View source for Harrisia

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Harrisia
|accepted_authority=Britton
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Bull. Torrey Bot. Club
|place=35: 561. 1908
|year=1908
}}
|common_names=Applecactus
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Cereus subg. Eriocereus
|authority=A. Berger
}}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Eriocereus
|authority=(A.B erger) Riccobono
}}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Roseocereus
|authority=Backeberg
}}
|hierarchy=Cactaceae;Cactaceae subfam. Cactoideae;Harrisia
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Cactaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Cactaceae subfam. Cactoideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Harrisia]]</div></div>
|etymology=for William H. Harris, 1860–1920, Superintendent of Public Gardens and Plantations of Jamaica
|volume=Volume 4
|mention_page=page 96, 97
|treatment_page=page 152
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="shrub growth form;shrub orientation;plant life cycle;plant orientation;plant orientation;plant orientation;plant orientation;plant architecture;plant architecture;branch orientation"><b>Shrubs,</b> often treelike, erect or old plants with branches usually ascending, clambering, or prostrate, sparingly branched or unbranched.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="root density"><b>Roots </b>diffuse (sometimes tuberlike).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="stem architecture;stem coloration;stem length or size;stem shape;stem length;stem width;stem pubescence"><b>Stems </b>unsegmented, green, long cylindric, 100–600 × 2.5–6 cm, glabrous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="rib count;rib shape;rib position;rib some measurement;rib depth;rib relief">ribs 8–12, rounded, low, less than 1 cm deep, shallowly to indistinctly tuberculate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="areole some measurement;areole arrangement;areole shape;areole shape;areole shape;areole height or length or size;areole pubescence;leaf size;leaf shape;leaf duration">areoles ca. 2 cm apart along ribs, circular to oval, short woolly, sometimes subtended by small, subulate, deciduous leaves;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="areolar gland prominence">areolar glands not apparent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="cortex coating;pith coating">cortex and pith mucilaginous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="spine count;spine orientation;spine orientation;spine orientation;spine coloration;spine coloration;spine coloration;spine coloration;spine coloration;spine life cycle;spine coloration;spine shape;spine course;spine shape;spine length;spine atypical width;spine width;spine texture;spine architecture or pubescence or relief;spine pubescence;tip coloration;tip coloration"><b>Spines </b>6–17 per areole, usually porrect to ascending, white to pinkish or yellow to light-brown, aging gray, sometimes with tips darker or yellowish, acicular, straight, ± terete, 10–40 × 0.5–0.75 [–1.5] mm, hard, smooth and glabrous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="central spine arrangement;central spine prominence">radial spines and central spines not clearly distinguishable.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="flower duration;flower count;flower life cycle;flower shape;flower atypical length;flower length;flower width;stem architecture;stem growth order or position;stem position;stem position"><b>Flowers </b>nocturnal, remaining open next day, lateral or terminal on stems at least 1 year old, funnelform, 12–20 [–25] × 8–12 cm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="outer tepal coloration;outer tepal coloration;outer tepal coloration;outer tepal coloration;outer tepal shape;outer tepal shape;outer tepal shape;outer tepal shape;outer tepal length;outer tepal width;margin architecture or shape">outer tepals green to reddish or purplish, linear to lanceolate or narrowly oblong, 50–60 × 4.5–6 mm, margins entire;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="inner tepal coloration;inner tepal coloration;inner tepal coloration;inner tepal length;inner tepal width;margin shape;margin shape">inner tepals white to pinkish, 60–75 × 12–20 mm, margins entire or denticulate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="ovary relief;ovary architecture or pubescence;ovary architecture">ovary usually conspicuously tuberculate, scaly, spineless or spines represented by soft and silky to stiff hairs [or spiny];</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="scale architecture or shape">scales entire;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="stigma lobe count;stigma lobe coloration;stigma lobe coloration;stigma lobe coloration;stigma lobe some measurement">stigma lobes 8–15, yellow-green to white, 6–9 mm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="fruit dehiscence;fruit dehiscence;fruit coloration;fruit coloration;fruit coloration;fruit coloration;fruit coloration;fruit coloration;fruit coloration;fruit coloration;fruit coloration;fruit coloration;fruit coloration;fruit coloration;fruit coloration;fruit coloration;fruit coloration;fruit shape;fruit shape;fruit shape;fruit atypical length;fruit atypical length;fruit length;fruit atypical width;fruit atypical width;fruit width;fruit architecture"><b>Fruits </b>indehiscent or splitting irregularly from apex toward base, green to yellow, red, or orange-red, spheric to ovoid-spheric, [30–] 40–75 [–80] × [30–] 40–75 [–80] mm, usually spineless (or spines bristlelike) [or slender acicular];</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="scale duration">scales deciduous [sometimes persistent];</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="pulp coloration">pulp white;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="floral remnant duration">floral remnant usually persistent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties=""><b>Seeds </b>black, broadly ovoid or broadly ellipsoid, 2–3 × 1.5 mm, warty.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s20" data-properties="seed coloration;seed shape;seed shape;seed length;seed width;seed pubescence or relief;x chromosome count">x = 11.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Fla.;West Indies;South America.
