View source for Linum usitatissimum

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Linum usitatissimum
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=1: 277. 1753
|year=1753
}}
|common_names=Common flax;lin cultivé
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=W
|label=Weedy
}}{{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=I
|label=Introduced
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Linaceae;Linum;Linum sect. Linum;Linum usitatissimum
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Linaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Linum]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>section</small>[[Linum sect. Linum]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Linum usitatissimum]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 12
|mention_page=page 375, 376
|treatment_page=page 374
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Herbs,</b> annual, 20–100 cm, glabrous or glabrate throughout. <b>Stems</b> erect, unbranched or few-branched at base (all flowering). <b>Leaves</b> divergent; blade linear to linear-lanceolate, 10–40 × 1.5–5 mm. <b>Inflorescences</b> open panicles. <b>Pedicels</b> erect in fruit, to 20–25 mm. <b>Flowers</b> homostylous; sepals ovate, 6–9 mm, margins of inner sepals minutely ciliate, outer ciliate, apex acuminate; petals usually blue, rarely white, obovate, 10–15 mm; stamens 5–7 mm; anthers 1–1.5 mm; staminodia present; styles distinct or connate at base, 3–6 mm; stigmas linear or clavate. <b>Capsules</b> ovoid to subglobose, 6–10 × 5–10 mm, apex rounded, dehiscing incompletely, segments falling freely, margins ciliate or not. <b>Seeds</b> 4–6 × 2.5–3 mm. <b>2n</b> = 30.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering Apr–Sep.
|habitat=Disturbed areas, roadsides, abandoned homesteads, fields.
|elevation=0–2400 m.
|distribution=Alta.;B.C.;Man.;Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.);N.W.T.;N.S.;Ont.;Que.;Sask.;Ala.;Ariz.;Ark.;Calif.;Colo.;Conn.;Del.;D.C.;Fla.;Ga.;Idaho;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Kans.;Ky.;La.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Miss.;Mo.;Mont.;Nebr.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Mex.;N.Y.;N.C.;N.Dak.;Ohio;Okla.;Oreg.;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;S.Dak.;Tenn.;Tex.;Vt.;Va.;Wash.;W.Va.;Wis.;Wyo.;Eurasia;introduced also in c Mexico;Central America;s South America;Pacific Islands (New Zealand).
|discussion=<p><i>Linum usitatissimum</i> has been cultivated since antiquity, and it is this cultivated form that has naturalized in the wild. Flax fibers twisted to make rope or dyed for fabric dated 32,000–26,000 years before present were found in a cave in Dzudzuana, Georgia (E. Kvavadze et al. 2009). Stem fibers of <i>L. usitatissimum</i> are used to make linen; the seeds are pressed to produce linseed oil; the rest of the seeds are compacted into cakes and used as fodder. <i>Linum usitatissimum</i> is the only species in the flora area except <i>L. bienne</i> that has linear stigmas and minutely ciliate inner sepals. It can be distinguished from <i>L. bienne</i> by its larger, apically rounded capsules.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Linum usitatissimum
|author=
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=species
|parent rank=section
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Linaceae
|phenology=Flowering Apr–Sep.
|habitat=Disturbed areas, roadsides, abandoned homesteads, fields.
|elevation=0–2400 m.
|distribution=Alta.;B.C.;Man.;Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.);N.W.T.;N.S.;Ont.;Que.;Sask.;Ala.;Ariz.;Ark.;Calif.;Colo.;Conn.;Del.;D.C.;Fla.;Ga.;Idaho;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Kans.;Ky.;La.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Miss.;Mo.;Mont.;Nebr.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Mex.;N.Y.;N.C.;N.Dak.;Ohio;Okla.;Oreg.;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;S.Dak.;Tenn.;Tex.;Vt.;Va.;Wash.;W.Va.;Wis.;Wyo.;Eurasia;introduced also in c Mexico;Central America;s South America;Pacific Islands (New Zealand).
|introduced=true
|reference=None
|publication title=Sp. Pl.
|publication year=1753
|special status=Weedy;Introduced
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/8f726806613d60c220dc4493de13607dd3150896/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V12/V12_334.xml
|genus=Linum
|section=Linum sect. Linum
|species=Linum usitatissimum
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Linum sect. Linum]]