View source for Symphyotrichum puniceum

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Symphyotrichum puniceum
|accepted_authority=(Linnaeus) Á. Löve & D. Löve
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Taxon
|place=31: 359. 1982
|year=1982
}}
|common_names=Purplestem or swamp or red-stemmed aster;aster ponceau
|basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Basionym
|name=Aster puniceus
|authority=Linnaeus
|publication_title=Sp. Pl.
|publication_place=2: 875. 1753
}}
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Asteraceae;Asteraceae tribe Astereae;Symphyotrichum;Symphyotrichum subg. Symphyotrichum;Symphyotrichum sect. Symphyotrichum;Symphyotrichum puniceum
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Asteraceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Asteraceae tribe Astereae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Symphyotrichum]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subgenus</small>[[Symphyotrichum subg. Symphyotrichum]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>section</small>[[Symphyotrichum sect. Symphyotrichum]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Symphyotrichum puniceum]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 20
|mention_page=page 472, 476, 501, 502, 521, 525, 526
|treatment_page=page 524
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Perennials </b>(7–)100–250(–300) cm, cespitose; thickly short-rhizomatous or with stout, branched caudices, sometimes long-rhizomatous. <b>Stems</b> 1–5+, erect (straight to distally flexuous, stout 5–11 mm diam., usually reddish purple), usually densely to sparsely hirsute or hispid, glabrescent, often proximally glabrate, sometimes glabrate. <b>Leaves</b> (dark green, not crowded) thin, margins remotely serrate to sometimes entire, scabrous, apices acute or acuminate to subcaudate, mucronate, abaxial faces glabrate, ± densely pilose along midveins, adaxial glabrate to scabrous; basal withering by flowering, subpetiolate to petiolate (petioles ± winged, bases dilated, sheathing), blades spatulate to oblanceolate or lanceolate, 30–10+ × 3–20+ mm, bases attenuate to cuneate, margins remotely crenate-serrate to denticulate or entire, apices acute or acuminate to rounded; proximal cauline withering by flowering, petiolate to subpetiolate (petioles widely winged, bases auriculate, clasping), blades lanceolate or oblanceolate to oblong, elliptic or elliptic-oblong, (55–)70–200(–220) × 10–40 mm, usually progressively lengthened to mid, bases ± attenuate to cuneate or auriculate and clasping; distal sessile, blades oblanceolate or lanceolate to oblong or elliptic-oblong (sometimes nearly panduriform), 8–160 × 1–40 mm, progressively reduced distally, strongly so and linear in arrays, bases ± strongly auriculate, clasping, margins subentire or entire. <b>Heads</b> in open, paniculiform (often corymbiform-looking) arrays, branches widely spreading to ascending, sparsely to moderately leafy with ± large leaves. <b>Peduncles</b> 0.2–3+ cm, ± hispid or hirsute to villous, bracts 0–3, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate to linear, distal often subtending heads. <b>Involucres</b> campanulate, (6–)8–12(–15) mm. <b>Phyllaries</b> in 4–6 series, oblanceolate-spatulate to linear, subequal, bases indurate 1/5–1/2, margins not scarious (outer) to narrowly scarious, erose, hyaline, sparsely ciliolate, green zones linear-lanceolate, outer sometimes ± foliaceous, to linear (inner), apices ± spreading at tip when foliaceous, long-acuminate to caudate, mucronate to apiculate, sometimes purplish tinged, faces glabrous or ± hispid. <b>Ray</b> florets 20–50(–60); corollas usually pale to dark blue, lavender or purple, seldom white or pink, laminae (7–)12–18(–21) × (0.9–)1.4–1.8 mm. <b>Disc</b> florets 30–50 (–90); corollas yellow or cream becoming pink or purple, (4.1–)5–6.5 mm, tubes shorter than cylindro-funnelform limbs, lobes triangular, 0.4–1.1 mm. <b>Cypselae</b> purple or brown (nerves stramineous), oblanceoloid, ± falcate, compressed, (2–)2.5–3.5(–4) mm, 3–4-nerved (nerves prominent), faces glabrous or sparsely strigillose; pappi white, 3.8–6 mm.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=e North America.
|discussion=<p>Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p><i>Symphyotrichum puniceum</i> is one of the widest ranging species in the genus, growing from the edges of the prairies to the Atlantic coast, and from the Gulf coast of Texas to southern Ungava Bay (northern Quebec).</p><!--
--><p>Several taxa have been recognized within this variable species. Here, we segregate <i>Symphyotrichum firmum</i> as a distinct entity. The tall, pink-rayed <i>S. elliottii</i> of the outer coastal plains is also distinctive, despite reports of hybrids with <i>S. puniceum </i>var.<i> puniceum</i> where their ranges overlap (see G. L. Nesom 1997b). A recently described member of the complex, <i>S. rhiannon</i>, is an ultramafic endemic from North Carolina. Here, within <i>S. puniceum</i>, we recognize two varieties, the variable and widespread <i></i></i>var.<i><i> puniceum</i>, and <i></i></i>var.<i><i> scabricaule</i> from the inner Gulf coastal plains, following Nesom, who also offered a useful summary of the infraspecific taxonomy of the species.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=nesom1997b
|text=Nesom, G. L. 1997b. The status of Aster scabricaulis (Asteraceae: Astereae), an endemic of the Gulf coastal plain. Phytologia 82: 300–315.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Stems sparsely to ± densely hirsute, glabrescent, sometimes glabrate proximally; abaxial leaf faces paler than adaxial, with a dark, distinct reticulum, adaxial without impressed main veins; array leaves usually equal to mid cauline
|[[Symphyotrichum puniceum var. puniceum|Symphyotrichum puniceum var. puniceum]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Stems densely and uniformly hirsute; abaxial and adaxial leaf faces ±concolorous, without dark, distinct reticulum, adaxial with distinctly impressed main veins; array leaves reduced in size relative to mid cauline
|[[Symphyotrichum puniceum var. scabricaule|Symphyotrichum puniceum var. scabricaule]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Symphyotrichum puniceum
|author=
|authority=(Linnaeus) Á. Löve & D. Löve
|rank=species
|parent rank=section
|synonyms=
|basionyms=Aster puniceus
|family=Asteraceae
|distribution=e North America.
|reference=nesom1997b
|publication title=Taxon
|publication year=1982
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f6b125a955440c0872999024f038d74684f65921/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V19-20-21/V20_1166.xml
|tribe=Asteraceae tribe Astereae
|genus=Symphyotrichum
|subgenus=Symphyotrichum subg. Symphyotrichum
|section=Symphyotrichum sect. Symphyotrichum
|species=Symphyotrichum puniceum
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Symphyotrichum sect. Symphyotrichum]]