View source for Betula pumila

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Betula pumila
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Mant. Pl.,
|place=124. 1767
|year=1767
}}
|common_names=Bog birch;dwarf birch;bouleau nain
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=E
|label=Endemic
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Betula borealis
|authority=Spach
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Betula glandulifera
|authority=(Regel) B. T. Butler
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Betula glandulosa var. glandulifera
|authority=(Regel) Gleason
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Betula glandulosa var. hallii
|authority=(Howell) C. L. Hitchcock
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Betula hallii
|authority=Linnaeus
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Betula nana var. glandulifera
|authority=(Regel) B. Boivin
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Betula pubescens subsp. borealis
|authority=(Spach) A. Löve & D. Löve
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Betula pumila var. glabra
|authority=Regel
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Betula pumila var. glandulifera
|authority=Regel
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Betula pumila var. renifolia
|authority=Fernald
}}
|hierarchy=Betulaceae;Betulaceae subfam. Betuloideae;Betula;Betula pumila
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Betulaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Betulaceae subfam. Betuloideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Betula]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Betula pumila]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 3
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Shrubs,</b> coarse, irregular, or spreading, to 4 m. <b>Bark</b> dark reddish brown, smooth, close; lenticels pale, inconspicuous. <b>Twigs</b> without taste and odor of wintergreen, glabrous to moderately pubescent, with scattered small resinous glands, especially near nodes. <b>Leaf</b> blade elliptic, obovate, or nearly orbiculate (to sometimes reniform) with 2–6 pairs of lateral veins, 2.5–5(–7) × 1–5 cm, base cuneate to rounded, margins crenate to dentate, apex usually broadly acute or obtuse to rounded; surfaces abaxially glabrous or slightly pubescent to heavily velutinous or tomentose, often with scattered resinous glands. <b>Infructescences</b> erect, cylindric, 0.8–1.5(–2) × 0.8–1 cm, shattering with fruits in fall; scales glabrous to pubescent, lobes diverging slightly distal to middle, central lobe narrow, elongate, lateral lobes shorter and broader, extended. <b>Samaras</b> with wings slightly narrower than body, broadest near center, not extended beyond body apically. <b>2n</b> = 56.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering late spring.
|habitat=Bogs, calcareous fens, wooded swamps, muskegs, lake shores
|elevation=0–700 m
|distribution=St. Pierre and Miquelon;Alta.;B.C.;Man.;N.B.;Nfld.;N.W.T.;N.S.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Sask.;Yukon;Calif.;Colo.;Conn.;Idaho;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Kans.;Maine;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Mont.;Nebr.;N.J.;N.Y.;N.Dak.;Ohio;Oreg.;Pa.;S.Dak.;Vt.;Wash.;Wis.;Wyo.
|discussion=<p><i>Betula pumila</i> is sometimes treated (in part) as a variety of <i>B. glandulosa</i> Michaux, to which it is related at a subgeneric or sectional level. On the basis of morphology, however, it forms a cohesive and distinct entity (J. J. Furlow 1984). The two main varieties into which <i>B. pumila</i> is often divided (a more southern <i>B. pumila</i> <i></i></i>var.<i><i> pumila</i>, with mostly pubescent, glandless leaves, and a more northern <i>B. pumila</i> <i></i></i>var.<i><i> glandulifera</i>, with less pubescent, gland-bearing leaves) may represent geographic races; these are not well marked, however, and they do not hold up well when the complex is examined as a whole.</p><!--
--><p>The Ojibwa used <i>Betula pumila</i> medicinally as a gynecological aid and as a respiratory aid (D. E. Moerman 1986).</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Betula pumila
|author=
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=Betula borealis;Betula glandulifera;Betula glandulosa var. glandulifera;Betula glandulosa var. hallii;Betula hallii;Betula nana var. glandulifera;Betula pubescens subsp. borealis;Betula pumila var. glabra;Betula pumila var. glandulifera;Betula pumila var. renifolia
|basionyms=
|family=Betulaceae
|phenology=Flowering late spring.
|habitat=Bogs, calcareous fens, wooded swamps, muskegs, lake shores
|elevation=0–700 m
|distribution=St. Pierre and Miquelon;Alta.;B.C.;Man.;N.B.;Nfld.;N.W.T.;N.S.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Sask.;Yukon;Calif.;Colo.;Conn.;Idaho;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Kans.;Maine;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Mont.;Nebr.;N.J.;N.Y.;N.Dak.;Ohio;Oreg.;Pa.;S.Dak.;Vt.;Wash.;Wis.;Wyo.
|reference=None
|publication title=Mant. Pl.,
|publication year=1767
|special status=Endemic
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f6b125a955440c0872999024f038d74684f65921/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V3/V3_681.xml
|subfamily=Betulaceae subfam. Betuloideae
|genus=Betula
|species=Betula pumila
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Betula]]