View source for Fontinalis howellii

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Fontinalis howellii
|accepted_authority=Renauld & Cardot
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Bot. Gaz.
|place=13: 200, plate 18. 1888
|year=1888
}}
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=E
|label=Endemic
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Fontinalis chrysophylla
|authority=Cardot
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=F. kindbergii
|authority=Renauld & Cardot
|rank=species
}}
|hierarchy=Fontinalaceae;Fontinalis;Fontinalis howellii
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Fontinalaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Fontinalis]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Fontinalis howellii]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 28
|mention_page=page 494, 496, 499
|treatment_page=page 497
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>to 35 cm, reddish, yellow-red, golden brown, or pale green. <b>Stems</b> medium to robust, rarely slender, rigid; stem and branch apices firm, loosely foliate, not angled; axillary hairs 600–750 µm, 6–10 cells, basal cell quadrate to short-rectangular, red, distal cells long-cylindric, hyaline. <b>Leaves</b> strongly dimorphic. <b>Stem</b> leaves erect to erect-spreading when dry or moist, ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, sharply or weakly keeled and conduplicate, keels straight beyond basal curve, 4–7 mm; margins plane, sometimes erect to somewhat involute at apex; apex acute to narrowly obtuse; medial laminal cells 110–180 × 12–16 µm. <b>Branch</b> leaves erect-spreading when dry, spreading and sharply 3-ranked when moist, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, not keeled, concave to tubular-concave, 3–6 mm; margins involute; apex long-acuminate, acute, or somewhat rounded. <b>Perigonia</b> with leaves 0.7 mm. <b>Perichaetia</b> with leaves oval to suborbiculate, 2–3 mm, apex obtuse. <b>Seta</b> 0.2–0.3 mm. <b>Capsule</b> immersed to slightly emergent, oblong to subcylindric, 2–2.5 mm; operculum conic, 1 mm; endostome trellis perfect. <b>Calyptra</b> 2 mm. <b>Spores</b> 12–16 µm.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|habitat=Logs, sticks, shrubs, swamps, pools, ponds, streams, streamlets, springs, wet rock in seeps, often seasonally dry
|elevation=low to high elevations (0-1600 m)
|distribution=B.C.;Calif.;Idaho;Mont.;Oreg.;Wash.
|discussion=<p>Wet plants of <i>Fontinalis howellii</i> have spreading, sharply three-ranked branch leaves; when dry the stem and branch apices are firm and loosely terete-foliate. Typical <i>F. howellii</i> differs from other keeled species of <i>Fontinalis</i> in having strongly and abruptly dimorphic leaves: stem leaves keeled-conduplicate with straight keels after the basal curve; branch leaves linear-lanceolate to lanceolate and concave to tubular-concave. Permanently submerged plants (chrysophylla expression) differ from the typical form in their smaller size and mostly concave stem leaves.</p><!--
--><p>The oreganensis expression of <i>Fontinalis antipyretica</i> is similar but differs from <i>F. howellii</i> in having often smaller plants; some transitional leaves between stem and branch leaf forms; shorter, broader branch leaves; and triangular stem and branch apices that when dry have a swollen aspect very different from the firm, loosely foliate stem and branch apices in <i>F. howellii</i>. All collections referred to <i>F. howellii</i> from eastern North America and recent reports from Germany represent the oreganensis expression of <i>F. antipyretica</i>. The only other <i>Fontinalis</i> taxon with tubular-concave leaves is the cymbifolium expression of <i>F. novae-angliae</i>. It differs from <i>F. howellii</i> in having consistently concave stem leaves.</p>
|tables=
|references=
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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Fontinalis howellii
|authority=Renauld & Cardot
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=Fontinalis chrysophylla;F. kindbergii
|basionyms=
|family=Fontinalaceae
|habitat=Logs, sticks, shrubs, swamps, pools, ponds, streams, streamlets, springs, wet rock in seeps, often seasonally dry
|elevation=low to high elevations (0-1600 m)
|distribution=B.C.;Calif.;Idaho;Mont.;Oreg.;Wash.
|reference=None
|publication title=Bot. Gaz.
|publication year=1888
|special status=Endemic
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f50eec43f223ca0e34566be0b046453a0960e173/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V28/V28_772.xml
|genus=Fontinalis
|species=Fontinalis howellii
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Fontinalis]]