523–531. Stone, I. G. 1997. A revision of Erpodiaceae with particular reference to Australian taxa. J. Bryol. 19: 485–502. Vital, D. M. 1980. Erpodiaceae
5 KB (485 words) - 22:27, 5 November 2020
Borre, A.. 1994. A taxonomy of the Chloridoideae (Poaceae), with special reference to the genus Eragrostis. Ph.D. dissertation, Australian National University
30 KB (859 words) - 18:58, 11 May 2021
and N. T. Luebke. 1989. The species concept in Pteridophyta with special reference to Isoëtes. Amer. Fern J. 79: 78--89. Kott, L. S. and D. M. Britton. 1983
13 KB (992 words) - 21:21, 5 November 2020
1969. Adaptation and evolution in Dicentra (Fumariaceae), with special reference to seed, fruit, and dispersal mechanism. Nytt Mag. Bot. 16(1): 49-75. Fahselt
8 KB (660 words) - 22:47, 5 November 2020
Stone. 1982. Nature of the sporoderm in monocotyledons, with special reference to the pollen grains of Canna and Heliconia. Grana 21: 129--148. Kress
6 KB (713 words) - 21:32, 5 November 2020
1984. A taxonomic study of the athyrioid fern genus Deparia with main reference to the Pacific species. J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 13: 375--430
4 KB (316 words) - 21:22, 5 November 2020
Borgen, L. 1987. Lobularia (Cruciferae). A biosystematic study with special reference to the Macaronesian region. Opera Bot. 91: 1–96. Lobularia maritima window
3 KB (239 words) - 23:37, 5 November 2020
of the subfamily Celtoideae. Species are locally called nettletrees in reference to their superficial resemblance to members of the Urticaceae. Further
4 KB (393 words) - 22:51, 5 November 2020
what Rafinesque meant by a tuberculate keel petal (although it may be a reference to the lateral folds often found on the keel). Most members of the traditional
3 KB (291 words) - 11:32, 9 May 2022
Pseudophyllanthus compared with Savia s.l. (Euphorbiaceae) with special reference to floral morphology. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 116: 321–331. Phyllanthopsis arida
4 KB (309 words) - 20:15, 5 November 2020
the epithet linifolia should be translated as “flax-leaved.” SELECTED REFERENCE Martín-Bravo, S. et al. 2009. Is Oligomeris (Resedaceae) indigenous to
4 KB (423 words) - 23:32, 5 November 2020
conservation efforts. As a continent-wide effort, it provides a nomenclatural reference on which research and economic development of plants can be based. Flora
3 KB (453 words) - 16:34, 31 March 2022
Variation in gross morphology of M. bifolium and M. canadense with special reference to their taxonomic status. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 84: 349–361. La Kawano
8 KB (750 words) - 22:14, 5 November 2020
2008. Molecular phylogeny of the genus Pieris (Ericaceae) with special reference to phylogenetic relationships of insular plants on the Ryukyu Islands.
4 KB (361 words) - 23:47, 5 November 2020
biogeographic review of Raillardiopsis [Raillardella] muirii, with special reference to a disjunct California Coast Range population. Madroño 37: 43–54. Carlquistia
4 KB (427 words) - 21:14, 5 November 2020
(growing on cliffs) species in sect. Setosae, terms such as decumbent are in reference to the vertical rock face. The inflorescence is composed of the branched
12 KB (1,143 words) - 23:56, 5 November 2020
1976). Evans, W. E. 1927. A revision of the genus Diapensia with special reference to the Sino-Himalayan species. Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 15: 209–236
3 KB (287 words) - 23:45, 5 November 2020
flora). The recent revision by N. Nishimura (1985) provides a standard reference for this large genus of difficult to distinguish species. At the genus
5 KB (452 words) - 22:38, 5 November 2020
Section Anemonanthea of Anemone in Eastern North America, with Special Reference to the Southern Appalachian Mountains. M.S. thesis. University of Tennessee
16 KB (1,220 words) - 20:37, 6 November 2020
Flora of North America (FNA) presents for the first time, in one published reference source, information on the names, taxonomic relationships, continent-wide
3 KB (262 words) - 19:55, 22 January 2024
L.P.M. 1982. A discussion of the Ehrharteae (Gramineae) with special reference to the Malesian taxa formerly included in Microlaena. Blumea 28:181-194
4 KB (414 words) - 17:22, 11 May 2021
or bent in its development by 180°. Pedicellate ovary, usually used in reference to length, refers to the combined pedicel and ovary. Flowers are not always
