View source for Sagina

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Sagina
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=1: 128. 1753
|year=1753
}}, {{Treatment/Publication
|title=Gen. Pl. ed.
|place=5, 62. 1754
|year=1754
}}
|common_names=Pearlwort;sagine
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Spergella
|authority=Reichenbach
|rank=genus
}}
|hierarchy=Caryophyllaceae;Caryophyllaceae subfam. Alsinoideae;Sagina
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Caryophyllaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Caryophyllaceae subfam. Alsinoideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Sagina]]</div></div>
|etymology=Latin sagina, ancient name for Spergula once included in Sagina, a feasting, fatten, alluding to early use as forage
|volume=Volume 5
|mention_page=page 7, 8, 105, 126
|treatment_page=page 140
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Herbs,</b> annual, winter-annual, or perennial, often cespitose or matted. <b>Taproots</b> slender. <b>Stems</b> ascending, decumbent, or procumbent, simple or branched, terete to slightly angular. <b>Leaves</b>: basal and secondary rosettes present in perennial species, usually connate proximally, sometimes forming conspicuous, scarious cup, sessile, with or without axillary fascicles of leaves; blade 1-veined, linear to subulate, succulent or not, apex acute to mucronate or apiculate (or long-aristate in <i>S. subulata</i>). <b>Inflorescences</b> terminal or axillary cymes, or flowers solitary; bracts paired, foliaceous. <b>Pedicels</b> erect or spreading. <b>Flowers</b>: perianth and androecium hypogynous; sepals 4 or 5, distinct, green or sometimes purple (in <i>S. nivalis</i> and <i>S. decumbens</i>), lanceolate to elliptic or orbiculate, 1–5.5 mm, herbaceous, margins white or purple, scarious, apex obtuse or rounded to somewhat acute, frequently hood-shaped in bud; petals 4 or 5, sometimes absent (frequently absent or soon dropping in annual species), white, claw absent or minute, blade apex entire; nectaries at base of filaments opposite sepals; stamens 4, 5, 8, or 10, arising from base of ovary; filaments distinct; staminodes absent; styles 4 or 5, clavate to filiform, 0.5–1.5 mm, glabrous proximally; stigmas 4 or 5, subterminal to linear along adaxial surface of styles, minutely papillate (30×). <b>Capsules</b> globose to ovoid, opening by 4 or 5 valves, sutures running to base, but in some species dehiscing only ca. 1/4–1/2 capsule length; carpophore absent. <b>Seeds</b> ca. 125, light tan to dark or reddish brown, obliquely triangular with abaxial groove, or reniform to nearly globose without abaxial groove (except <i>S. nodosa</i>, which is intermediate), laterally compressed or plump, smooth to tuberculate, marginal wing absent, appendage absent. <b>x</b> = 6, 7, 11.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Chiefly cold-temperate Northern Hemisphere;also on some tropical mountains.
|discussion=<p>Species 15–20 (10 in the flora).</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=crow1978a
|text=Crow, G. E. 1978. A taxonomic revision of Sagina (Caryophyllaceae) in North America. Rhodora 80: 1–91.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=crow1979a
|text=Crow, G. E. 1979. The systematic significance of seed morphology in Sagina (Caryophyllaceae) utilizing SEM. Brittonia 31: 52–63.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Petals nearly 2 times sepals, 3-4.5 mm; distal cauline leaves and lateral branches usually with axillary fascicles of minute, succulent leaves, giving knotted appearance
|[[Sagina nodosa|Sagina nodosa]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Petals shorter than, equaling, or barely longer than sepals, 0.8-3 mm, or absent; cauline leaves and procumbent stems sometimes with axillary fascicles resembling cauline leaves, not minute, succulent
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Flowers 5-merous; leaf blades fleshy; seeds reniform or nearly globose, plump, abaxial groove absent
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Flowers 4-5-merous; leaf blades not fleshy, or if slightly fleshy, then flowers predominantly 4-merous; seeds obliquely triangular, with abaxial groove
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Calyx bases and distal portion of pedicels glabrous
|[[Sagina maxima|Sagina maxima]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Calyx bases and distal portion of pedicels glandular-pubescent
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Seeds reddish brown, smooth or slightly pebbled
|[[Sagina maxima|Sagina maxima]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Seeds dark brown, usually distinctly tuberculate or strongly pebbled
|[[Sagina japonica|Sagina japonica]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Plants annual; stems filiform; distal cauline leaf blades subulate, becoming shorter distally
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Plants perennial; stems not filiform; distal cauline leaf blades linear, linear-subulate, or, if subulate, then plants cespitose
|[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Flowers 5-merous (rarely 4-merous, and then apetalous); leaf blade bases never ciliate; capsules longer than sepals
|[[Sagina decumbens|Sagina decumbens]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Flowers 4-merous, rarely 4- and 5-merous; leaf blade bases distinctly ciliate, especially of distal cauline leaves; capsules equaling or barely longer than sepals
|[[Sagina apetala|Sagina apetala]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Plants cespitose, forming low cushions; cauline leaf blades subulate; hyaline sepal margins purple
|[[#key-0-8| > 8]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Plants with stems ascending, spreading, procumbent, or mat-forming (sometimes cespitose in alpine sites); leaf blades linear; hyaline sepal margins white
|[[#key-0-9| > 9]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Flowers 4-merous, sometimes accompanied by 5-merous flowers; petals shorter than or equaling sepals, 1.5-2 mm; primary basal rosette of fleshy, subulate leaves present, secondary rosettes absent
|[[Sagina nivalis|Sagina nivalis]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Flowers 5-merous, sometimes accompanied by 4-merous flowers; petals longer than or rarely equaling sepals, 2.5-3 mm; primary basal rosette of leaves absent, secondary rosettes of linear leaves often present
|[[Sagina caespitosa|Sagina caespitosa]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Flowers 4-merous, sometimes accompanied by 5-merous flowers; petals 0.8-1 mm, sometimes absent; sepals divergent at time of capsule dehiscence
|[[Sagina procumbens|Sagina procumbens]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Flowers 5-merous; petals (1-)1.5-2 mm; sepals appressed to loosely appressed at time of capsule dehiscence
|[[#key-0-10| > 10]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Plants glabrous; cauline leaf blade apices apiculate; connate leaf bases not forming conspicuous cup
|[[Sagina saginoides|Sagina saginoides]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Plants with leaves, stems, pedicels, and calyx bases glandular-pubescent; cauline leaf blade apices aristate, aristae equaling or exceeding leaf width; connate leaf bases forming conspicuous, scarious cup
|[[Sagina subulata|Sagina subulata]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Sagina
|author=Garrett E. Crow
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=subfamily
|synonyms=Spergella
|basionyms=
|family=Caryophyllaceae
|illustrator=Bee F. Gunn
|illustration copyright=Flora of North America Association
|distribution=Chiefly cold-temperate Northern Hemisphere;also on some tropical mountains.
|reference=crow1978a;crow1979a
|publication title=Sp. Pl.;Gen. Pl. ed.
|publication year=1753;1754
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/bb6b7e3a7de7d3b7888a1ad48c7fd8f5c722d8d6/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V5/V5_287.xml
|subfamily=Caryophyllaceae subfam. Alsinoideae
|genus=Sagina
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Caryophyllaceae subfam. Alsinoideae]]