View source for Chrysopsis

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Chrysopsis
|accepted_authority=(Nuttall) Elliott
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sketch Bot. S. Carolina
|place=2: 333. 1823
|year=1823
}}
|common_names=Goldenaster
|basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Basionym
|name=Inula
|authority=Linnaeus subgen. Chrysopsis Nuttall
|rank=genus
|publication_title=Gen. N. Amer. Pl.
|publication_place=2: 150. 1818
}}
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Diplopappus
|authority=Cassini
|rank=genus
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Heterotheca sect. Chrysopsis
|authority=(Nuttall) V. L. Harms
|rank=section
}}
|hierarchy=Asteraceae;Asteraceae tribe Astereae;Chrysopsis
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Asteraceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Asteraceae tribe Astereae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Chrysopsis]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek chrysos, gold, and opsis, appearance or likeness, alluding to yellow corollas
|volume=Volume 20
|mention_page=page 8, 10, 14, 211, 214, 222, 231, 232
|treatment_page=page 213
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Biennials,</b> perennials, or subshrubs, 20–110(–150) cm, hairs usually soft, flexible, flagelliform (1–5 large, short basal cells, abruptly changing to thinner, elongate distal cells); taprooted or fibrous-rooted. <b>Stems</b> erect, ascending, procumbent or decumbent, simple or branched, glabrous or woolly, arachnoid (in <i>C. mariana</i>), often densely stipitate-glandular, especially distally. <b>Leaves</b>: basal (in rosettes) and cauline; alternate; sessile; basal blades 1-nerved (net-veined), spatulate to oblanceolate (bases petiole-like), margins entire or apically dentate-serrate, faces usually sparsely to densely woolly (at least in young rosettes) or piloso-sericeous, rarely arachnoid; cauline blades linear, lanceolate, elliptic, or ovate (bases sometimes ± clasping), margins entire or dentate, sometimes coarsely ciliate, faces glabrous or densely woolly, pilose, or arachnoid, or stipitate-glandular. <b>Heads</b> in corymbiform, subumbelliform, or paniculiform arrays (peduncles nearly naked to leafy-bracteate). <b>Involucres</b> campanulate, (5–12 ×) 5.5–14 mm. <b>Phyllaries</b> 30–55 in 3–5 series, 1-nerved, (weakly to strongly keeled proximally, flat to slightly convex distally), linear-lanceolate to oblanceolate, unequal, chartaceous to membranous proximally, membranous or foliaceous distally, margins scarious proximally, faces glabrous or hairy, sometimes stipitate-glandular or gland-dotted. <b>Receptacles</b> slightly convex, shallowly pitted, epaleate. <b>Ray</b> florets 9–36, pistillate, fertile; corollas yellow. <b>Disc</b> florets 25–90, bisexual, fertile; corollas yellow, ampliate, tubes ± equaling distally dilated throats, lobes 5, erect, triangular; style-branch appendages triangular. <b>Cypselae</b> (stramineous) obconic, compressed, usually smooth or shallowly 1–10-ribbed, sometimes 2–10-ridged (ridges yellow to red-brown, clavate, translucent), faces sparsely to moderately strigose; pappi persistent, in (2–)3(–4) series, outer of linear to narrowly triangular scales 0.4–1.4 mm, inner 1–2(–3) series of 20–40 whitish to stramineous, thin, barbellate, apically attenuate or clavate bristles. <b>x</b> = 5, 4, 9.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=se United States.
|discussion=<p>Species 11 (11 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>All species of <i>Chrysopsis</i> are native to Florida; two species occur also north and west of the state. As circumscribed here, the genus includes the North American goldenasters that bear flagelliform hairs with bases of large cells. Historically, <i>Chrysopsis</i> included most species treated here in <i>Heterotheca</i> and all species treated here in <i>Pityopsis</i> (J. C. Semple 1981, 1996, literature cited therein). The two annual species of <i>Bradburia</i> are excluded, although G. L. Nesom (1991) included them in <i>Chrysopsis</i>. The cytotaxonomy of <i>Chrysopsis</i> has been studied in detail with the karyotypes of nearly all species illustrated, the allopolypoid origins of the <i>C. gossypina</i> complex documented, and the cytogeography of the four ploidy levels in <i>C. mariana</i> described (Semple 1977; Semple et al. 1980; Semple and C. C. Chinnappa 1980, 1980b, 1984, 1986). Semple and J. L. A. Hood (2005) described the pappi of the genera of subtribe Chrysopsidinae. Pappus traits of species within <i>Chrysopsis</i> are similar but differ from those of <i>Bradburia</i>, <i>Heterotheca</i>, and <i>Pityopsis</i>. Most species of <i>Chrysopsis</i> are restricted to limited habitats within Florida; some are rare or threatened. Different morphotypes of <i>C. gossypina</i>, a variable allopolyploid, may be superficially similar to one or another of the distinct diploid species (Semple 1981).</p><!--
--><p>Diplogon Rafinesque is a rejected name.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=nesom1991d
|text=Nesom, G. L. 1991. Union of Bradburia with Chrysopsis (Asteraceae: Astereae), with a phylogenetic hypothesis for Chrysopsis. Phytologia 71: 109–121.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=semple1980b
|text=Semple, J. C. and C. C. Chinnappa. 1980. Phylogenetic implications of meiosis in wild and cultivated interspecific hybrids in Chrysopsis (Compositae–Astereae): C. godfreyi (n = 5) × gossypina ssp. cruiseana (n = 9) and C. godfreyi (n = 5) × linearifolia (n = 5). Canad. J. Bot. 58: 172–181.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=semple1980c