37 KB (2,535 words) - 22:11, 5 November 2020
A systematic circumscription of Carex mitchelliana (Cyperaceae) with reference to taxonomic status. Amer. J. Bot. 76: 124–132. None. window.propertie
4 KB (375 words) - 21:42, 5 November 2020
85–103. Rosendahl, C. O. 1947. Studies in Chrysosplenium with special reference to the taxonomic status and distribution of C. iowense. Rhodora 40: 25–36
8 KB (797 words) - 23:41, 5 November 2020
as C. microcarpa. However, the description by Michaux, even without a reference to fruit color, cannot apply to C. drummondii, because the locality is
4 KB (395 words) - 20:15, 5 November 2020
Borre, A. 1994. A taxonomy of the Chloridoideae (Poaceae), with special reference to the genus Eragrostis. Ph.D. dissertation, Australian National University
16 KB (728 words) - 16:26, 24 May 2023
Jones 5781, BM) and on inclusion of the genus in the Utah flora without reference to a collection (I. Tidestrom 1925). Didiplis is not confirmed as a past
3 KB (266 words) - 11:32, 9 May 2022
and C. Frankton. 1962. Taxonomy of the genus Cardaria with particular reference to the species introduced into North America. Canad. J. Bot. 40: 1411–1425
23 KB (1,130 words) - 23:37, 5 November 2020
1983. Taxonomy and distribution of Echinochloa species with a special reference to their occurrence as weeds of rice. Pp. 291-306 in International Rice
15 KB (1,345 words) - 18:55, 11 May 2021
species rank (as E. subalpinum). In the following key and descriptions, reference is made to “glabrous” leaf surfaces. This is a function of both age and
23 KB (1,099 words) - 19:19, 9 January 2024
evidence some geographic separation, but they may prove to be artificial reference points within a more or less continuous variation (Sanders et al. 1979)
7 KB (723 words) - 17:23, 11 May 2021
(Desfontaines) K. Koch from Quebec (J. Cayouette et al. 1983). Without reference specimens it is often difficult to name adventives, given the lack of North
25 KB (1,654 words) - 23:59, 5 November 2020
Mimulus aurantiacus var. pubescens (Torrey) D. M. Thompson. He did not reference the study of sect. Diplacus by M. C. Tulig (2000), but results from the
5 KB (474 words) - 20:30, 5 November 2020
1978. On the discrimination of species in hybrid swarms with special reference to Ulmus and the nomenclature of U. minor Mill. and U. carpinifolia Gled
4 KB (484 words) - 22:51, 5 November 2020
camschatcensis) as a synonym but did not adopt that epithet. Actually, his synonymic reference was based on a misidentification, even though he stated that an illustration
5 KB (442 words) - 22:14, 5 November 2020
descriptions and, in some cases, are illustrated. Authoritative general reference works used for style are The Chicago Manual of Style for Authors, Editors
7 KB (1,114 words) - 17:55, 26 July 2019
a superfluous name. But the publication of that name included a clear reference to Torrey’s 1832 publication, which means that the name was not a nomen
7 KB (761 words) - 23:00, 5 November 2020
wall ultrastructure in New World Senecioneae (Asteraceae), with special reference to Packera. Canad. J. Bot. 75: 730–735. Barkley, T. M. 1962. A revision
36 KB (999 words) - 20:59, 5 November 2020
April that year, he used it as an accepted name and “validated” it by reference to his earlier diagnosis. None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"genus"
3 KB (275 words) - 21:02, 5 November 2020
S98(suppl): 423--426. Weimarck, H. 1946. Studies in the Juncaceae. With special reference to the species in Ethiopia and the Cape. Svensk. Bot. Tidskr. 40: 141--178
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nonsporophyte tissue have been converted to the 2n form. A literature reference for each reported chromosome number is available in the Flora of North
10 KB (1,562 words) - 17:55, 26 July 2019
Mimulus floribundus subsp. moorei Iltis appears in various checklists in reference to the Arkansas plants, but there appears to be no basis for treating them
6 KB (598 words) - 20:29, 5 November 2020
from the United States often have been called var. septemfida, named in reference to having seven (as opposed to five) leaf lobes or segments. However, leaf
4 KB (472 words) - 20:17, 5 November 2020
