subterminal. Vegetative and reproductive buds vary in size, shape, and position. Three general types of bud size and shape gradation are recognized; namely, alba-type
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attached, clathrate. Petioles not articulate. Blades 1–4-pinnate, of diverse size and shape. Indusia present. x = 36. Worldwide. Species ca. 700 (28 species
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Flowers: sepals persistent or deciduous, 5, connate at base, equal or unequal in size, margins scarious, entire, ciliate, or toothed, glandular or not; petals
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stipules present or absent; petioles present. Leaf blades paired, equal in size (except in Pilea, which may have unequally paired leaves), dotted with linear
7 KB (600 words) - 22:53, 14 January 2021
leaves, most sporophylls fertile; megasporophylls and microsporophylls same size, in 4 alternating ranks, appressed, base usually with 2 diverging flaps or
15 KB (584 words) - 21:21, 5 November 2020
cilia variously short and appendiculate, or absent. Spores shed singly, size often variable in same collection and capsule, 10–50 µm, smooth to distinctly
6 KB (577 words) - 22:34, 5 November 2020
[present as glands]; petiolate or not; blade mostly ± uniform in shape and size, sometimes weakly to strongly dimorphic, pinnately veined, secondary venation
11 KB (1,157 words) - 23:52, 2 December 2022
from deciduous branchlets by shorter segments and differences in shape or size of leaves; furrows deep and closed, concealing stomates. Infructescences
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lanceolate-acuminate, external surface lamellose; endostome usually equal in size to exostome, basal membrane high, segments often perforate with gaps along
8 KB (668 words) - 22:35, 5 November 2020
mostly aporose, but may be porose in some species. Stem leaves similar in size to branch leaves; varying from triangular to lingulate-spatulate; apex varying
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micrometer is necessary to determine spore size. Twenty spores should be measured to determine their average size. Normally, megaspores are globose and marked
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oblong-hexagonal, surface not bulging, smooth, walls thin, lax; basal cells same size as distal cells. North America, Europe, Asia. Species 1. Amblyodon is characteristically
2 KB (106 words) - 22:35, 5 November 2020
cells and abaxial stereids; medial laminal cells of somewhat uneven shape and size across leaf, more or less quadrate or short-rectangular, often irregularly
5 KB (526 words) - 22:27, 5 November 2020
characteristics in sagebrush taxonomy are size of the plant, shape and lobing of the vegetative leaves, and size and shape of the flowering heads (A. A.
9 KB (668 words) - 20:57, 5 November 2020
long-acuminate, acumen erect to wide-spreading; perichaetial leaves same size as or smaller than vegetative leaves, sometimes strongly differentiated,
7 KB (687 words) - 22:35, 5 November 2020
sterile florets below a bisexual floret, sterile florets often reduced in size; rachillas sometimes prolonged beyond the base of the distal florets. Glumes
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leaves are usually different in size, shape, and lobing from the distal leaves. Other taxonomic characters include size and habit, corolla color, number
10 KB (560 words) - 20:51, 5 November 2020
Etymology: Greek iso, equal, and tri, 3 probably referring to 3 sepals of equal size and shape Treatment appears in FNA Volume 26. Treatment on page 511. Mentioned
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with 1 glume; lower glumes absent; upper glumes and lower lemmas similar in size and texture, exceeded by the upper florets; upper florets turgid, ellipsoidal;
4 KB (415 words) - 18:31, 28 May 2021
polyoicous; perigonia and perichaetia terminal or lateral; perichaetial leaves same size as vegetative leaves or usually larger, sometimes forming rosette, inner
12 KB (818 words) - 22:34, 5 November 2020
staminate or sterile, varying from similar to the lowest floret in shape, size, and venation to sterile and reduced to an awn column with well-developed
12 KB (632 words) - 18:59, 11 May 2021
base, ligules of the lower and upper cauline leaves sometimes differing in size and vestiture; pseudopetioles absent; blades linear to narrowly lanceolate
13 KB (1,008 words) - 17:22, 11 May 2021
unarmed, with glutinous bands on internodes. Leaves in pairs, ± equal in size in each pair, long petiolate, thick and fleshy, base ± symmetric. Inflorescences
4 KB (360 words) - 22:58, 5 November 2020
fascicles of fleshy roots]; rhizomes homogeneous with branches like primary in size and texture, or heterogeneous, branches cordlike with scalelike leaves, enlarging
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densely hairy, hairs 1.5–2mm. Leaf sheath closed. Pinna divisions reduced in size to tip (except B. biternatum, B. dissectum, and B. oneidense with undivided
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upcurving and closing throat or not, lobes 5, rarely 3, all usually ca. equal size or adaxial slightly longer, mostly triangular to deltate, rarely reduced
