sect. Oxybaphoides speciesMirabilis laevis varietyMirabilis laevis var. crassifolia (Choisy) Spellenberg Sida 19: 549. 2001. Richard

gaspensis, A. humilis, A. intermedia, A. laevis, A. sanguinea, A. spicata, and A. interior. The hybrid with A. laevis can usually be found when these two species

LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyScrophulariaceae genusScrophularia speciesScrophularia laevis Wooton & Standley Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 16: 173. 1913. Kim R. Kersh EndemicConservation

John L. Strother IllustratedEndemic Synonyms: Blepharipappus scaber subsp. laevis (A. Gray) D. D. Keck Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page

genusBidens speciesBidens laevis (Linnaeus) Britton Prelim. Cat., 29. 1888. John L. Strother, Ronald R. Weedon Basionym: Helianthus laevis Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 2:

Hochreutiner (1900) inexplicably merged Hibiscus laevis with the very different H. coccineus. Hibiscus laevis has been recorded from Pelee Island in southernmost

involving A. laevis (or sometimes A. arborea) and plants of the A. spicata and/or A. sanguinea complex. A hybrid origin of A. interior from A. laevis and A.

Scott D. Sundberg† Common names: Smooth aster aster lisse Basionym: Aster laevis Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 2: 876. 1753 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 20. Treatment

ridgetops or on upper slopes of sandhills, usually with Pinus palustris, Quercus laevis, Q. margarettiae, Q. marilandica, and Aristida stricta Elevation: 50-200

of some “new” genera, resulting in a Vernonia of ca. 20 species. Stokesia laevis and some Vernonia species are grown as ornamentals. Some Vernonia species

congeners. Amelanchier sanguinea flowers 10 to 14 days after A. arborea and A. laevis, according to K. M. Wiegand (1912), and at the same time as A. amabilis

genusMirabilis sectionMirabilis sect. Oxybaphoides speciesMirabilis laevis varietyMirabilis laevis var. villosa (Kellogg) Spellenberg Sida 19: 551. 2001. Richard

genusMirabilis sectionMirabilis sect. Oxybaphoides speciesMirabilis laevis varietyMirabilis laevis var. retrorsa (A. Heller) Jepson Man. Fl. Pl. Calif., 340. 1923

Zygophyllaceae Zygophyllaceae Zygophyllaceae Zygophyllaceae Fagonia longipes Fagonia laevis Zygophyllum fabago Larrea tridentata Barbara Alongi Barbara Alongi Barbara

genusStokesia speciesStokesia laevis (Hill) Greene Erythea 1: 3. 1893. John L. Strother IllustratedEndemic Basionym: Carthamus laevis Hill Hort. Kew., 57, plate

Heliopsis helianthoides var. gracilis (Nuttall) Gandhi & R. D. Thomas Heliopsis laevis var. minor Hooker Heliopsis minor (Hooker) C. Mohr Treatment appears in

familyFagaceae genusQuercus sectionQuercus sect. Lobatae speciesQuercus laevis Walter Fl. Carol., 234. 1788. Kevin C. Nixon Common names: Turkey oak EndemicIllustrated

subgenusPenstemon subg. Penstemon sectionPenstemon sect. Glabri speciesPenstemon laevis Pennell Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 20: 347. 1920. Craig C. Freeman Common names:

Basionym: Aster laevis var. geyeri A. Gray in A. Gray et al., Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 1(2): 183. 1884 Synonyms: Aster geyeri (A. Gray) Howell Aster laevis subsp. geyeri (A

where it appears to have a more northern distribution than F. laevis. See 1. F. laevis for a discussion of the differences between these species. None

triangular-lanceolate; involucres 3-7 mm; perianth white, pink, or purple Mirabilis laevis 11 Involucres not or only slightly accrescent after anthesis, greenish at

alpina (Nuttall) S. Watson Lesquerella alpina var. laevis (Payson) C. L. Hitchcock Lesquerella condensata var. laevis Payson Treatment appears in FNA Volume 7.

