View source for Pediocactus

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Pediocactus
|accepted_authority=Britton & Rose in N. L. Britton and A. Brown
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=in N. L. Britton and A. Brown, Ill. Fl. N. U.S. ed.
|place=2, 2: 569, fig. 2983. 1913
|year=1913
}}
|common_names=Plains cactus;foot cactus;hedgehog cactus
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Navajoa
|authority=Croizat
|rank=genus
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Pilocanthus
|authority=B. W. Benson & Backeberg
|rank=genus
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Puebloa
|authority=A. B. Doweld
|rank=genus
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Utahia
|authority=Britton & Rose
|rank=genus
}}
|hierarchy=Cactaceae;Cactaceae subfam. Cactoideae;Pediocactus
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Cactaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Cactaceae subfam. Cactoideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Pediocactus]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek pedio, a plain, referring to its supposed habitat, and Cactus, an old genus name
|volume=Volume 4
|mention_page=page 99, 198
|treatment_page=page 211
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>unbranched or few branched, deep-seated in substrate or rising 1–15 cm above substrate. <b>Roots</b> appearing as taproots at soil surface, branching, and ultimately diffuse. <b>Stems</b> unsegmented, green or gray-green, obconic-cylindric to spheric or depressed-spheric, 2–15 × 1–15 cm; tubercles distinct, not confluent into ribs, pyramidal, conic, truncate-conic, cylindroid, or mammillate, 2–10 mm; areoles circular, oval, pyriform, or elliptic, spiny and short or long woolly or glabrate; areolar glands absent; cortex and pith usually mucilaginous. <b>Spines</b> 3–45, reddish tan, pink, gray, or white, needle-shaped or awl-shaped to hairlike, 6–30 × 0.3–1 mm, smooth and hard, less often corky or spongy and soft, finely puberulent to glabrous; radial spines 3–35 per areole, spreading, erect, recurved, or somewhat pectinate, straight or irregularly curved, 1–32 mm; central spines 0–12, straight or curved upward, needlelike, hairlike, or corky, terete to flat. <b>Flowers</b> diurnal, borne at adaxial margins of areoles at stem apex, funnelform, 1–4 × 1–2.5 cm; outer tepals greenish or purple midstripes, pink or yellow margins, 9–25 × 3–9 mm, margins fringed, denticulate, or entire; inner tepals yellow, peach, pink, magenta, cream, or white, 4–15 × 3–7 mm, margins entire to fimbriate; ovary smooth, scaleless to few scaled, spineless; stigma lobes 5–9, yellow to green, 0.7–1.5 mm. <b>Fruits</b> dehiscent along 1 vertical suture, green or greenish yellow, often turning reddish brown, thin walled, cylindric, spheric or turbinate, 4–15 × 3–11 mm, becoming dry at maturity, smooth, scaleless or with few broad, thin scales; pulp greenish to white, scant; floral remnant deciduous. <b>Seeds</b> brown, black or gray, irregularly or obliquely obovoid or pyriform, 1.5–5 × 1–3.5 × 1–1.5 mm, papillate, sometimes also rugose, shiny; testa cells convex. <b>x</b> = 11.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=w United States.
|discussion=<p>Species 9 (9 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p><i>Pediocactus</i> is unified by its unusual fruit dehiscence and deciduous floral remnant. In other traits it is remarkably diverse. As a result, the nine species have historically been divided into as many as five genera. Chloroplast DNA sequences (R. Nyffeler 2002; C. A. Butterworth et al. 2002; J. M. Porter et al. unpublished) provide strong support for the monophyly of <i>Pediocactus</i>. Moreover, the traditional association of <i>Pediocactus</i> and <i>Sclerocactus</i> is refuted. <i>Pediocactus</i> is inferred to be more closely related to <i>Glandulicactus</i>, Turbinicarpus, and <i>Ariocarpus</i>, than to <i>Sclerocactus</i>, by these studies.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=heil1981a
|text=Heil, K. D., B. Armstrong, and D. Schleser. 1981. A review of the genus Pediocactus. Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 53: 17–39.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=hochstatter1995b
|text=Hochstätter, F. 1995c. The Genera Pediocactus, Navajoa, Toumeya, Cactaceae, Revised. Mannheim.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Spines corky or spongy; central or intermediate spines 1-1.5 mm diam. at base
|[[Pediocactus peeblesianus|Pediocactus peeblesianus]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Spines smooth, relatively hard, never corky or spongy; central spines, when present, 1 mm diam. at base or less
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Outer tepals and scales of flower tube long-fringed; central spines long and stout, 13-30 mm; stems 5-25 cm; Arizona, Utah.
|[[Pediocactus sileri|Pediocactus sileri]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Outer tepals and scales of flower tube either minutely toothed, laciniate, or entire and often undulate; central spines short and fine, less than 15 mm; or if spines stout and stem more than 5 cm, then not of Mojave and Coconino counties, Arizona, or Kane and Washington counties, Utah.
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Central spines flexible, hairlike, twisting or curving irregularly (sometimes straight)
|[[Pediocactus paradinei|Pediocactus paradinei]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Central spines rigid, straight or slightly curved, sometimes absent
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Stems 3-30 cm; central spines 4-12 per areole
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Stems 0.7-6.8 cm; central spines 0(-2) per areole
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Stems usually branched and elongate; spines nearly erect, radial spines reddish brown, 8-20 mm; usually below 1500 m; Washington, Oregon, and Idaho
|[[Pediocactus nigrispinus|Pediocactus nigrispinus]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Stems usually unbranched; spines spreading widely, radial spines white or cream, 3-13 mm; usually above 1500 m; Rocky Mountains and adjacent Great Plains of United States
|[[Pediocactus simpsonii|Pediocactus simpsonii]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Stems 0.7-5.5 × 1-3 cm; radial spines 18-26 per areole; seeds papillate, but not rugose
|[[Pediocactus knowltonii|Pediocactus knowltonii]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Stems 3.2-6.8 × 2.6-9.5 cm; radial spines 9-16 per areole; seeds papillate and rugose
|[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Areoles elliptic; radial spines mostly 13-16 per areole; inner tepals cream to straw yellow; seeds brownish black
|[[Pediocactus bradyi|Pediocactus bradyi]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Areoles oval to nearly circular; radial spines mostly 9-15 per areole; inner tepals yellow-bronze, peach-bronze, or pink; seeds black or gray
|[[#key-0-8| > 8]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Areoles mostly lanate (rarely glabrate); inner tepals peach or pink; seeds to 3 × 2 mm; plants s of San Rafael Swell, Utah
|[[Pediocactus winkleri|Pediocactus winkleri]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Areoles villous, not lanate; inner tepals yellow-bronze to peach bronze; seeds to 3.5 × 2.5 mm; plants of San Rafael Swell, Utah
|[[Pediocactus despainii|Pediocactus despainii]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Pediocactus
|author=Kenneth D. Heil;J. Mark Porter
|authority=Britton & Rose in N. L. Britton and A. Brown
|rank=genus
|parent rank=subfamily
|synonyms=Navajoa;Pilocanthus;Puebloa;Utahia
|basionyms=
|family=Cactaceae
|distribution=w United States.
|reference=heil1981a;hochstatter1995b
|publication title=in N. L. Britton and A. Brown, Ill. Fl. N. U.S. ed.
|publication year=1913
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f50eec43f223ca0e34566be0b046453a0960e173/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V4/V4_393.xml
|subfamily=Cactaceae subfam. Cactoideae
|genus=Pediocactus
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Cactaceae subfam. Cactoideae]]