View source for Acleisanthes

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Acleisanthes
|accepted_authority=A. Gray
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Amer. J. Sci. Arts, ser.
|place=2, 15: 259. 1853
|year=1853
}}
|common_names=Trumpets
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Ammocodon
|authority=Standley
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Selinocarpus
|authority=A. Gray
}}
|hierarchy=Nyctaginaceae;Acleisanthes
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Nyctaginaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Acleisanthes]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek a, without, cleis, thing that closes, and anthos, flower; alluding to lack of involucre
|volume=Volume 4
|mention_page=page 14, 16, 17
|treatment_page=page 33
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>perennial, finely pubescent, from stout taproots. <b>Stems</b> prostrate to erect, often clambering through other vegetation, slender to ± stout, herbaceous or woody, unarmed, without glutinous bands on internodes. <b>Leaves</b> sessile to petiolate, subequal to greatly unequal in each pair, ± thick and succulent, base asymmetric or ± symmetric. <b>Inflorescences</b> terminal or axillary, solitary flowers or few-flowered cymes and nearly sessile, or short pedicellate in 3–25-flowered umbellate clusters in axils or forks of branches; bracts persistent, not accrescent, 1–3 beneath each flower, distinct, narrowly lanceolate, small or minute, herbaceous. <b>Flowers</b> bisexual, chasmogamous and/or cleistogamous; cleistogamous perianth narrow domelike tube atop basal portion; chasmogamous perianth radially symmetric, short to elongate funnelform, constricted beyond ovary, abruptly expanded to 5-lobed limb; stamens 2(–3) or 5–6 (2–5 in cleistogamous flowers), exserted; styles exserted beyond anthers; stigmas peltate. <b>Fruits</b> oblong or narrowly ellipsoid, coriaceous, smooth, glabrous or minutely puberulent; ribs 5, rounded, often with large, dark, sticky gland near apex, or wings 3–5, coriaceous, hyaline, often between ribs or wings a rib or low sharp ridge.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=sw United States;n Mexico;ne Africa.
|discussion=<p>Species 17 (12 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>R. A. Levin (2000) showed that Selinocarpus is paraphyletic and embedded within <i>Acleisanthes</i>. All species are pubescent on young stems and leaves. Older leaves may be glabrate or glabrous.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=fowler1977a
|text=Fowler, B. A. and B. L. Turner. 1977. Taxonomy of Selinocarpus and Ammocodon (Nyctaginaceae). Phytologia 37: 177–208.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=levin2002a
|text=Levin, R. A. 2002. Taxonomic status of Acleisanthes, Selinocarpus, and Ammocodon (Nyctaginaceae). Novon 12: 58–63.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=smith1976a
|text=Smith, J. M. 1976. A taxonomic study of Acleisanthes (Nyctaginaceae). Wrightia 5: 261–276.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Fruits with rounded or broadly obtuse ribs
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Fruits with thin, hyaline wings
|[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Resinous glands present at or near apex of fruits; overall glandular pubescence consisting of mixture of capitate hairs 0.2-0.3 mm, and shorter white, capitate hairs 0.1-0.2 mm
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Resinous glands on fruits absent; overall pubescence consisting of white, capitate hairs 0.1-0.4 mm
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Glands at apex of mature fruits; ribs not extending past glands; fruits oblong, base and apex truncate
|[[Acleisanthes wrightii|Acleisanthes wrightii]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Glands below apex of mature fruits; ribs extending past glands; fruits constricted at level of glands, oval-oblong, base tapering apex truncate
|[[Acleisanthes acutifolia|Acleisanthes acutifolia]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Fruits 10-ribbed; leaves in each pair very unequal
|[[Acleisanthes anisophylla|Acleisanthes anisophylla]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Fruits 5-ribbed; leaves in each pair slightly unequal
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Ribs on fruit broad, flat, lacking grooves; leaf blades adaxially hirtellous on primary and secondary veins
|[[Acleisanthes crassifolia|Acleisanthes crassifolia]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Ribs on fruit narrow, ridgelike, often with pair of parallel grooves between each rib or ridge; leaf blades uniformly puberulent to glabrate
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Inflorescences usually solitary flowers, rarely geminate; chasmogamous flowers 7-17 cm
|[[Acleisanthes longiflora|Acleisanthes longiflora]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Inflorescences usually 2-5-flowered cymes, occasionally solitary flowers; chasmogamous flowers 2.5-5.5 cm
|[[Acleisanthes obtusa|Acleisanthes obtusa]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Perianths 4-15 mm, limbs pink or brownish orange; leaf blades from ovate or deltate to linear; at least young stems and leaves with minute, white, T-shaped hairs
|[[#key-0-8| > 8]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Perianths 17-52 mm, limbs white, cream, or greenish yellow; leaf blades lanceolate, ovate, ovate-oblong, or ± diamond-shaped; at least young stems and leaves with minute, white, hairs not T shaped
|[[#key-0-9| > 9]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Perianth limbs pink to lavender; perianth 4-6 mm; leaf blades ovate, ovate-oblong, or deltate; plants herbaceous; stamens usually 2
|[[Acleisanthes chenopodioides|Acleisanthes chenopodioides]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Perianth limbs brownish orange; perianth 10-15 mm; leaf blades linear or linear- lanceolate; plants woody at base or throughout; stamens 5.
|[[Acleisanthes angustifolia|Acleisanthes angustifolia]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Pubescence of minute, flat, white hairs only; petioles 0-3 mm; leaf margins entire
|[[Acleisanthes lanceolata|Acleisanthes lanceolata]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Pubescence of glandular hairs or multicellular conic hairs and minute, flat, white hairs; petioles 1-20 mm; leaf margins entire or undulate
|[[#key-0-10| > 10]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Stems ascending to erect, sparsely leafy; leaves abruptly reduced toward inflo- rescence; fruits 8-10 mm
|[[Acleisanthes parvifolia|Acleisanthes parvifolia]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Stems commonly decumbent, sometimes erect, densely leafy; leaves gradually reduced toward inflorescence; fruits 5-7 mm
|[[#key-0-11| > 11]]
|-id=key-0-11
|11
|Leaf blades ovate to ovate-oblong, leaves commonly drying brownish green; perianth limbs 15 mm wide
|[[Acleisanthes diffusa|Acleisanthes diffusa]]
|-id=key-0-11
|11
|Leaf blades ovate to orbiculate, leaves commonly drying yellowish green; perianth limbs 10 mm wide
|[[Acleisanthes nevadensis|Acleisanthes nevadensis]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Acleisanthes
|author=Jackie M. Poole
|authority=A. Gray
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=Ammocodon;Selinocarpus
|basionyms=
|family=Nyctaginaceae
|distribution=sw United States;n Mexico;ne Africa.
|reference=fowler1977a;levin2002a;smith1976a
|publication title=Amer. J. Sci. Arts, ser.
|publication year=1853
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/8f726806613d60c220dc4493de13607dd3150896/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V4/V4_58.xml
|genus=Acleisanthes
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Nyctaginaceae]]