Basionym: Aster concinnus Willdenow Enum. Pl. 2: 884. 1809 Synonyms: Aster laevis var. concinnus (Willdenow) House Treatment appears in FNA Volume 20. Treatment

purpuratus Nees Gen. Sp. Aster., 118. 1832 Synonyms: Aster attenuatus Lindley Aster laevis var. purpuratus (Nees) A. G. Jones Symphyotrichum attenuatum Treatment appears

Zygophyllaceae Zygophyllaceae Zygophyllaceae Zygophyllaceae Fagonia longipes Fagonia laevis Zygophyllum fabago Larrea tridentata Barbara Alongi Barbara Alongi Barbara

Bigelow Opuntia phaeacantha var. brunnea Enge lmann Opuntia phaeacantha var. laevis (J. M. Coulter) L. D. Benson Opuntia phaeacantha var. major Engelmann Opuntia

have been reported to parasitize Aristida stricta (Poaceae) and Quercus laevis (Fagaceae) (L. J. Musselman and W. F. Mann 1977). Greenhouse experiments

between Amelanchier spicata and A. arborea, A. bartramiana, A. intermedia, A. laevis, and A. sanguinea. Plants determined to be apomictic and attributed to this

hemisphaerica (D. M. Hunt 1989), Q. laurifolia (= Q. ×atlantica Ashe), Q. laevis (= Q. ×asheana Little), Q. marilandica (= Q. ×cravenensis Little), Q. nigra

Penstemon ×jonesii Pennell, a putative hybrid between P. eatonii and P. laevis, is known only from Kane and Washington counties, Utah (E. C. Neese and

M. Hunt (1989) cited evidence of hybridization with Q. hemisphaerica, Q. laevis, Q. marilandica, Q. myrtifolia, and either Q. falcata or Q. velutina. None

1989); and with Q. incana (producing Q. ×sublaurifolia Trelease), and Q. laevis (producing Q. ×mellichampi Trelease). None. None. window.propertiesFrom

ilicifolia (= Q. ×caesariensis Moldenke), Q. imbricaria, Q. incana, Q. laevis, Q. laurifolia (= Q. ×beaumontiana Sargent), and Q. marilandica (E. J. Palmer

introduced outside North America. It is sold in the horticultural trade. Aster laevis forma beckwithiae House is a white-rayed phenotype that is not recognized

hybridizes with Q. imbricaria, Q. ilicifolia (= Q. ×robbinsii Trelease), Q. laevis, and Q. palustris (E. J. Palmer 1948) and with Q. phellos, Q. rubra, and

Hibiscus dasycalyx might better be treated as a subspecies or variety of H. laevis; R. L. Small (2004) found molecular evidence that it should be maintained

evidence of hybridization of Quercus inopina with Q. hemisphaerica, Q. laevis, and Q. myrtifolia has been reported (D. M. Hunt 1989). None. None. window

hybridizes with Q. falcata (= Q. ×garlandensis E. J. Palmer), Q. incana, Q. laevis (= Q. ×walteriana Ashe), Q. marilandica (= Q. ×sterilis Trelease), Q. phellos

Trelease), Q. hemisphaerica, Q. imbricaria (= Q. ×egglestoni Trelease), Q. laevis, Q. laurifolia, Q. marilandica, Q. nigra, Q. palustris (= Q. ×mutabilis

cited evidence of hybridization also with Q. arkansana, Q. hemisphaerica, Q. laevis, Q. laurifolia, Q. myrtifolia, Q. palustris, and Q. rubra. The Choctaw used

×rehderi Trelease), Q. imbricaria (= Q. ×leana Nuttall), Q. incana, Q. laevis, and Q. laurifolia (= Q. ×cocksii Sargent, although E. J. Palmer [1948]

include Diospyros virginiana, Nyssa sylvatica var. sylvatica, and Quercus laevis. Aristida stricta often dominates the herb layer, although on the most sterile