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Stems often and irregularly branched. Stem and branch leaves with shape and size similar; margins entire; costa single; medial and distal laminal cells short-rhomboidal
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Copyright: Flora of North America Association Plants extremely variable in size, 5–50 cm, those in leaf mold (only form known in flora) usually small, those
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blade ovate-lanceolate, 2–7 × 0.7–3.2 cm (mean 4.2 × 1.8 cm), decreasing in size toward base of shoot, base acute, apex acute, abaxial surface glaucous, adaxial
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white), clawed; stamens (5–)6, proximal 3 fertile, medial different in form, size from others, distal (2–)3 staminodial; filaments glabrous; antherodes commonly
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shaped, margins usually toothed with 1–15 teeth per side, teeth similar in size and structure to those of blades; blade linear, 1-veined, sometimes armed
6 KB (477 words) - 21:32, 5 November 2020
[trees]. Stems erect; twigs glabrous. Leaves persistent, alternate, (reduced in size proximal to inflorescence); petiole present; blade chartaceous [coriaceous]
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the mouth, without or with an indistinct neck; exothecial cells variable in size and shape, subquadrate to oblong, with thin to thick, straight or flexuose
8 KB (666 words) - 22:25, 5 November 2020
Plants clear green to olive green to dark red-brown to dull black, moderate in size, pulvinate to mat-forming. Stems erect, irregularly branched; rhizoids present;
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Seeds horizontal or vertical, not distinctly dimorphic, sometimes variable in size and color, lenticular; seed coat black or brown, shiny, usually finely reticulate
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page 474, 476, 642. Plants small to medium-sized. Stems pinnate. Stem and branch leaves with shape similar, size often noticeably differentiated; margins
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bracts) opposite or whorled, green or with white margins, similar in shape and size to distal stem leaves, those on branches (dichasial or subcyathial bracts)
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the marginal cells in cross-section undifferentiated or sharply distinct in size and/or shape from those beneath; transition in areolation from sheath to
12 KB (1,107 words) - 22:24, 5 November 2020
without glutinous bands on internodes. Leaves petiolate, pairs unequal in size in each pair; blade thin or thick and slightly fleshy, base symmetric to
10 KB (500 words) - 22:57, 5 November 2020
spreading, triangular, lanceolate to oblanceolate, monomorphic or varying in size according to seasonal growth patterns; juvenile (basal or proximal) leaves
8 KB (770 words) - 21:25, 5 November 2020
basiscopically, each proximal pinna nearly equal to distal part of leaf in size and dissection (except in var. caudata). Segments alternate, numerous. Generated
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rhizoids. Sexual condition dioicous; male and female plants about the same size; perichaetial leaves not differentiated. Seta yellow to red, elongate, erect
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glutinous bands on internodes. Leaves subsessile to long petiolate, unequal in size in each pair; blade thin or thick and slightly fleshy, base ± asymmetric
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subtended by pedicel bract; sepals usually green [magenta], often less than half size of petals; petals sharply reflexed or not, green or brightly colored, 4–15
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serrate, spinulose or not; proximal pinnae reduced (several pairs), same size as or enlarged relative to more distal pinnae, sessile to petiolulate, equilateral
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exhibit a single size class and are found only on the current year's growth, maturation is annual; if the developing fruits exhibit two size classes with small
11 KB (1,303 words) - 22:52, 5 November 2020
leaves, most sporophylls fertile, megasporophylls and microsporophylls same size, auricles absent. Circumboreal and Pacific Islands (Hawaii). Species 2 (1
2 KB (169 words) - 21:25, 5 November 2020
unarmed, without glutinous bands on internodes. Leaves petiolate, unequal in size in each pair; blade ± thick and succulent, base usually asymmetric. Inflorescences
4 KB (263 words) - 22:56, 5 November 2020
spreading, keeled, pellucid when moist, slightly contorted when dry, variable in size and shape, 1–3 mm, proximal leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate; costa ending
3 KB (281 words) - 22:24, 5 November 2020
ascending, or pendent, 5-merous; sepals ascending, distinct, unalike in size; petals erect, connate basally, forming sharply 5-gonal–pyramidal tube, deep
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staminate or sterile, well-developed, often subequal to the sessile spikelets in size, x = 10. Conn., N.J., N.Y., Wash., W.Va., Del., D.C, Wis., Ont., Que., Idaho