Allen 1986), with disploidy to 4 from x = 5. G. L. Nesom (1994b) provided reference to chromosome counts in the genus, and J. C. Semple (1995) reviewed cytologic
57 KB (1,333 words) - 20:35, 6 November 2020
Al-Shehbaz. 1986. Weeds of south-west Asia in North America with special reference to the Cruciferae. Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh, B 89: 289–299. German, D
95 KB (3,708 words) - 23:32, 5 November 2020
and P. M. Catling. 1992. Hybridization in the genus Carex with special reference to North America. Bot. Rev. (Lancaster) 58: 351–438. Chater, A. O. 1980
82 KB (3,643 words) - 21:20, 17 July 2023
between Lilium superbum and larger specimens of L. pyrophilum may require reference to several characters. The shorter, blunter, more ascending leaves of L
6 KB (713 words) - 22:14, 5 November 2020
contribution of L. canadense to their genome. J. K. Small (1933) made reference to depredations by lily enthusiasts who sought Gray’s lily because of its
6 KB (736 words) - 22:14, 5 November 2020
conservation concern in both states. The epithet basaltica was chosen as a reference to the Black Rock Desert, not habitat. None. None. window.propertiesFr
4 KB (463 words) - 23:55, 5 November 2020
published in 1879; the name was first and validly published in 1878, with a reference to Rothrock’s description of a misapplied Linnaean name (D. nemorosa),
4 KB (465 words) - 23:33, 5 November 2020
industrial, and recreational practices that have been developed since then. A reference for foreign species of continental scope is the National List of Scientific
18 KB (2,716 words) - 22:53, 13 February 2019
(Lancaster) 9: 325--393. Daubenmire, R. 1978. Plant Geography, with Special Reference to North America. New York. Davidse, G., D. E. Boufford, S. A. Spongberg
167 KB (27,143 words) - 18:24, 1 February 2019
LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyOnagraceae subfamilyOnagraceae subfam. Onagroideae Show Lower Taxa Onagraceae tribe Circaeeae, Onagraceae tribe Epilobieae
3 KB (284 words) - 11:31, 9 May 2022
LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyRosaceae subfamilyRosaceae subfam. Amygdaloideae tribeRosaceae tribe Gillenieae Show Lower Taxa Amelanchier, Aronia, Chaenomeles
2 KB (180 words) - 23:58, 5 November 2020
LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyRosaceae subfamilyRosaceae subfam. Rosoideae Show Lower Taxa Rosaceae tribe Agrimonieae, Rosaceae tribe Colurieae, Rosaceae
3 KB (313 words) - 23:55, 5 November 2020
LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyRosaceae subfamilyRosaceae subfam. Amygdaloideae Show Lower Taxa Rosaceae tribe Amygdaleae, Rosaceae tribe Exochordeae, Rosaceae
5 KB (612 words) - 23:57, 5 November 2020
LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyOnagraceae subfamilyOnagraceae subfam. Onagroideae tribeOnagraceae tribe Onagreae Show Lower Taxa Camissonia, Camissoniopsis
3 KB (390 words) - 11:32, 9 May 2022
LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyOrchidaceae subfamilyOrchidaceae subfam. Orchidoideae Show Lower Taxa Orchidaceae tribe Cranichideae, Orchidaceae tribe Orchideae
972 bytes (56 words) - 22:13, 5 November 2020
LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyOrchidaceae subfamilyOrchidaceae subfam. Epidendroideae Show Lower Taxa Orchidaceae tribe Arethuseae, Orchidaceae tribe Calypsoeae
1 KB (116 words) - 22:13, 5 November 2020
LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyRosaceae subfamilyRosaceae subfam. Rosoideae tribeRosaceae tribe Potentilleae Show Lower Taxa Alchemilla, Aphanes, Chamaerhodos
8 KB (391 words) - 23:54, 5 November 2020
plentiful in the Cretaceous (W. Krutzsch 1989; B. E. Pfeil et al. 2002 and references therein). The hairy seed coat of cotton [Gossypium (Malvoideae)] is the
8 KB (848 words) - 17:34, 9 December 2022
LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyPoaceae subfamilyPoaceae subfam. Pooideae Show Lower Taxa Poaceae tribe Brachyelytreae, Poaceae tribe Brachypodieae, Poaceae
10 KB (674 words) - 17:24, 11 May 2021
LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyRanunculaceae genusRanunculus subgenusRanunculus subg. Ranunculus Show Lower Taxa Ranunculus sect. Echinella, Ranunculus
1 KB (71 words) - 22:51, 5 November 2020
LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyPlantaginaceae genusPenstemon subgenusPenstemon subg. Penstemon Show Lower Taxa Penstemon sect. Ambigui, Penstemon sect.
