Difference between revisions of "Tsuga heterophylla"
Silva 12: 73, plate 605. 1898.
Common names: Western hemlock pruche de l'ouest
Endemic
Basionym: Abies heterophylla Rafinesque Atlantic J. 1: 119. 1832
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 2.
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|common_names=Western hemlock;pruche de l'ouest | |common_names=Western hemlock;pruche de l'ouest | ||
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| + | |code=E | ||
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| + | |basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Basionym | ||
|name=Abies heterophylla | |name=Abies heterophylla | ||
|authority=Rafinesque | |authority=Rafinesque | ||
| + | |rank=species | ||
| + | |publication_title=Atlantic J. | ||
| + | |publication_place=1: 119. 1832 | ||
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| − | --><span class="statement" id="st- | + | --><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Trees </b>to 50m; trunk to 2m diam.; crown narrowly conic. <b>Bark</b> gray-brown, scaly and moderately fissured. <b>Twigs</b> yellow-brown, finely pubescent. <b>Buds</b> ovoid, gray-brown, 2.5–3.5mm. <b>Leaves</b> (5–)10–20(–30)mm, mostly appearing 2-ranked, flattened; abaxial surface glaucous with 2 broad, conspicuous stomatal bands, adaxial surface shiny green (yellow-green); margins minutely dentate. <b>Seed</b> cones ovoid, (1–)1.5–2.5(–3) × 1–2.5cm; scales ovate, 8–15 × 6–10mm, apex round to pointed. <b>2n</b> =24.</span><!-- |
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|elevation=0–1500m | |elevation=0–1500m | ||
|distribution=Alta.;B.C.;Alaska;Calif.;Idaho;Mont.;Oreg.;Wash. | |distribution=Alta.;B.C.;Alaska;Calif.;Idaho;Mont.;Oreg.;Wash. | ||
| − | |discussion=<p>Tsuga heterophylla is a dominant species over much of its broad distributional range. It has become the most important timber hemlock in North America. The wood is superior to that of other hemlocks for building purposes and it makes excellent pulp for paper production.</p><!-- | + | |discussion=<p><i>Tsuga heterophylla</i> is a dominant species over much of its broad distributional range. It has become the most important timber hemlock in North America. The wood is superior to that of other hemlocks for building purposes and it makes excellent pulp for paper production.</p><!-- |
| − | --><p>Tsuga × jeffreyi (Henry) Henry was described from southwestern British Columbia and western Washington as a hybrid between T. heterophylla and T. mertensiana. Hybridization is rare, if it occurs at all, and it is therefore of little consequence (R.J. Taylor 1972). At the upper elevational limits of its distribution and under stressful conditions, T. heterophylla tends to resemble T. mertensiana, e.g., leaves are less strictly 2-ranked and stomatal bands on the abaxial leaf surfaces are less conspicuous than at lower elevations.</p><!-- | + | --><p><i>Tsuga</i> × jeffreyi (Henry) Henry was described from southwestern British Columbia and western Washington as a hybrid between <i>T. heterophylla</i> and <i>T. mertensiana</i>. Hybridization is rare, if it occurs at all, and it is therefore of little consequence (R.J. Taylor 1972). At the upper elevational limits of its distribution and under stressful conditions, <i>T. heterophylla</i> tends to resemble <i>T. mertensiana</i>, e.g., leaves are less strictly 2-ranked and stomatal bands on the abaxial leaf surfaces are less conspicuous than at lower elevations.</p><!-- |
| − | --><p>Western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) is the state tree of Washington.</p> | + | --><p>Western hemlock (<i>Tsuga heterophylla</i>) is the state tree of Washington.</p> |
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name=Tsuga heterophylla | name=Tsuga heterophylla | ||
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|publication year=1898 | |publication year=1898 | ||
| − | |special status= | + | |special status=Endemic |
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|genus=Tsuga | |genus=Tsuga | ||
|species=Tsuga heterophylla | |species=Tsuga heterophylla | ||
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Latest revision as of 21:23, 5 November 2020
Trees to 50m; trunk to 2m diam.; crown narrowly conic. Bark gray-brown, scaly and moderately fissured. Twigs yellow-brown, finely pubescent. Buds ovoid, gray-brown, 2.5–3.5mm. Leaves (5–)10–20(–30)mm, mostly appearing 2-ranked, flattened; abaxial surface glaucous with 2 broad, conspicuous stomatal bands, adaxial surface shiny green (yellow-green); margins minutely dentate. Seed cones ovoid, (1–)1.5–2.5(–3) × 1–2.5cm; scales ovate, 8–15 × 6–10mm, apex round to pointed. 2n =24.
Habitat: Coastal to midmontane forests
Elevation: 0–1500m
Distribution
Alta., B.C., Alaska, Calif., Idaho, Mont., Oreg., Wash.
Discussion
Tsuga heterophylla is a dominant species over much of its broad distributional range. It has become the most important timber hemlock in North America. The wood is superior to that of other hemlocks for building purposes and it makes excellent pulp for paper production.
Tsuga × jeffreyi (Henry) Henry was described from southwestern British Columbia and western Washington as a hybrid between T. heterophylla and T. mertensiana. Hybridization is rare, if it occurs at all, and it is therefore of little consequence (R.J. Taylor 1972). At the upper elevational limits of its distribution and under stressful conditions, T. heterophylla tends to resemble T. mertensiana, e.g., leaves are less strictly 2-ranked and stomatal bands on the abaxial leaf surfaces are less conspicuous than at lower elevations.
Western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) is the state tree of Washington.
Selected References
None.
Lower Taxa
None.