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sometimes toothed; cauline usually present, lobed or entire, usually reduced in size and lobing distally. Heads (erect) usually in cymiform, corymbiform, or paniculiform
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length or size Abaxial spine length Abaxial spine orientation Abaxial spine position Abaxial spine pubescence Abaxial spine shape Abaxial spine size Abaxial
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as twigs. Leaflets 5-25, sessile or subsessile, often aromatic, uniform in size or median leaflets largest, (2.5-)4.3-15(-17.5) × 0.8-6.5 cm; surfaces usually
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branch. Leaves larger distally, rosulate, crowded, erect-spreading, reduced in size proximally, oblong-ovate to obovate or spathulate, usually acute or acuminate
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they are relatively invariant in size and form. Size at anthesis varies according to species from 0% to 100% mature size. Lobing, here often expressed as
21 KB (2,479 words) - 16:24, 9 December 2021
blades (1-nerved) ovate, elliptic, oblong, lanceolate, or linear (± uniform in size), margins entire, faces glabrate, scabrous, cottony, or woolly, eglandular
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perigonial leaves often enlarged and distinctly rosulate; perichaetial leaves same size as vegetative leaves, not forming rosette, inner leaves differentiated, more
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articulated. Flowers: sepals persistent, 5, connate at base, equal or unequal in size, margins entire, stipitate-glandular or eglandular, surfaces glabrous or
11 KB (946 words) - 20:15, 5 November 2020
subtending pleiochasia (pleiochasial bracts) whorled, green, similar in shape and size to distal stem leaves or distinctly different, those on branches and subtending
15 KB (661 words) - 20:17, 5 November 2020
more than between 2d and 3d pairs, basal pinna pair approximately equal in size and cutting to adjacent pair, occasionally basal pinnae and/or some distal
3 KB (293 words) - 23:03, 20 February 2024
more than between 2d and 3d pairs, basal pinna pair approximately equal in size and cutting to adjacent pair, ovate-rhombic to spatulate, lobed to tip, margin
3 KB (266 words) - 21:24, 5 November 2020
axillary spikelike panicles; bracts absent or leaflike and gradually reduced in size distally. Flowers: perianth segments 5, distinct nearly to base, lobes elliptic
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ascending, in 6 ranks, 1 on upperside, 4 lateral, and 1 on underside, equal in size, linear, widest in middle; margins entire; apex acuminate, lacking hair tip
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leaves erect, linear; proximal leaf blade 8–40 cm × 3–16 mm, decreasing in size distally, glabrous. Inflorescences corymbose, open. Flowers: tepals reflexed
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proximally, shorter distally; cauline leaves shorter than basal, decreasing in size distally, becoming bracts in inflorescence. Inflorescences initially rounded
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more than between 2d and 3d pairs, basal pinna pair approximately equal in size and cutting to adjacent pair, broadly fan-shaped, undivided to tip, margins
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more than between 2d and 3d pairs, basal pinna pair approximately equal in size and cutting to adjacent pairs, spatulate-ovate to narrowly ovate, divided
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pale green, in 6 ranks, 2 upperside, 2 lateral, and 2 underside, equal in size, linear, 2.4–5.5 × 0.5–1.2 mm; margins entire; apex acuminate, lacking hair
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the upper paleas; upper paleas similar to the upper lemmas in texture and size; lodicules 3, cuneate; anthers 3. Caryopses plano-convex; embryos 1/5–1/2
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follicles, sometimes solitary, 1–5, ovoid, often ± inflated, slightly flattened, size not recorded, splitting along both sutures; hypanthium persistent; sepals
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relatively long, base 1/2 sheathing stems; blade broadly ovate, cauline reduced in size and complexity distally, 15–60 cm, thick to thin, leaflets 9–45, long-petiolulate
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Axillary glomerule size Axillary panicle arrangement Axillary spike arrangement Axillary spike height or length or size Axillary spike size Axillary umbel
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Sexual condition dioicous; perigonia and perichaetia terminal, leaves same size as vegetative leaves or usually larger, not forming rosette, inner leaves
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Treatment on page 14. Mentioned on page 9, 10, 28, 29. Plants small to medium-sized, green, yellowish, or sometimes brownish, acrocarpous. Stems 2-fid by subfloral