|discussion=<p>Species ca. 20 (3 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>In lieu of a detailed study of Harrisia, this treatment respects earlier taxonomies based in large part on the fruit color and the colors of the hairs in the areoles of the flowers and fruits. Both characters may prove to be variable within taxa of Harrisia and therefore not be taxonomically useful.</p><!--
--><p>Harrisia was traditionally classified with columnar cacti of North America and Central America, e.g., have kinship with Acanthocereus, Selenicereus, or Hylocereus, which also form long-tubed, nocturnal flowers. Recent DNA analyses have demonstrated that Harrisia belongs instead to a large South American clade of columnar cacti (R. S. Wallace and A. C. Gibson 2002), with which they share axillary tufts of silky hairs on the flower tube.</p><!--
--><p>The basis for E. F. Anderson’s (2001) inclusion of Harrisia eriophora in the flora, in addition to the species recognized here, is not apparent. He recognized H. donae-antoniae, an invalid name for a local Florida variant of H. aboriginum, in the synonymy of H. gracilis (Miller) Britton. He apparently did not intend, however, to include H. gracilis as native to Florida because he listed its geographic distribution as “Jamaica.”</p><!--
--><p>The fruits of several species of Harrisia are sweet and edible.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Flower buds with brown hairs; scales of flower tube with axillary tufts of stiff, tawny brown hairs; fruits dull yellow at maturity
|[[Harrisia aboriginum|Harrisia aboriginum]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Flower buds with white hairs; scales of flower tube with axillary tufts of soft, white hairs; fruits dull red or orange-red at maturity
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Flower tubes prominently ridged; scales turgid near base; fruits depressed-spheric
|[[Harrisia simpsonii|Harrisia simpsonii]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Flower tube smooth, not or scarcely ridged; scales flat or nearly so; fruits obovoid
|[[Harrisia fragrans|Harrisia fragrans]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Harrisia
|author=Bruce D. Parfitt;Arthur C. Gibson
|authority=Britton
|rank=genus
|parent rank=subfamily
|synonyms=Cereus subg. Eriocereus;Eriocereus;Roseocereus
|basionyms=
|family=Cactaceae
|distribution=Fla.;West Indies;South America.
|reference=None
|publication title=Bull. Torrey Bot. Club
|publication year=1908
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/287ef3db526bd807d435a3c7423ef2df1e951227/V4/V4_294.xml
|subfamily=Cactaceae subfam. Cactoideae
|genus=Harrisia
|areolar gland prominence=not apparent
|areole arrangement=apart
|areole height or length or size=short
|areole pubescence=woolly
|areole shape=circular;oval
|areole some measurement=2
|branch orientation=ascending
|central spine arrangement=radial
|central spine prominence=distinguishable
|cortex coating=mucilaginous
|floral remnant duration=persistent
|flower atypical length=20cm;25cm
|flower count=1
|flower duration=nocturnal
|flower length=12cm;20cm
|flower life cycle=old
|flower shape=funnelform
|flower width=8cm;12cm
|fruit architecture=spineless
|fruit atypical length=75mm;80mm
|fruit atypical width=75mm;80mm
|fruit coloration=green;yellow red or orange-red
|fruit dehiscence=splitting;indehiscent
|fruit length=40mm;75mm
|fruit shape=spheric;ovoid-spheric
|fruit width=40mm;75mm
|inner tepal coloration=white;pinkish
|inner tepal length=60mm;75mm
|inner tepal width=12mm;20mm
|leaf duration=deciduous
|leaf shape=subulate
|leaf size=small
|margin architecture or shape=entire
|margin shape=denticulate;entire
|outer tepal coloration=green;reddish or purplish
|outer tepal length=50mm;60mm
|outer tepal shape=linear;lanceolate or narrowly oblong
|outer tepal width=4.5mm;6mm
|ovary architecture=spineless
|ovary architecture or pubescence=scaly
|ovary relief=tuberculate
|pith coating=mucilaginous
|plant architecture=unbranched;branched
|plant life cycle=old
|plant orientation=prostrate;clambering;prostrate;clambering
|pulp coloration=white
|rib count=8;12
|rib depth=deep
|rib position=low
|rib relief=tuberculate
|rib shape=rounded
|rib some measurement=0cm;1cm
|root density=diffuse
|scale architecture or shape=entire
|scale duration=deciduous
|seed coloration=black
|seed length=2mm;3mm
|seed pubescence or relief=warty
|seed shape=ellipsoid;ovoid
|seed width=1.5
|shrub growth form=treelike
|shrub orientation=erect
|spine architecture or pubescence or relief=smooth
|spine atypical width=0.75mm;1.5mm
|spine coloration=gray;white;pinkish or yellow
|spine count=6;17
|spine course=straight
|spine length=10mm;40mm
|spine life cycle=aging
|spine orientation=usually porrect;ascending
|spine pubescence=glabrous
|spine shape=terete;acicular
|spine texture=hard
|spine width=0.5mm;0.75mm
|stem architecture=open;unsegmented
|stem coloration=green
|stem growth order or position=next
|stem length=100cm;600cm
|stem length or size=long
|stem position=terminal;lateral
|stem pubescence=glabrous
|stem shape=cylindric
|stem width=2.5cm;6cm
|stigma lobe coloration=yellow-green;white
|stigma lobe count=8;15
|stigma lobe some measurement=6mm;9mm
|tip coloration=yellowish;darker
|x chromosome count=11
}}<!--

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