11 KB (337 words) - 20:22, 8 December 2021
LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyJuncaceae Show Lower Taxa Juncus, Luzula A. L. Jussieu Ralph E. Brooks, Steven E. Clemants Common names: Rush Family Treatment
3 KB (223 words) - 21:30, 5 November 2020
LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyBrassicaceae tribeBrassicaceae tribe Physarieae Show Lower Taxa Dimorphocarpa, Dithyrea, Lyrocarpa, Nerisyrenia, Paysonia
2 KB (204 words) - 23:37, 5 November 2020
LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyPottiaceae subfamilyPottiaceae subfam. Pottioideae Show Lower Taxa Acaulon, Aloina, Chenia, Crossidium, Crumia, Globulinella
2 KB (162 words) - 22:28, 5 November 2020
LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familySphagnaceae Show Lower Taxa Sphagnum Dumortier Cyrus B. McQueen†, Richard E. Andrus Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment
2 KB (241 words) - 22:26, 5 November 2020
LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyBrassicaceae tribeBrassicaceae tribe Arabideae Show Lower Taxa Arabis, Athysanus, Aubrieta, Draba de Candolle Mém. Mus. Hist
2 KB (193 words) - 23:32, 5 November 2020
LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyBrassicaceae tribeBrassicaceae tribe Thelypodieae Show Lower Taxa Caulanthus, Chlorocrambe, Coelophragmus, Dryopetalon, Hesperidanthus
2 KB (232 words) - 23:30, 5 November 2020
LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyRanunculaceae genusDelphinium sectionDelphinium sect. Diedropetala Show Lower Taxa Delphinium subsect. Bicoloria, Delphinium
2 KB (176 words) - 22:51, 5 November 2020
LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyPoaceae subfamilyPoaceae subfam. Panicoideae Show Lower Taxa Poaceae tribe Andropogoneae, Poaceae tribe Gynerieae, Poaceae
10 KB (1,081 words) - 18:55, 11 May 2021
LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyAsteraceae tribeAsteraceae tribe Astereae genusSolidago sectionSolidago sect. Solidago Show Lower Taxa Solidago subsect.
2 KB (240 words) - 21:01, 5 November 2020
LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyPolygonaceae subfamilyPolygonaceae subfam. Eriogonoideae Show Lower Taxa Acanthoscyphus, Aristocapsa, Centrostegia, Chorizanthe
12 KB (732 words) - 23:11, 5 November 2020
LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyOrchidaceae subfamilyOrchidaceae subfam. Orchidoideae tribeOrchidaceae tribe Cranichideae Show Lower Taxa Orchidaceae (tribe
1 KB (101 words) - 22:13, 5 November 2020
LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyOrchidaceae subfamilyOrchidaceae subfam. Orchidoideae tribeOrchidaceae tribe Orchideae Show Lower Taxa Orchidaceae (tribe
1 KB (74 words) - 22:13, 5 November 2020
LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyBrassicaceae tribeBrassicaceae tribe Boechereae Show Lower Taxa Anelsonia, Boechera, Cusickiella, Nevada, Phoenicaulis, Polyctenium
2 KB (201 words) - 23:34, 5 November 2020
LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyOnagraceae Show Lower Taxa Onagraceae subfam. Ludwigioideae, Onagraceae subfam. Onagroideae Jussieu Warren L. Wagner, Peter
12 KB (806 words) - 17:42, 2 December 2022
LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyPottiaceae subfamilyPottiaceae subfam. Barbuloideae Show Lower Taxa Anoectangium, Barbula, Bellibarbula, Bryoerythrophyllum
2 KB (223 words) - 22:28, 5 November 2020
LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyEricaceae subfamilyEricaceae subfam. Arbutoideae Show Lower Taxa Arbutus, Arctostaphylos, Arctous, Comarostaphylis, Ornithostaphylos
3 KB (265 words) - 23:41, 5 November 2020
LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyOrobanchaceae Show Lower Taxa Agalinis, Aureolaria, Bartsia, Bellardia, Boschniakia, Brachystigma, Buchnera, Castilleja,
13 KB (840 words) - 20:36, 5 November 2020
LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyJuncaceae genusJuncus Show Lower Taxa Juncus subg. Alpini, Juncus subg. Ensifolii, Juncus subg. Genuini, Juncus subg. Graminifolii