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without glutinous bands on internodes. Leaves petiolate, equal or of unequal size in each pair; blade thin or thick and fleshy, base symmetric or nearly so
4 KB (363 words) - 22:56, 5 November 2020
in cross-section with single row of guide cells, adaxial cells similar in size to guide cells, somewhat thickened, abaxial stereid or substereid band well
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ovate-lanceolate, narrowly acuminate to subulate, sometimes flexuose to secund, same size as stem leaves; costae short to long excurrent, hairpoint pellucid, sometimes
4 KB (354 words) - 22:26, 5 November 2020
faces woolly, adaxial usually glabrate (distal leaves gradually reduced in size and lobing). Heads (3–)4–7(–10) or 10–30+ per array. Peduncles mostly 0–2
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at base, of minute, club-shaped hairs distally. Blades highly variable in size and shape, even on 1 plant, narrowly deltate to linear-lanceolate, simple
4 KB (439 words) - 21:21, 5 November 2020
more than between 2d and 3d pairs, basal pinna pair approximately equal in size and cutting to the adjacent pair, mostly linear to linear-spatulate, undivided
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keeled, apex obtuse to acute, spreading. Seed cones maturing in 1 year, of 1 size, generally with straight peduncles, globose to ovoid, 3–6(–7) mm, blue-black
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longibracteata); perigonial leaf apex acute to long-acuminate; perichaetial leaves same size as vegetative leaves or sometimes strongly differentiated, lanceolate to
12 KB (577 words) - 22:35, 5 November 2020
densely abaxially, sometimes glabrate adaxially; distal leaves reduced in size and lobing). Heads borne singly or (2–5+) in corymbiform arrays. Peduncles
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height or length or size Basal scale length or size Basal scale pubescence Basal scale quantity Basal scale shape Basal scale size or width Basal scale
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220–300 µm high, divided to 0.3–0.5, the teeth 50–64, slender, of uniform size, or short triangular, the alternate teeth smaller. Spores 16–18 µm. Generated
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inflorescence; involucel bracteoles of 1–3 pairs [or absent], similar in size and texture. Pedicels erect. Flowers bisexual, occasionally unisexual and
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(proximal) or linear to narrowly oblong or elliptic-lanceolate, mostly even in size and shape (stiff), margins entire, faces hispidulous to puberulent or glabrous
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Sexual condition dioicous; perigonia and perichaetia terminal, leaves same size as vegetative leaves or usually larger, not forming rosette, inner leaves
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perianth and androecium epigynous, 15–50 mm diam.; hypanthium campanulate, size not recorded, glabrous or tomentose; sepals 5, reflexed to wide spreading
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stellate-canescent. Leaves cauline, evenly arrayed on stem, usually similar in size, shape; stipules linear-lanceolate to ovate, 2–9 × 1–3 mm, widest above base
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not articulated. Flowers: sepals persistent, 4, connate at base, equal in size, margins entire, not glandular; petals 4, distinct, attached at rim of filament
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fragility or size Caudex height or length or size Caudex length or size Caudex location Caudex orientation Caudex quantity Caudex shape Caudex size Caudex some
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more than between 2d and 3d pairs, basal pinna pair approximately equal in size and cutting to adjacent pair, obliquely narrowly cuneate, undivided to tip
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greater than between 2d and 3d pairs, basal pinna pair approximately equal in size and cutting to adjacent pair, fan-shaped to narrowly spatulate, often asymmetric
3 KB (256 words) - 21:25, 5 November 2020
florets sterile or staminate; lower lemmas similar to the upper glumes in size and texture; upper florets bisexual; upper lemmas indurate, rugose, unawned
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leaves: sheaths persistent; blades cross veined, medium to large for the size of the culm, without marginal necrosis in winter, their arrangement random
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glandular; base not tapered; apex with elongate terminal pinna similar in size to subtending lateral pinnae, not rooting. Rachis green throughout, dull
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densely hairy, hairs 1.5–2mm. Leaf sheath open. Pinna divisions reduced in size to tip. First pinnule on basal pinnae usually borne acroscopically. Sporophores
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hairs to 0.1 mm; blade markedly discolorous, highly variable in form and size, often narrowly oblong or linear, usually 1.5+ cm, coriaceous, base sometimes
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