View source for Betula populifolia

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Betula populifolia
|accepted_authority=Marshall
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Arbust. Amer.,
|place=19. 1785
|year=1785
}}
|common_names=Gray birch;white birch;fire birch;bouleau &agrave; feuilles de peuplier;bouleau gris
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=W1
|label=
}}{{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=E
|label=Endemic
}}{{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=F
|label=Illustrated
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Betula alba subsp. populifolia
|authority=(Marshall) Regel
|rank=subspecies
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Betula alba var. populifolia
|authority=(Marshall) Spach
|rank=variety
}}
|hierarchy=Betulaceae;Betulaceae subfam. Betuloideae;Betula;Betula populifolia
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Betulaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Betulaceae subfam. Betuloideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Betula]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Betula populifolia]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 3
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Trees,</b> broadly pyramidal, to 10 m; trunks usually several. <b>Bark</b> when young dark reddish brown, in maturity becoming grayish white, smooth, close; lenticels dark, horizontally expanded. <b>Twigs</b> without taste and odor of wintergreen, glabrous to sparsely pubescent, dotted with small, inconspicuous, resinous glands. <b>Leaf</b> blade broadly ovate to deltate or rhombic with 5–18 pairs of lateral veins, 3–10 × 3–8 cm, base truncate to cuneate, marginally coarsely, irregularly, or sometimes obscurely doubly serrate, apex abruptly long-acuminate; surfaces abaxially glabrous or sparsely pubescent, often covered with minute, resinous glands. <b>Infructescences</b> erect to nearly pendulous, nearly cylindric, 1–2.5(–3) × 0.8–1 cm, shattering with fruits in early fall; scales adaxially densely pubescent, lobes diverging distal to middle, central lobe cuneate, acute, much shorter than lateral lobes, lateral lobes divergent, broad, irregularly angular. <b>Samaras</b> with wings much broader than body, broadest near middle, often extended beyond body both apically and basally. <b>2n</b> = 28.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering late spring.
|habitat=Rocky or sandy open woods, moist to dryish slopes, old fields, and waste places
|elevation=100–600 m
|distribution=N.B.;N.S.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Conn.;Del.;Ill.;Ind.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Y.;N.C.;Ohio;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;Vt.;Va.
|discussion=<p><i>Betula populifolia</i> is an important successional tree on burned, cleared, or abandoned land in the Northeast. It is closely related to <i>Betula pendula</i> Roth of Europe, <i>B. neoalaskana</i> of the Northwest, and several Asian taxa. This species is easily distinguished from the paper birch, with which it is often sympatric, by the long tapering apices of its leaves, its nonpeeling bark, and the characteristic expanded, black triangular patches on the trunks below the branches.</p><!--
--><p>The Iroquois used <i>Betula populifolia</i> medicinally to treat bleeding piles, and the Micmac, to treat infected cuts and as an emetic (D. E. Moerman 1986).</p><!--
--><p>The blue birches (<i>Betula</i> ×caerulea Blanchard) have been variously considered to repres species or a hybrid between <i>B. papyrifera</i> Marshall and <i>B. populifolia</i> Marshall (T. C. Brayshaw 1966) or <i>B. papyrifera</i> and the big blue birch B. caerulea-grandis (M. L. Fernald 1922). Both B. ×caerulea and B. caerulea-grandis have been shown in more recent experimental studies to be of hybrid origin between <i>B. cordifolia</i> Regel and <i>B. populifolia</i> (A. G. Guerriero et al. 1970; W. F. Grant and B. K. Thompson 1975; P. E. DeHond and C. S. Campbell 1989). Individuals of these hybrids combine characteristics of the parents, the infructescence scales and leaves somewhat resembling those of <i>B. populifolia</i>, and the habit and exfoliating reddish bark that of <i>B. cordifolia</i>.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=catling1988a
|text=Catling, P. M. and K. W. Spicer. 1988. The separation of Betula populifolia and Betula pendula and their status in Ontario. Canad. J. Forest Res. 18: 1017--1026.
}}
}}<!--

--><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Betula populifolia
|authority=Marshall
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=Betula alba subsp. populifolia;Betula alba var. populifolia
|basionyms=
|family=Betulaceae
|phenology=Flowering late spring.
|habitat=Rocky or sandy open woods, moist to dryish slopes, old fields, and waste places
|elevation=100–600 m
|distribution=N.B.;N.S.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Conn.;Del.;Ill.;Ind.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Y.;N.C.;Ohio;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;Vt.;Va.
|reference=catling1988a
|publication title=Arbust. Amer.,
|publication year=1785
|special status=W1;Endemic;Illustrated
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/bb6b7e3a7de7d3b7888a1ad48c7fd8f5c722d8d6/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V3/V3_1114.xml
|subfamily=Betulaceae subfam. Betuloideae
|genus=Betula
|species=Betula populifolia
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Betula]]