|text=Semple, J. C. and C. C. Chinnappa. 1980b. Karyotype evolution and chromosome numbers in Chrysopsis (Nutt.) Ell. sensu Semple (Compositae–Astereae). Canad. J. Bot. 58: 164–171.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=semple1981a
|text=Semple, J. C. 1981. A revision of the goldenaster genus Chrysopsis (Nutt.) Ell. nom. cons. (Compositae–Astereae). Rhodora 83: 323–384.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Cypselae 2–10-ridged (ridges yellow to red-brown, translucent); phyllaries glabrous or densely pilose, sometimes stipitate-glandular
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Cypselae without yellow to red-brown, translucent ridges; phyllaries moderately to densely glandular
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Phyllary apices spreading to reflexed, twisted, usually long-attenuate (some n Florida collections acute, but leaves typical), eglandular; cypselae 6–10-ridged
|[[Chrysopsis subulata|Chrysopsis subulata]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Phyllary apices usually appressed, acute to acuminate, sometimes stipitate-glandular; cypselae 2–6-ridged
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Phyllaries 1.5–2.5 mm wide
|[[Chrysopsis latisquamea|Chrysopsis latisquamea]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Phyllaries 0.5–1(–1.3) mm wide
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Margins of distal leaves piloso-ciliate
|[[Chrysopsis gossypina|Chrysopsis gossypina]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Margins of distal leaves not piloso-ciliate
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Stems erect; leaf blades mostly linear (sometimes twisted), proximal to mid cauline faces glabrous; panhandle and peninsular Florida
|[[Chrysopsis linearifolia|Chrysopsis linearifolia]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Stems procumbent; leaf blades linear-elliptic to oblong; proximal to mid cauline faces sometimes sparsely pilose
|[[Chrysopsis gossypina|Chrysopsis gossypina]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Distal leaves (and stems) silky-sericeous
|[[Chrysopsis mariana|Chrysopsis mariana]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Distal leaves stipitate-glandular, hirsute, woolly, lanulate, or sericeous-tomentose, not silky-sericeous.
|[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Phyllary apices spreading to reflexed, attenuate to long-attenuate; c, w Florida panhandle
|[[#key-0-8| > 8]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Phyllary apices erect, acute, acuminate, or obtuse; peninsular and e panhandle Florida
|[[#key-0-9| > 9]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Stems decumbent to ascending or erect; heads in corymbiform to paniculiform arrays; coastal dunes (see also forms of C. gossypina subsp. gossypina)
|[[Chrysopsis godfreyi|Chrysopsis godfreyi]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Stems erect; heads in paniculiform arrays; inland in disturbed habitats
|[[Chrysopsis lanuginosa|Chrysopsis lanuginosa]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Mid cauline leaf faces woolly or tomentose; involucres yellow-green in bud
|[[#key-0-10| > 10]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Mid cauline leaf faces usually sparsely hirsute, rarely woolly, stipitate-glandular; involucres green in bud
|[[#key-0-11| > 11]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Mid cauline leaf blades obovate or oblanceolate, bases cuneate to slightly auriculate-clasping, marginal cilia rarely more than 1 mm, faces appressed-tomentose; distal blade faces appressed-tomentose, sparsely stipitate-glandular (glands hidden by hair)
|[[Chrysopsis floridana|Chrysopsis floridana]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Mid cauline leaf blades oblong, oblong-elliptic, sometimes ovate to lanceolate, bases truncate to rounded, some marginal cilia 2–3 mm, faces woolly-lanulate; distal blade faces glabrate to sparsely woolly-pilose, densely stipitate-glandular
|[[Chrysopsis highlandsensis|Chrysopsis highlandsensis]]
|-id=key-0-11
|11
|Biennials; stems erect, simple, tips erect to ascending before heads form; mid leaf faces glabrate to sparsely strigillose, densely short-stipitate-glandular (larger glandular hairs 0.01–0.3 mm); heads in compact to lax, corymbiform arrays; peninsu-lar and e panhandle Florida
|[[Chrysopsis scabrella|Chrysopsis scabrella]]
|-id=key-0-11
|11
|Perennials (sometimes monocarpic); stems ascending to erect, tips usually nodding before heads form; mid leaf faces moderately hirsute, densely stipitate-glandular, viscid (larger glandular hairs 0.3–0.9 mm); heads in compact to moderately open, corymbiform to paniculiform arrays; mostly Lake Wales Ridge and Atlantic Ridge, c and se Florida
|[[Chrysopsis delaneyi|Chrysopsis delaneyi]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Chrysopsis
|author=John C. Semple
|authority=(Nuttall) Elliott
|rank=genus
|parent rank=tribe
|synonyms=Diplopappus;Heterotheca sect. Chrysopsis
|basionyms=Inula
|family=Asteraceae
|illustrator=Marjorie C. Leggitt
|illustration copyright=Flora of North America Association
|distribution=se United States.
|reference=nesom1991d;semple1980b;semple1980c;semple1981a
|publication title=Sketch Bot. S. Carolina
|publication year=1823
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f50eec43f223ca0e34566be0b046453a0960e173/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V19-20-21/V20_474.xml
|tribe=Asteraceae tribe Astereae
|genus=Chrysopsis
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Asteraceae tribe Astereae]]