View source for Petrorhagia

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Petrorhagia
|accepted_authority=(Seringe) Link
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Handbuch
|place=2: 235. 1831
|year=1831
}}
|basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Basionym
|name=Gypsophila sect. Petrorhagia
|authority=Seringe
|publication_title=in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr.
|publication_place=1: 354. 1824
}}
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Kohlrauschia
|authority=Kunth
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Tunica
|authority=Ludwig
}}
|hierarchy=Caryophyllaceae;Caryophyllaceae subfam. Caryophylloideae;Petrorhagia
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Caryophyllaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Caryophyllaceae subfam. Caryophylloideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Petrorhagia]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek petra- , rock, and rhagas, rent or chink, translation of Latin saxifraga, rockbreaking, alluding to prevalence in rock crevices
|volume=Volume 5
|mention_page=page 4, 6, 163
|treatment_page=page 162
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Herbs,</b> annual or perennial with woody bases. <b>Taproots</b> slender to stout Stems erect or ascending, simple or branched proximally, terete or angular. <b>Leaves</b> connate proximally into sheath, sessile; blade 1- or 3-veined, linear to narrowly oblanceolate, apex acute. <b>Inflorescences</b> terminal, dense capitula or lax cymes, or flowers solitary; bracts paired, brown-scarious and often enclosing inflorescence; involucel bracteoles of 1–3 pairs [or absent], similar in size and texture. <b>Pedicels</b> erect. <b>Flowers</b> bisexual, occasionally unisexual and female; sepals connate proximally into tube, 4–15 mm; tube green or reddish and white or brown-scarious, 15-veined, cylindric, terete, commissures between sepals veinless, broad, scarious; lobes green, reddish, or brown, 3-veined, oblong, shorter than tube, margins white or brown, scarious, apex rounded; petals 5, pink or purplish to white, clawed (or not in <i>P. saxifraga</i>), auricles absent, coronal appendages absent, blade apex entire and obtuse to 2-fid to 1/16 of length; nectaries at filament bases; stamens 10; filaments distinct; staminodes absent; ovary 1-locular; styles 2, filiform, 2–9 mm, glabrous proximally; stigmas 2, linear along adaxial surface of styles, papillate (30×). <b>Capsules</b> 4-lobed, oblong, shorter than sepals, opening by 4 slightly recurving or straight teeth; carpophore present. <b>Seeds</b> 8–15, blackish brown, shield- or helmet-shaped, dorsiventrally compressed, reticulate to papillate, marginal wing absent, appendage absent; embryo central, straight. <b>x</b> = [13?, 14?], 15.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Europe (Mediterranean region);c;sw Asia;Africa (Mediterranean region);introduced in South America;Africa (Republic of South Africa);Pacific Islands (Hawaii);Australia.
|discussion=<p>Species 33 (4 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Some authors, e.g., V. Bittrich (1993), prefer to split <i>Petrorhagia</i> as shown in couplet one of the key below, recognizing the five species in the genus with broad, brown-scarious bracts enclosing much of the inflorescence as the genus Kohlrauschia Kunth. While a dorsiventrally compressed seed with a straight, central embryo is common to all species, <i>Petrorhagia</i> is morphologically diverse, with five sections recognized by P. W. Ball and V. H. Heywood (1964), and in many ways morphologically intermediate between <i>Dianthus</i> and <i>Gypsophila</i>. If Kohlrauschia is recognized, the inflorescence is the only character not shared by at least a few other species of <i>Petrorhagia</i>.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=ball1964a
|text=Ball, P. W. and V. H. Heywood. 1964. A revision of the genus Petrorhagia. Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 3: 121–172.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=rabeler1985a
|text=Rabeler, R. K. 1985. Petrorhagia (Caryophyllaceae) in North America. Sida 11: 6–44.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=thomas1983a
|text=Thomas, S. M. and B. G. Murray. 1983. Chromosome studies in species and hybrids of Petrorhagia sect. Kohlrauschia (Caryophyllaceae). Pl. Syst. Evol. 141: 243–255.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Flowers in lax cymes or solitary; pedicels 5-20 mm; inflorescence bracts brown-scarious, linear to narrowly ovate, not enclosing flowers; involucel bracteoles scarious, narrowly ovate, less than 1/ 2 length of sepals; sepals 4-6 mm [sect. Petrorhagia]
|[[Petrorhagia saxifraga|Petrorhagia saxifraga]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Flowers in capitate inflorescences, rarely appearing solitary; pedicels 0.1-3 mm; inflorescence bracts and involucel bracteoles brown-scarious, broadly ovate, ± equaling sepals, enclosing flowers; sepals (5-)10-15 mm [sect. Kohlrauschia (Kunth) P. W. Ball & Heywood]
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Leaf sheaths ± as long as wide, usually 1-2 mm; petals with apex truncate or emarginate, dark-colored veins absent
|[[Petrorhagia prolifera|Petrorhagia prolifera]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Leaf sheaths 1.5-3 times as long as wide, usually 3-9 mm; petals with apex obcordate or 2-fid, dark-colored veins 1-6
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Seeds (1.3-)1.5-1.8 mm, shield-shaped, tuberculate; leaf sheaths (2-)3-4 mm; apices of inner inflorescence bracts obtuse or mucronate; dark-colored petal veins 1(-3)
|[[Petrorhagia nanteuilii|Petrorhagia nanteuilii]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Seeds 1-1.4 mm, helmet-shaped, covered with conical papillae; leaf sheaths (3-)4-9 mm; apices of inner inflorescence bracts mucronate; dark-colored petal veins 3(-6)
|[[Petrorhagia dubia|Petrorhagia dubia]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Petrorhagia
|author=Richard K. Rabeler;Ronald L. Hartman
|authority=(Seringe) Link
|rank=genus
|parent rank=subfamily
|synonyms=Kohlrauschia;Tunica
|basionyms=Gypsophila sect. Petrorhagia
|family=Caryophyllaceae
|illustrator=Barbara Alongi
|distribution=Europe (Mediterranean region);c;sw Asia;Africa (Mediterranean region);introduced in South America;Africa (Republic of South Africa);Pacific Islands (Hawaii);Australia.
|introduced=true
|reference=ball1964a;rabeler1985a;thomas1983a
|publication title=Handbuch
|publication year=1831
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f6b125a955440c0872999024f038d74684f65921/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V5/V5_333.xml
|subfamily=Caryophyllaceae subfam. Caryophylloideae
|genus=Petrorhagia
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Caryophyllaceae subfam. Caryophylloideae]]