4 KB (265 words) - 21:31, 5 November 2020
LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyOrchidaceae subfamilyOrchidaceae subfam. Orchidoideae tribeOrchidaceae tribe Orchideae subtribeOrchidaceae (tribe Orchideae)
1 KB (80 words) - 22:13, 5 November 2020
LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyPolygonaceae subfamilyPolygonaceae subfam. Eriogonoideae genusEriogonum Show Lower Taxa Eriogonum flavum, Eriogonum subg
13 KB (1,373 words) - 21:23, 9 February 2021
LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyPoaceae subfamilyPoaceae subfam. Chloridoideae Show Lower Taxa Poaceae tribe Cynodonteae, Poaceae tribe Orcuttieae, Poaceae
11 KB (1,291 words) - 18:58, 11 May 2021
LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyPoaceae subfamilyPoaceae subfam. Panicoideae tribePoaceae tribe Paniceae Show Lower Taxa Alloteropsis, Amphicarpum, Anthenantia
17 KB (785 words) - 18:55, 11 May 2021
LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyCaryophyllaceae subfamilyCaryophyllaceae subfam. Alsinoideae Show Lower Taxa Arenaria, Cerastium, Eremogone, Geocarpon, Holosteum
6 KB (634 words) - 23:15, 5 November 2020
LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familySalicaceae Show Lower Taxa Flacourtia, Populus, Salix, Xylosma Mirbel George W. Argus, James E. Eckenwalder, Robert W. Kiger
9 KB (932 words) - 23:29, 5 November 2020
LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyPlantaginaceae genusPenstemon Show Lower Taxa Penstemon subg. Dasanthera, Penstemon subg. Penstemon Schmidel Icon. Pl. ed
14 KB (1,771 words) - 19:59, 8 December 2021
LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyBrassicaceae tribeBrassicaceae tribe Cardamineae Show Lower Taxa Armoracia, Barbarea, Cardamine, Iodanthus, Leavenworthia
2 KB (206 words) - 23:35, 5 November 2020
usually arise from a low, basal membrane and often have a prostome. Selected references Churchill, S. P. 1981. A phylogenetic analysis, classification and synopsis
8 KB (825 words) - 22:25, 5 November 2020
LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyCactaceae subfamilyCactaceae subfam. Cactoideae Show Lower Taxa Acanthocereus, Ancistrocactus, Ariocarpus, Astrophytum, Bergerocactus
5 KB (662 words) - 22:57, 5 November 2020
LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyRosaceae Show Lower Taxa Rosaceae subfam. Amygdaloideae, Rosaceae subfam. Dryadoideae, Rosaceae subfam. Rosoideae Jussieu
20 KB (1,710 words) - 23:55, 5 November 2020
LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyChenopodiaceae genusAtriplex subgenusAtriplex subg. Obione Show Lower Taxa Atriplex sect. Covilleiae, Atriplex sect. Endolepis
2 KB (185 words) - 23:10, 5 March 2024
LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyCyperaceae Show Lower Taxa Abildgaardia, Amphiscirpus, Blysmopsis, Bolboschoenus, Bulbostylis, Carex, Cladium, Cymophyllus
20 KB (923 words) - 21:37, 5 November 2020
LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyRosaceae subfamilyRosaceae subfam. Rosoideae tribeRosaceae tribe Roseae Show Lower Taxa Rosa Lamarck & de Candolle Syn. Pl
2 KB (171 words) - 23:54, 5 November 2020
LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyChenopodiaceae Show Lower Taxa Allenrolfea, Aphanisma, Arthrocnemum, Atriplex, Axyris, Bassia, Beta, Chenopodium, Corispermum
14 KB (879 words) - 22:58, 5 November 2020
LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyPoaceae subfamilyPoaceae subfam. Aristidoideae tribePoaceae tribe Aristideae Show Lower Taxa Aristida C.E. Hubb. Kelly W
1 KB (100 words) - 18:59, 11 May 2021
LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyRanunculaceae genusDelphinium Show Lower Taxa Delphinium sect. Diedropetala, Delphinium sect. Elatopsis Linnaeus Sp. Pl.
5 KB (569 words) - 22:49, 5 November 2020
LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyPhrymaceae Show Lower Taxa Diplacus, Erythranthe, Glossostigma, Mimetanthe, Mimulus, Phryma Schauer Richard K. Rabeler, Craig
7 KB (628 words) - 20:27, 5 November 2020